Chalmers Street Substation Review of Environmental Factors
AUGUST 2015
Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto SubstationReview of Environmental Factors
July 2014
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This report has been prepared by GHD for Transport for NSW and may only be used and relied on by Transport for NSW for the purpose agreed between GHD and the Transport for NSW as set out in section 1.5 of this report.
GHD otherwise disclaims responsibility to any person other than Transport for NSW arising in connection with this report. GHD also excludes implied warranties and conditions, to the extent legally permissible.
The services undertaken by GHD in connection with preparing this report were limited to those specifically detailed in the report and are subject to the scope limitations set out in the report.
The opinions, conclusions and any recommendations in this report are based on conditions encountered and information reviewed at the date of preparation of the report. GHD has no responsibility or obligation to update this report to account for events or changes occurring subsequent to the date that the report was prepared.
The opinions, conclusions and any recommendations in this report are based on assumptions made by GHD described in this report (refer section 1.5 of this report). GHD disclaims liability arising from any of the assumptions being incorrect.
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Table of contents
Glossary of terms vi
List of abbreviations vii
Executive summary viii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 The Power Supply Upgrade Program 1
1.3 The proposal 1
1.4 Structure of the REF 3
1.5 Scope and methodology 3
2 Location and setting 5
2.1 Site location and description 5
2.2 The study area and site context 5
3 Statutory framework 7
3.1 Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 7
3.2 Environmental planning instruments 7
3.3 Other legislative considerations 9
3.4 Summary of approval requirements 11
4 Strategic context, need and options considered 12
4.1 Strategic context and need for the proposal 12
4.2 Proposal development process 12
4.3 Objectives of the proposal 13
4.4 Options considered 13
4.5 Preferred option for the proposal 14
5 Description of the proposal 16
5.1 The proposed substation 16
4.2 Decommissioning of Leumeah Substation 21
5.3 Construction information 22
5.4 Operation of the proposal 25
5.5 Sustainability 25
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6 Community and stakeholder consultation 27
6.1 Consultation framework 27
7 Environmental impact assessment 29
7.1 Soils and water quality 29
7.2 Flora and fauna 33
7.3 Noise and vibration 38
7.4 Air quality 45
7.5 Traffic and transport 46
7.6 Land use and social-economic issues 49
7.7 Visual amenity 51
7.8 Heritage 52
7.9 Electromagnetic energy 53
7.10 Waste 54
7.11 Cumulative impacts 55
8 Environmental management and mitigation 56
8.1 Environmental management plans 56
8.2 Summary of mitigation measures 56
9 Conclusion 63
9.1 Justification of the proposal 63
9.2 Summary of REF findings 63
9.3 Conclusion 64
10 Reference list 65
Appendices
Appendix A – Clause 228 factors and ecologically sustainable development considerations under the EP&A Act 66
Appendix B – Concept design plans 69
Appendix C – Flora and fauna assessment results 74
Appendix D – Electromagnetic energy assessment 108
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Table index
Table 1.1 Structure and content of the REF 3
Table 3.1 Consideration of the provisions of SREP 20 8
Table 3.2 Consideration of relevant NSW legislation 9
Table 3.3 EPBC Act protected matters search results 11
Table 7.1 Construction noise management levels 39
Table 7.2 Operational noise criteria at sensitive receivers and other land uses 40
Table 7.3 Guidance on effects of vibration levels for human comfort (BS 5228.2 – 2009) 41
Table 7.4 Guideline values for short-term vibration on structures (DIN 4150-3–1999) 41
Table 7.5 Predicted construction noise levels 41
Table 7.6 Construction noise qualitative impact assessment 42
Table 7.7 Equipment noise sources, dB(A) 43
Table 7.8 Predicted operational noise levels 44
Table 8.1 Mitigation measures 58
Figure index
Figure 1.1 Location of the proposal 2
Figure 2.1 Land use and key features of the study area 6
Figure 5.1 Proposed substation, connections to existing systems and construction compound 19
Figure 7.1 Images of McBarron Creek 30
Figure 7.2 Images of existing vegetation on the proposal site 35
Figure 7.3 Existing vegetation 36
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Glossary of terms
Term DefinitionAir gap Where two wire runs overlap each other.
Circuit breakers Manually or automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. The basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow.
dB(A) Decibel expressed with the frequency weighting filter used to measure ‘A-weighted’ sound pressure levels, which conforms more or less to the human ear response, as our hearing is less sensitive at low and high frequencies.
Feeders In the context of the Power Supply Upgrade Program, a feeder is either
• a 33kV AC cable coming in to the substation from the Sydney Trains supply or from Ausgrid
• a cable supplying 1500V DC from the substation to the overhead wiring system.
LA90(period) The A-weighted sound pressure level that is exceeded for 90% of the time over which a given sound is measured. This is considered to represent the background noise e.g. LA90(15 min).
LAeq(period) Equivalent sound pressure level: the steady sound level that, over a specified period of time, would produce the same energy equivalence as the fluctuating sound level actually occurring.
Microtesla A unit of measurement for magnetic strength.
Pantograph The apparatus mounted on the roof of an electric train to collect power through contact with an overhead catenary wire.
Proposal Refers the construction and operation of Minto Substation.
Proposal site The immediate location of the proposal, which is the area that has the potential to be directly disturbed by construction.
RailCorp Former Rail Corporation of NSW, now referred to as Sydney Trains.
Rectifiers An electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process is known as rectification.
Sectioning hut A building which is generally located between substations and contains circuit breakers. It provides protection and sectioning of the overhead traction supply system and, on multiple tracks, improves voltage regulation.
Study area Consists of land in the vicinity of the proposal site, including land that has the potential to be indirectly impacted by the proposal.
Sydney Trains Former Rail Corporation of NSW (RailCorp).
Traction substation A traction substation is an electrical substation that converts electric power from the form provided by the electricity provider to an appropriate voltage, current type and frequency able to be used to the supply the rail network with power.
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List of abbreviations
Abbreviation DefinitionARPANSA Australian Radiation and Nuclear Protection Safety Agency
AHD Australian height datum
CEMP construction environmental management plan
DC direct current
DCCB direct current circuit breaker
DP deposited plan
EME electromagnetic energy
EP&A Act Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979
EPA Environment Protection Authority
EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Act 1999
EPL environmental protection licence
GHD GHD Pty Ltd
HV high voltage
ICNG Interim Construction Noise Guideline (DECC 2009)
Infrastructure SEPP State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) 2007
INP Industrial Noise Policy (EPA 2000)
kV kilovolt
LEP local environmental plan
LGA local government area
m metre
m2 square metre
MW megawatt
NPWS National Parks and Wildlife Service
NSW New South Wales
OEH Office of Environment and Heritage
POEO Act Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997
PSU Program Power Supply Upgrade Program
RBL rating background levels
REF review of environmental factors
REP regional environmental plan
RMS Roads and Maritime Services (formerly the NSW Roads and Traffic Authority (RTA))
SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition
SEPP State Environmental Planning Policy
SF6 sulfur hexafluoride gas
SREP Sydney Regional Environmental Plan
SREP 20 Sydney Regional Environmental Plan No. 20 – Hawkesbury Nepean River (No.2 – 1997)
Substation Minto Substation
TSC Act Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995
V volt
VESDA very early smoke detection alarm
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Executive summary
Overview
This review of environmental factors (REF) considers the potential impacts of the construction and operation of a new traction substation at Minto, between Minto and Leumeah stations on the Main Southern Line. It has been prepared by GHD Pty Ltd on behalf of Transport for NSW to assess the potential impacts of the proposal, and assist Transport for NSW determine the proposal in accordance with the provisions of Part 5 of the NSW Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act).
Why is the proposal needed?
Transport for NSW is currently undertaking the Power Supply Upgrade Program (the PSU Program) to meet the actual and projected increase in power demands on the Sydney Trains electrical network. A power supply study (RailCorp, 2011) undertaken as part of the PSU Program identified that a new substation was required in the Minto area to:
• provide additional capacity and improved reliability for the operation of trains along the Main Southern Line and the South West Rail Link
• reduce the loading on adjacent substations
• allow for the decommissioning of the existing Leumeah Substation, which has reached the end of its economic life.
Where would the proposal be located?
The proposal is located within the suburb of Minto, on land adjacent to the rail corridor that is owned by Sydney Trains. It is located behind the Austrak Business Park, which is accessed via Magnum Place off Pembroke Road. Surrounding land uses are dominated by industrial development and rail infrastructure (the rail line and Leumeah Substation). Leumeah Substation is located about 35 metres to the south of the proposal.
What would the proposal involve?
The proposal involves constructing and operating a new substation within land owned by Sydney Trains, which is adjacent to the rail corridor for the Main Southern Line. The substation would supply traction power to the Sydney Trains rail network, to meet the needs identified by the power supply study. The substation would include electrical equipment and connections, as well as an administration office, staff amenities and parking.
The substation would be accessed via the existing corridor access road that runs along the rail corridor. This corridor access road would need to be upgraded and sealed. To accommodate the upgraded access road, the existing feeder along the rail corridor would be relocated to below ground.
Wastewater, potable water and stormwater drainage pipelines would also be constructed to service the proposed substation. The wastewater and water pipelines would connect to Sydney Water’s existing mains, located within the rail corridor and on Pembroke Road respectively.
The proposal also involves decommissioning Leumeah Substation.
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How long would the proposal take to construct?
It is anticipated that construction of the proposal would commence in mid to late 2015, and would around 12 months to construct. The main civil construction activities would be completed within nine months, while the fit out of the substation would take three months. The proposed substation would be required to be operational by September 2016. The decommissioning works at Leumeah Substation would take up to about three to four weeks.
Summary of the findings of the REF
There are not considered to be any significant long-term environmental issues associated with the presence of the substation on the proposal site, or its operation. In the short-term, there may be minor adverse impacts associated with construction. The main potential impacts that would require management are:
• traffic and access impacts associated with the need for heavy vehicles to access the site, and the requirement for some oversized deliveries
• potential disturbance of any contaminated fill material associated with the rail corridor
• noise due to the operation of machinery and equipment
• minor clearing of vegetation during on-site enabling works.
These construction impacts would be relatively minor and short-term, and would be mitigated by the implementation of the mitigation measures.
Operation impacts would be limited to the presence of a new structure in the landscape; however there is limited visibility to the proposal site from any sensitive receivers. Operation of the substation would generate minor levels of noise. However given the industrial nature of the study area and the proximity to the existing rail corridor, these impacts are expected to be negligible. The distance to the nearest sensitive receivers (residences located about 400 metres east of the substation site), and the fact that there are a number of large factory buildings located between the proposal site and the receivers, limits the potential significance of any operational impacts.
The proposal would result in long-term positive impacts as it would increase the capacity of the rail corridor’s power supply network, enabling it to meet the projected increase in power demands on the rail network. This would provide long-term benefits to users of the rail network.
Adverse environmental impacts would be minimised by implementing the mitigation measures listed in this REF, including preparing and implementing a construction environmental management plan.
Justification and conclusion
The proposal is needed to meet the actual and projected increase in power demands on the Sydney Trains electrical network.
The potential environmental impacts of the proposal have been assessed in accordance with section 111 of the EP&A Act, clause 228 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000, the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, and the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It is considered that the adverse environmental impacts would be generally short-term and localised in nature. With the adoption and implementation of the mitigation and management measures listed in this REF, the potential environmental impacts of the proposal would be adequately mitigated and managed, and are not considered to be significant.
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1 Introduction
1.1 Overview
Transport for NSW is currently undertaking the Power Supply Upgrade Program (the PSU Program) to meet the actual and projected increase in power demands on the Sydney Trains electrical network. A power supply study (RailCorp, 2011) undertaken as part of the program determined that a new substation was required in the Minto area to provide additional capacity and improve reliability for the operation of trains along the rail network.
Transport for NSW is proposing to construct a new substation between Minto and Leumeah stations to address the needs identified by the power study. The new substation would also allow the existing Leumeah Substation to be decommissioned as it has reached the end of its economic life.
The construction and operation of Minto Substation (referred to as ‘the proposal’ for the purposes of this document) is subject to assessment and determination under Part 5 of the NSW Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (the EP&A Act). GHD Pty Ltd (GHD) was commissioned by Transport for NSW to undertake an assessment of the potential environmental impacts of the proposal, and prepare a review of environmental factors (REF) in accordance with the EP&A Act.
1.2 The Power Supply Upgrade Program
The PSU Program was initiated by RailCorp in 2005 to ensure that Sydney’s rail network will be capable of meeting the expected power requirements of future train timetables, and the requirements of the new generation of air conditioned trains (for example, Waratah trains). The PSU Program involves constructing new electrical infrastructure and upgrading substations, sectioning huts, overhead wiring and feeders across the network.
The objectives of the PSU Program are to:
• support the introduction of air conditioned trains into service
• provide additional power to operate trains on the network
• improve service reliability by reducing the risk of disruption to rail services.
The delivery of the PSU Program was transferred to Transport for NSW in 2012.
1.3 The proposal
The proposal involves constructing and operating a new substation to the east of the Sydney Trains rail corridor adjacent to the existing Leumeah Substation. The new substation would supply traction power to the Main Southern Line.
The proposal also involves installing service connections to the new substation, upgrading the existing access road and decommissioning Leumeah Substation.
The location of the proposal is shown in Figure 1.1. A description of the proposal is provided in section 5.
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Figure 1.1 Location of the proposal
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1.4 Structure of the REF
The structure and content of the REF is summarised in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1 Structure and content of the REF
Section DescriptionSection 1 – Introduction An introduction to the REF.
Section 2 – Location and setting
A description of the location, site and study area.
Section 3 – Statutory framework
An overview of the statutory requirements for the proposal, including the requirements of relevant environmental planning instruments and legislation.
Section 4 – Strategic context, need and options considered
An overview of the strategic context for the proposal, need, and the proposal development process.
Section 5 – Description of the proposal
A description of the proposal.
Section 6 – Community and stakeholder consultation
A summary of the consultation process and the key issues raised.
Section 7 – Environmental impact assessment
An assessment of the potential environmental impacts, including summaries of specialist reports prepared for the proposal.
Section 8 – Environmental management and mitigation
An outline of the requirements for the proposal’s environmental management plan, and a summary of the mitigation measures identified by the REF.
Section 9 - Conclusion A conclusion to the REF.
Section 10 – Reference list
Provides a list of references for the REF.
1.5 Scope and methodology
1.5.1 Scope and purpose of the REF
For an activity subject to Part 5 of the EP&A Act, section 111 of the Act imposes a duty on a determining authority to ‘examine and take into account to the fullest extent possible all matters affecting or likely to affect the environment by reason of that activity’. Determining authorities make a determination about whether a proposal can proceed, and on what basis.
The purpose of this REF is to summarise the results of the environmental impact assessment for the proposal and provide information about the proposal as an input to the determination process. Transport for NSW (as the determining authority) will consider the findings of the REF as part of the determination process.
In summary, the REF will assist Transport for NSW to undertake the following:
• determine whether the proposal should be approved, taking into account to the fullest extent possible all matters affecting or likely to affect the environment (in accordance with section 111 of the EP&A Act)
• determine whether the proposal is likely to have a significant effect on the environment or significantly affect threatened species, populations or ecological communities or their habitats
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• develop appropriate conditions (based on the mitigation measures within the REF) to be attached to any approval granted.
Clause 228 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000 (the Regulation) lists, for the purposes of Part 5 of the EP&A Act, the factors to be taken into account when considering the likely impact of an activity on the environment. Appendix A considers the potential impacts of the proposal against these factors.
For the purposes of this REF, the following definitions have been applied:
• The ‘proposal’ refers to the construction and operation of Minto Substation and associated connection works and the decommissioning of Leumeah Substation.
• The ‘substation’ refers to the proposed Minto Substation.
• The ‘proposal site’ is defined as the immediate location of the substation, and includes the area around it that has the potential to be directly disturbed during construction. It includes the footprint for the substation and a buffer area that would potentially be impacted by construction activities, the location of the decommissioning works and construction compound.
• The ‘study area’ consists of land in the vicinity of, and including, the proposal site. The study area is the wider area surrounding the proposal site, including land that has the potential to be indirectly impacted by the proposal (for example, as a result of any noise impacts).
Other terms are defined in the glossary at the beginning of the REF.
1.5.2 Methodology
The REF has been prepared in consultation with relevant stakeholders, including the design team (GHD), Transport for NSW, and other relevant technical advisors and agencies. Preparing the REF has involved the following tasks:
• attending a project inception meeting/briefing and project risk workshop
• receiving relevant information from Transport for NSW
• a site visit, including a site review by a GHD ecologist
• consultation and liaison with key stakeholders
• reviewing specialist assessments being undertaken as part of the design process (including the contamination, geotechnical and electromagnetic fields assessments), and incorporating relevant information in the REF
• a qualitative desktop assessment of other potential impacts, including reviews of existing information and database searches
• identifying mitigation measures to manage the impacts identified
• addressing the requirements of Part 5 of the EP&A Act and clause 228 of the Regulation.
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2 Location and setting
This section provides information on the location of the proposal, the proposal site and its surrounds (the study area).
2.1 Site location and description
The proposal site, which is shown in Figure 1.1, is located within the suburb of Minto, in the Campbelltown local government area (LGA). The proposal site is located on lot 6, deposited plan (DP) 253660 and partly within lot 607, DP 1186540, which are owned by Sydney Trains. The proposal site has an area of about 4,420 square metres, and approximate dimensions of 26 by 170 metres.
The proposal site is located on the eastern side of the Main Southern Line rail line, about 1.5 kilometres south of Minto Station and 1.3 kilometres north-east of Leumeah Station. The site is currently unused, and is vegetated with a mix of regrowth vegetation, grasses, weeds, scattered native shrubs and scattered small trees.
The pipeline connection to Sydney Water’s potable water network would be located within lot 13 DP 1051906 (which is privately owned industrial land) and within the road reserve of Pembroke Road (a classified road managed by Roads and Maritime Services). The wastewater pipeline and electrical connections would be located within land owned by Sydney Trains (refer to Figure 5.1).
Stormwater at the proposal site would be managed through the use of a swale drain along the eastern side of the site. Stormwater would be captured in this drain and redirected either north to McBarron Creek, or to the south to an existing swale drain within the rail corridor. This swale drain would be mainly located within Lot 6 DP 253660 (refer to Figure 5.1).
Access to the proposal site is via an existing unsealed (gravel) rail corridor access road, which runs along the length of the rail corridor. The access road connects to the external road network via O’Sullivan Road, near Leumeah Station (to the south of the proposal site).
2.2 The study area and site context
Key features of the study area are shown in Figure 2.1. The proposal site is located in an area which is dominated by industrial and infrastructure land uses.
Land uses immediately surrounding the proposal site include:
• industrial development associated with the Austrack Business Park to the east
• railway uses, including tracks and rail corridor, are located to the north, south and west.
The adjacent rail lines consist of the two main running tracks for the Main Southern Line (one running in a northerly direction towards Central Station and one running in a southerly direction towards Campbelltown Station), as well as the single bi-directional track Southern Sydney Freight Line on the western side of the corridor.
Land uses in the broader area include:
• Pembroke Park is located about 130 metres to the north
• a vehicle processing facility owned by Prixcar Services is located on the western side of the rail corridor at Culverston Road
• residential land uses in the suburb of Leumeah, with the nearest residences located about 40 metres east of the proposed pipeline and about 400 metres east of the proposed substation.
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Figure 2.1 Land use and key features of the study area
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3 Statutory framework
This section provides an overview of the statutory framework relevant to the proposal, including the assessment requirements, relevant environmental legislation and planning instruments.
3.1 Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979
The EP&A Act and the Regulation provide the statutory basis for planning and environmental assessment in NSW. The EP&A Act provides the framework for environmental planning and development approvals and includes provisions to ensure that the potential environmental impacts of a development are assessed and considered in the decision making process.
3.1.1 Application of Part 5 of the EP&A Act
As a result of the application of the State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) 2007 (the Infrastructure SEPP), the proposal is subject to Part 5 of the EP&A Act (refer section 3.2.1). In relation to Part 5 activities, section 111 of the EP&A Act imposes a duty on a determining authority to ‘examine and take into account to the fullest extent possible all matters affecting or likely to affect the environment by reason of that activity’.
Section 110(1) defines a determining authority as ‘a Minister or public authority and, in relation to any activity, means the Minister or public authority by or on whose behalf the activity is or is to be carried out or any Minister or public authority whose approval is required in order to enable the activity to be carried out’.
In accordance with clause 79 of the Infrastructure SEPP, Transport for NSW is the proponent and determining authority for the proposal. This REF has been prepared to satisfy Transport for NSW’s requirements under the EP&A Act.
3.2 Environmental planning instruments
The environmental planning instruments that are relevant to the approval and assessment of the proposal are considered below.
3.2.1 State environmental planning policies (SEPPs)
State Environmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) 2007
The Infrastructure SEPP outlines the permissibility and development controls for infrastructure works and facilities. Clause 79 of the Infrastructure SEPP outlines which railway infrastructure facilities are permissible without the need for development consent under the EP&A Act. As the proposal meets the definitions of rail infrastructure facilities provided by clause 78, it is permissible without consent.
Clauses 13 to 16 of the Infrastructure SEPP outline the requirements for consultation with councils and other public authorities for infrastructure development carried out by or on behalf of a public authority. The proposal would not trigger any of these requirements, and therefore consultation with Campbelltown City Council (Council) and other public authorities is not required under the Infrastructure SEPP. However, relevant agencies have been, and will continue to be, consulted in relation to the proposal. Further details of the consultation process are provided in section 6.
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3.2.2 Sydney Regional Environmental Plan No. 20 – Hawkesbury Nepean River (No 2 – 1997)
As of 1 July 2009, regional environmental plans (REPs) are no longer part of the hierarchy of environmental planning instruments in NSW. All REPs are now deemed State environmental planning policies. The proposal is located on land to which Sydney Regional Environmental Plan No. 20 – Hawkesbury Nepean River (No.2 – 1997) (SREP 20) applies. The aim of SREP 20 is to protect the environment of the Hawkesbury Nepean River System. The proposal does not require consent under SREP 20. However, under clause 4(1)(b), the matters listed under clauses 5 and 6 that apply to a proposal must be considered by a public authority carrying out development that does not require consent. Table 3.1 addresses these matters as they apply to the proposal.
Table 3.1 Consideration of the provisions of SREP 20
Consideration CommentClause 5
The aim of this plan which is to protect the environment of the Hawkesbury-Nepean River system by ensuring that the impacts of future land uses are considered in a regional context
This REF assesses the impacts of the proposal and takes into account the potential regional impacts. The proposal is not anticipated to have any significant and/or regional level impacts.
The strategies listed in the Action Plan of the Hawkesbury-Nepean Environmental Planning Strategy
The proposal is not inconsistent with any of the strategies listed in the Action Plan.
Whether there are any feasible alternatives to the development or other proposal concerned
Alternatives to the proposal have been considered and are outlined in section 4.4 of the REF.
The relationship between the different impacts of the development or other proposal and the environment, and how those impacts would be addressed and monitored.
Section 7 of the REF assesses the potential impacts of the proposal and identifies mitigation measures to minimise these impacts.
Clause 6
Total catchment management The proposal would result in only a minor increase in hard stand areas and would not result in any significant impacts on the catchment.
Environmentally sensitive areas The proposal would remove a small area of highly disturbed and modified regrowth vegetation and would therefore not result in a significant reduction in the extent or occurrence of the community within the locality. Further information is provided in section 7.2.3.
Water quality Mitigation measures would be implemented to minimise potential impacts on water quality (refer section 7.1.3).
Water quantity The proposal would not result in any changes to surface water or groundwater flow characteristics. Ground levels would be returned to existing condition after construction.
Cultural heritage The proposal would not result in any impacts to listed Aboriginal of non-Aboriginal heritage items, places or sites.
Flora and fauna Potential flora and fauna impacts are considered in section 7.2.3.
Riverine scenic quality Not applicable
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Consideration CommentAgriculture/ aquaculture and fishing Not applicable
Rural residential development Not applicable
Urban development Not applicable
Recreation and tourism Not applicable
Metropolitan strategy Not applicable
3.2.3 Local environmental plans
The Campbelltown (Urban Area) Local Environmental Plan 2002 (the LEP) applies to the land in which the proposal site is located. The proposal site is located within land zoned 5(a) Special Uses A (Railways), while the proposed water pipeline would also be located within the 4(a) General Industry and 5(b) Special Use – Arterial Road zones.. The zone provisions provide that utility installations can be carried out in all three zones without consent. As the proposal meets the LEP definition of a ‘utility installation’ it is permitted without consent under the LEP.
3.3 Other legislative considerations
3.3.1 NSW legislation
Other environmental legislation that is directly relevant to the approval and/or assessment of the proposal is considered in Table 3.2.
Table 3.2 Consideration of relevant NSW legislation
Act Potential approval requirement for rail infrastructure
Relevance to the proposal
Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997
An environment protection licence (EPL) is required for scheduled activities or scheduled development work.
The proposal is not considered to be a scheduled activity under Schedule 1 of the POEO Act and therefore an EPL is not required for construction. Sydney Trains currently holds an EPL for the operation of the rail network (EPL no. 12208). The proposal would comply with the requirements of this licence as well as the general obligations of the POEO Act. No variation of this licence is considered to be required.
Roads Act 1993 Approval under section 138 for works to a public road.
The proposal would involve works within the road reserve of Pembroke Road (a classified road) and therefore an approval under section 138 of the Roads Act would be sought.
National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974
A heritage impact permit under section 87 of the Act to harm or desecrate an Aboriginal heritage object.
There are no listed Aboriginal heritage items or places located on or in the vicinity of the site. As a result of the existing levels of site disturbance, there is minimal likelihood that unknown items of Aboriginal heritage significance would be present.
Further information is provided in section 7.8.
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Act Potential approval requirement for rail infrastructure
Relevance to the proposal
Water Management Act 2000 and Water Act 1912
Licence for interception of groundwater
Excavation work would be undertaken as part of the proposal, and it is possible that groundwater would be intercepted. Subject to confirmation with the Office of Water, if Transport for NSW (as determining authority) determines that the proposal is a ‘defined minimal impact aquifer interference activity’, a license would not be required.
Heritage Act 1977 Approval under section 57(1) for works to a place, building, work, relic, moveable object, precinct, or land listed on the State Heritage Register.
An excavation permit under section 139 to disturb or excavate any land containing or likely to contain a relic.
There are no listed non-Aboriginal heritage items located on or in the vicinity of the site. As a result of the existing levels of site disturbance, there is minimal likelihood that unknown items of historic significance or relics would be present.
Further information is provided in section 7.8.
Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995
The TSC Act lists threatened species, populations or ecological communities to be considered in deciding whether there is likely to be a significant impact on threatened biota, or their habitats. If any of these could be impacted by the project, an assessment of significance that addresses the requirements of section 5A of the EP&A Act must be completed to determine the significance of the impact.
The flora and fauna assessment has addressed these requirements. Further information is provided in section 7.2. The proposal would not result in any significant impacts to listed flora, fauna or communities, and a species impact statement is not required.
Noxious Weeds Act 1993
Under Part 3 Division 1 of the Act, all private landowners, occupiers, public authorities and Councils are required to control noxious weeds on their land.
A number of noxious weeds were recorded within the proposal site. Further information is provided in section 7.2.2.
3.3.2 Commonwealth legislation
Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity and Conservation Act 1999
An Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) protected matters search was undertaken on 24 February 2014 for an area within a one kilometre radius of the proposal site. The results of the search are summarised in Table 3.3. As no impacts are predicted, an approval under the EPBC Act would not be required.
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Table 3.3 EPBC Act protected matters search results
EPBC Act Protected matter
Matter located within search radius
Comments Potential impact
World Heritage Property None The proposal would not impact on any World Heritage properties.
None
National Heritage Places None The proposal would not impact on any National Heritage properties.
None
Wetlands of international significance (Ramsar sites)
None The proposal would not impact on any wetlands.
None
Threatened ecological communities
Three The proposal would not impact on any threatened ecological communities.
None
Threatened species 27 species including five birds, three frogs, seven mammals, 11 plant species and one reptile
The proposal is located within a disturbed urban area with limited vegetation (native or otherwise) that would provide habitat for threatened or migratory species.
None
Listed migratory species 12 species including one migratory marine birds, seven terrestrial species, four wetlands species
None
Nuclear actions None The proposal does not involve a nuclear action.
None
Commonwealth Marine Areas
None No Commonwealth marine areas are located within the search radius.
None
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
None The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is outside the search radius.
None
Commonwealth land One Commonwealth property
The proposal would not directly or indirectly impact on any Commonwealth land.
None
A water resource, in relation to coal seam gas development and large coal mining development
Not relevant Not relevant None
3.4 Summary of approval requirements
As a result of the application of the Infrastructure SEPP the proposal does not require development consent and it is subject to assessment and determination under Part 5 of the EP&A Act. An approval under section 138 of the Roads Act would need to be obtained from Roads and Maritime Services prior to works commencing within the road reserve of Pembroke Road.
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4 Strategic context, need and options considered
This section provides background information on the strategic and planning context for the proposal, why it is needed, and the options considered.
4.1 Strategic context and need for the proposal
4.1.1 Strategic context
The NSW Long Term Transport Master Plan (Transport for NSW, 2012b) provides a framework for addressing transport challenges across NSW over the next 20 years. The master plan is designed to guide the prioritisation of available funds to deliver maximum benefits to NSW. The master plan includes 220 short, medium and long-term actions that are focused on transforming the NSW transport system.
One of the actions within the master plan is to ‘Expand the Sydney Trains fleet to include modernised double-deck and new single-deck trains’. Within the next 10 years, about 52 per cent of the existing fleet would be replaced, and the size of the fleet would increase by about 28 per cent. This would involve the introduction of new rolling stock, which includes an air conditioned fleet.
The proposal involves the provision of infrastructure required to meet the needs of the expanded Sydney Trains fleet, and is therefore consistent with the master plan.
4.1.2 Need for the proposal
To meet the needs of the expanded and air conditioned rail fleet and the operation of the 2016 timetable, an increase in the power supply on the Sydney Trains electrical network is required. A power study (ER0293) undertaken as part of the PSU Program (RailCorp, 2011) identified that a new substation was required in the Minto area to:
• provide additional capacity on the Main Southern Line
• assist with providing power to the South West Rail Link
• reduce the loading on adjacent substations
• allow for the decommissioning of the existing Leumeah Substation, which has reached the end of its recommended economic life.
4.2 Proposal development process
The power study report identified that the best way to address the identified needs would be to develop two new substations between Campbelltown and Glenfield South substations, at Minto and Ingleburn (RailCorp, 2011). This would avoid poor voltage regulation on the railway tracks between Minto and Leumeah.
The location for the proposal was selected because it provides an opportunity to reuse existing facilities at Leumeah Substation, including the signal air gap, the 1500 volt feeding structures and other interfaces to the rail power system.
GHD was engaged by TfNSW to prepare concept designs for these substations, as well as a substation at Guildford. The concept design process also involves an options review, geotechnical and environmental impact assessment process. The results of the environmental
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impact assessment of the proposal to construct and operate the Minto Substation are summarised in this REF.
The Ingleburn and Guildford substations are subject to separate assessment and approval.
4.3 Objectives of the proposal
The objectives of the proposal are to:
• establish a new traction substation at Minto in accordance with the findings of the power study
• ensure the reliable operation of Waratah trains, and transition to an air-conditioned fleet
• provide additional capacity and reduce loading on adjacent substations, allowing the existing Leumeah Substation to be decommissioned
• achieve regulatory compliance and meet all Asset Standards Authority and Australian Standards.
4.4 Options considered
A summary of the main options considered as part of the development of the proposal is provided below. Further information on the detailed options that have been developed and assessed is provided in the Minto Substation Site Options Report.
The ‘do nothing’ option
The ‘do nothing’ option involves not undertaking the proposal. Under this option, no new substation would be constructed at Minto. This option is not considered to be acceptable, as it would result in the Sydney Trains electrical network not being able to meet the needs described in section 4.1. Studies have already shown that the existing power supply network cannot meet the future needs of the Sydney Trains network.
4.4.1 Site location options
Location option 1
Option 1 involved:
• constructing a new substation at Minto, about 350 metres south (along the rail corridor) of the Minto Sectioning Hut
• decommissioning the Minto Sectioning Hut
• converting Leumeah Substation into a sectioning hut.
• This option was modelled as part of the power study, and rejected by the study based on:
• The poor voltage regulation that would result between Minto and Leumeah
• The requirement for an additional substation between Leppington and Glenfield South substations to support this option.
Location option 2
Option 2 involved:
• constructing a new substation at Minto, about 60 metres to the north (along the rail corridor) of the Minto Sectioning Hut
• decommissioning the Minto Sectioning Hut
• decommissioning Macquarie Fields Substation.
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This option was modelled as part of the power study, and rejected by the study based on the poor voltage regulation that would result on the railway tracks between Leumeah and Minto
Location option 3
Option 3 involved:
• constructing a new substation at Minto, about 245 metres north (along the rail corridor) of Leumeah Substation
• decommissioning Leumeah Substation.
This option was modelled as part of the power study. The modelling identified that this option would meet the requirements of the proposed upgrade projects on the Main Southern Line.
Location option 4
Option 4 involved:
• constructing a new substation at Minto, about 70 metres north (along the rail corridor) of Leumeah Substation
• decommissioning Leumeah Substation and reusing as much of the existing power infrastructure as possible.
This option was modelled as part of the power study. The modelling identified that this option would meet the requirements of the proposed upgrade projects on the Main Southern Line.
4.4.2 Stormwater discharge options
Two options for stormwater discharge (including roof water and clean water from the oil-water separator) have been investigated. The first option would involve constructing a swale and pipe to McBarron Creek, with the discharge point located in the creek close to the existing concrete floodway. The second option would be to discharge stormwater to Council’s existing stormwater drainage system.
Following consultation with Council, it was found that the nearest connection points are located either on Pembroke Road or on the western side of the rail corridor. Connection to the Pembroke Road infrastructure would involve a long pipeline (on a similar alignment to the proposed potable water pipeline) and pumps due to changes in elevation. Connection to the infrastructure on the western side of the corridor would involve significant works to cross the rail corridor. For these reasons, the preferred option would be to construct a new swale and pipe to discharge to McBarron Creek.
It is likely that the ground levels are such that discharge to the creek is feasible. However, this would be confirmed following detailed design and further liaison with Council.
4.5 Preferred option for the proposal
4.5.1 Location
Location option 4 was chosen as the preferred location for the proposal as it:
• allows the existing ‘air gap’ located in the vicinity of the existing Leumeah Substation (where the train’s pantograph changes from section of wire to another) to be reused, eliminating the need to re-design and construct a new air gap
• provides an opportunity to reuse the existing 1500 volt (V) overhead wiring feeding structure (located directly adjacent to Leumeah Substation), which eliminates the need to re-design and construct a new overhead wiring structure
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• allows the rectifier transformer at Leumeah Substation to be successfully decommissioned
• provides a lower cost solution compared with location option 3.
4.5.2 Stormwater discharge options
The preferred stormwater discharge option is to construct a new swale and pipe to discharge to McBarron Creek. Further studies would be undertaken during detailed design to confirm that this option is feasible.
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5 Description of the proposal
This section provides a description of the proposal, based on the design work undertaken to date. This includes an overview of the key components and design features of the substation, and a description of how it would be constructed and operated.
5.1 The proposed substation
5.1.1 Substation building and equipment
The proposal would comprise of a substation building with external, bunded high voltage (HV) enclosures to house the electrical equipment and associated facilities.
The maximum external height of the building would be about five metres above the ground level. The total size of the substation building would be about 40 metres long by five metres wide. The substation would have a floor area of about 200 square metres.
In-ground high voltage cable pits would be installed external to the building. They would connect by conduit to terminate through the cable chamber floor slab. All other electrical connections would be above ground within the cable chamber area and the switch room.
The switch room would have a height of approximately 3.5 metres and four metres. The switch room would be accessed by doors located on the western side of the building via a steel framed walkway. Two roller doors, also on the western façade, would provide access for the delivery of equipment. The 1500 volt switch room would be a separate module within the building, with a separate external access off a walkway on the eastern side of the building. The alternative exit door would open into the switch room, but would only be used in emergency situations.
Three external bunded yards would be located at ground level within the proposal site, to the north and south of substation building. Two of the yards would contain a five MW 33 kV/600 V rectifier transformer. The reactor would be located at the southernmost yard. The yard to the north containing the rectifier transformer would be about six by six metres in size. The two bunded areas to the south, containing one rectifier transformer and one reactor, would be about 6x12 metres in size, with a total area of about 108 square metres for the external transformer and reactor yards.
The substation building and bunded yards would contain the following facilities and equipment:
• two 5.35 MW 33 kV/600 V rectifier transformers
• two 5 MW 1500 V DC rectifiers
• one 0.5 millihenry 6300 amp reactor
• two 3 panel 33 kV AC switchboards, consisting of 3 x 33 kV AC circuit breakers each
• 1500 V DC circuit breakers
• provision for one 1500 DC cubicle
• battery bank and charger
• changeover panel
• distribution boards
• administration office and air conditioning plant
• staff toilet and hot water unit.
• Other ancillary equipment
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The external bunded yards containing the rectifier transformers and reactor would be connected to a common oil-water separator system, via flame trap pits within each bund. The yards would be designed to ensure that any oil spills are contained on-site within the bund.
The yards would incorporate Transport for NSW standard’s parallel footing beam plinths extending to the western wall, and fibreglass reinforced plastic grating installed flush with the top of the bund to provide an all-weather maintenance platform.
Figure 5.1 provides an overview of the layout of the proposal. Further information is provided by the drawings included in Appendix B.
5.1.2 Building design and form
The switch room would consist of a precast or cast in-situ concrete floor slab supported on concrete piers, with conduits connections to the external high voltage pits. This slab would form the roof of the cable chamber located below.
A fabricated steel framed support structure would be constructed over the cable chamber slab to support the switch room floor slabs.
The walls of the switch room would comprise load-bearing precast concrete panels with a tile facing resembling brickwork. These walls would have an anti-graffiti finish. The panels would be supported at cable chamber level, and would extend to roof level in single piece sections. The roof of the substation would consist of a galvanised steel frame supported by the wall panels and exposed internally (i.e. within the switch room), with the possible exception of a suspended plasterboard ceiling over the circuit breakers. The roof of the substation would be made of sheet metal deck, with insulation affixed to the underside.
The design of the proposed substation would continue to be refined during future design phases. The final design of the substation would integrate all relevant considerations, including:
• visual considerations
• functional and operational needs and requirements
• access and maintenance
• security.
The substation would be naturally ventilated, with louvres on the eastern and western facades to provide convection air flow across the building. Ventilation of the battery room would be determined during the detailed design stage.
5.1.3 Security fencing and lighting
The substation would be enclosed on three sides with a three metre high steel post and weldmesh fencing. The western side of the substation would be unfenced (i.e. the substation building’s western wall would form the western boundary of the substation site). Access along the rail corridor would be maintained.
The substation building would have wall mounted security lighting above each external door opening for night-time illumination. External yards lighting would be manually switched for night maintenance as required.
5.1.4 Operational site access and car parking
Vehicular access to the substation would be via the existing access road which runs within the railway corridor to the east of the rail lines. This access road can be accessed via locked gates off the access road to the sporting facilities located to the north of Wests League Club (accessed via the roundabout at O’Sullivan Road/Old Leumeah Road near Leumeah Station).
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This access road would be upgraded as part of the proposal to provide sufficient access to the proposal site during both construction and operation. The upgrade of this road would potentially involve regrading individual sections of the road, and sealing the entire length of the road between the access gate and the substation. To facilitate this, an existing aerial feeder located along the road would be relocated below the ground (refer to section 5.1.6).
Some upgrade works would be required at the existing access gate to make the gate suitable for access by large vehicles. These works would generally involve straightening the road at this location.
Access would be maintained along the rail corridor for other users.
A vehicle access gate and an adjacent personnel gate would be provided at the southern end of the site.
Parking for at least one vehicle would be provided within the site, adjacent to the southern transformer yard.
The substation building would be normally accessed via:
• entry to the switch room via external doors on the eastern side of the substation
• equipment access to the building would be via metallic roller doors on the western side.
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Figure 5.1 Proposed substation, connections to existing systems and construction compound
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5.1.5 Chemical storage
The following quantities of oil would be used within the oil-cooled transformers on-site, which would be located within the bunded areas:
• about 3,300 litres of oil in the reactor
• about 5,000 litres of oil in each of the two rectifier transformers.
The bunded areas would be designed and constructed in accordance with relevant Australian Standards. Each transformer would be positioned within its own bunded yard, which would be connected via complying sump and flame-trap arrangements to the common oil-water separator located at the northern end of the substation. The oil-water separator would collect all run off from the outdoor yards. The water would then be treated to separate oil and water. Oil would be removed from site for disposal at an appropriately licensed facility. Clean water from the separator would be discharged to McBarron Creek to the north (refer to section 5.1.7)
5.1.6 Connection to existing feeders and overhead wiring system
Relocation of existing feeder
As mentioned in section 5.1.4, the existing feeder within the rail corridor is required to be relocated to below ground to allow the access road to be upgraded. This would involve relocating the feeder to a trench between pole 209C (12 metres south of the Leumeah Substation) and pole 223 (30 metres south of the access gate near Leumeah Station).
Connection to existing feeders
The new substation would be connected to both the existing aerial feeder to the north of the substation, and the relocated feeder to the south. Connection of the substation to the existing aerial 33 kV feeders to the north of the substation would involve constructing a new 33 kV pole located about 100 metres north of Leumeah Substation. The feeder would then be trenched between this pole and the substation. The feeder would also be trenched from the substation to the relocated feeder (in trench) to in the vicinity of the existing pole 209C.
The location of the new poles and the new alignment of the feeders are shown in Figure 5.1.
Connection to overhead wiring system
Connection to the overhead wiring system would also be required. This would be achieved by installed cables in trenches from the proposed substation to the overhead wiring structure (with the code S51+314), which is located 20 metres south of the proposal site adjacent to the existing Leumeah Substation. For this connection, one feeder would be required to cross the rail corridor via a under track crossing to be constructed. This crossing would be located about 20 metres to the south of the proposed substation, adjacent to the existing Leumeah Substation.
5.1.7 Service connections and relocation
Service connections
Potable water and waste water
The proposal would also involve connections to Sydney Water’s wastewater and potable water networks.
A wastewater pipeline would be constructed to connect to the existing Sydney Water wastewater main, which is located about 330 metres to the south of the proposal site.
A potable water pipeline would be constructed to connect to the existing Sydney Water potable water main located on Pembroke Road. The pipeline alignment would extend about
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330 metres to the south of the proposal site along the rail corridor. The alignment would then turn east and travel through an existing easement (to be confirmed with Sydney Water) to Pembroke Road. The alignment would then turn north within the eastern side of the Pembroke Road road reserve, where it would connect to the existing main located about 220 metres to the north.
The proposed alignments of these pipelines, which would be at most 100 millimetres in diameter and constructed of polyvinyl chloride or copper are shown in Figure 5.1.
Stormwater
Stormwater from the proposal site would be managed by constructing a new grass swale drain along the eastern side of the proposal site. This swale would capture any overland flow from the east. The swale would have two discharge locations due to changes in topography in the vicinity of the proposal site:
• into McBarron Creek to the north - this would involve continuing the swale drain from the proposal site all the way to the proposed discharge location at the creek
• into an existing swale drain within the rail corridor to the south.
The proposed alignment of the swale drain is shown in Figure 5.1. The swale drain would be about two metres wide.
A discharge point for the clean water originating from the oil and water separator is also proposed. This would be constructed along the alignment of the swale drain and would be buried below the drain.
The discharge location at McBarron Creek would be finalised during the detailed design phase. The discharge structure would be designed to minimise the potential for erosion and sedimentation impacts.
Service relocations
Where practicable, relocation of services would be avoided. Communication and signalling cabling currently runs along the rail corridor. Some adjustments may be required in the vicinity of the proposal site, particularly in the vicinity of trenching activities. Such relocations would be confirmed during the detailed design phase in consultation with Sydney Trains.
The proposal is not expected to require any relocation of non-railway related services. In the event that detailed design identifies the need for any relocations, all relocations would be undertaken in consultation with the utility provider.
5.2 Decommissioning of Leumeah Substation
Following commissioning of the proposal, the existing Leumeah Substation (located about 10 metres south of the proposed substation) would be decommissioned. The decommissioning of this substation would involve the following works:
• removal of all redundant electrical equipment both within and external to the substation building
• removal of high voltage cables and cable trays
• other services (including the light and power conduits) would be capped off and retained
• remediation (if required) of any disturbed areas where hazardous materials are potentially present inside or outside the substation building.
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The substation building and the security fencing and gates would remain in place (i.e. not demolished). Should these structures need to be demolished at a later date, further environmental assessment would be required.
As part of the decommissioning works, the spans of the existing 33 kV feeder would be decommissioned and removed. The location of the feeder to be removed is shown in Figure 5.1. Some 1500 V cables would also be removed. The exact location of these cables would be confirmed during designed design. These cables would be located in the vicinity of the existing substation.
5.3 Construction information
5.3.1 Indicative construction activities
Construction would involve the following indicative works:
• order off-site prefabricated items
• site establishment:
– services relocation or protection works
– establishment of the construction compound (refer section 1.1.1)
– installation of safety fencing around the proposal site
– installation of erosion control measures
– vegetation removal and/or trimming, as required
• upgrade access road and relocated the existing feeder to below ground
• enabling works:
– install two new poles for realignment of 33 kV power supply
– install conduits (in trenches) to rail corridor for connections from the substation to the existing feeders
• benching of the site to provide a uniform east to west cross fall, including a low retaining wall on the eastern and northern sides
• trenching of water and wastewater mains from the proposal site to the connection points – trenches would be about 600 millimetres wide, with the depths varying depending on local ground conditions or other site requirements (e.g. clearance below access tracks)
• piling works and site excavation for in-ground services:
– use of piling rigs to construct the piles for the ground slab
– excavate building and bund yard areas for construction of in-ground pits and conduits
– excavate for oil/water separator tank and related services
• substation construction - involves delivery of the precast ground slabs, erecting the steel framed support structure, placing the floor slab, erecting the precast wall panels and installing the steel roof framing and roof sheeting
• electrical works and fit out, including connection to the electrical network - connection to the overhead wiring structures would require some trenching activities, the size and location of trenches would be confirmed during detailed design
• decommissioning of Leumeah Substation and associated spans of 33 kV feeders and 1500 V cables as identified during detailed design
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• restoration of disturbed areas and landscaping as required
• site clean-up.
Excavation would generate up to about 1,400 cubic metres of spoil which would need to be removed from the site.
5.3.2 Construction workforce
Construction of the proposal would involve a maximum workforce of about 20 people.
5.3.3 Equipment
Plant and equipment used to construct the proposal may include (but not be limited to):
• water cart
• concrete saws
• backhoes
• hand tools
• jack hammers
• light commercial and passenger vehicles
• mobile crane
• on-site crane
• low loader
• tip trucks
• concrete agitator trucks
• concrete pumps
• air compressor
• generators
• road sweepers
• large delivery trucks
• piling rig
5.3.4 Construction compound, access and vehicle movements
Construction compound
The construction compound would be located about 40 metres to the south of the proposed substation within a cleared section of the rail corridor. The construction compound would be positioned within this area to maintain access along the rail corridor for Sydney Trains personnel and also for vehicles needing to access the proposal site.
Once a contractor has been selected, the location of the construction compound would be reviewed. Should the preferred location differ from the location considered by this REF, consultation would be undertaken with Transport for NSW to confirm the suitability of the location and whether any additional environmental assessment is required.
The construction site and compound would be securely fenced with temporary fencing. Signage would be erected advising the general public of access restrictions. Upon completion of construction, the temporary site compound, work areas and any stockpiles would be removed and the site/s would be cleared of all rubbish and materials, and then rehabilitated.
Construction access and parking
Construction vehicles would access the site via the existing access road located within the rail corridor, off the access road to the sporting fields near Leumeah Station. The access road would be upgraded early in the construction program to provide suitable access for large construction vehicles.
Construction vehicles would park within the construction compound or within the construction area at the substation site. Additional Sydney Trains land located to the north of the compound could also be used as overflow parking if required. Parking would be limited to previously cleared areas.
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Access to private property would be required to construct (trench) the water pipeline. This access would be organised by the contractor. Works would also occur along Pembroke Road to install the pipeline. These works would be located away from the operational roadway, within the grassed verge.
Vehicle movements
Construction would generate heavy vehicle movements associated with the transportation of construction machinery, equipment and materials to the site. Light vehicle movements would be associated with employees and smaller deliveries.
The amount of construction vehicle movements would depend on the final design and method of construction. The maximum daily movements would be about:
• two heavy vehicles during the construction period – resulting in four movements per day
• eight heavy vehicles during concrete pours – resulting in 16 movements per day
• two heavy vehicles during the construction of pipeline for delivery of pipe sections) – resulting in four vehicle movements per day
• four to six heavy vehicles for the delivery of precast components – resulting in eight to 12 movements per day
• 10 heavy vehicles for the upgrade of the access road – resulting in a maximum of 20 movements per day
• 10 heavy vehicles for decommissioning works – resulting in a maximum of 10 movements per day for a period of up to five days
• 20 light vehicles during the construction period – resulting in 40 movements per day.
The delivery of some equipment, such as transformers, would be considered oversized deliveries. These deliveries would be undertaken in accordance with the requirements of relevant authorities.
5.3.5 Construction timing, staging and work hours
Construction timing
It is anticipated that construction of the proposal would commence in mid to late 2015, and would take around 12 months to construct. The main civil construction activities would be completed within nine months, while the fit out of the substation would take three months. The proposed substation would be required to be operational by September 2016. The decommissioning works at the existing Leumeah Substation would take up to about three to four weeks.
Work hours
Construction would occur during the standard hours set out in the Interim Construction Noise Guideline (DEC, 2009):
• Mondays to Fridays between 7 am and 6 pm
• Saturdays between 8 am and 1 pm
• no work would occur on Sundays or public holidays.
Out of hours works (including work on Sundays) would be limited mainly to scheduled track possession periods, however some out of hours works would be required outside of these periods. Works that may need to be undertaken during track possessions and out of hours include connection to the overhead wiring system, installation of certain electrical equipment, and delivery of oversized equipment.
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If out of hours work is required, the contractor would obtain approval from Transport for NSW. All of out of hours work would be undertaken in accordance with the Construction Noise Strategy (Transport for NSW, 2012a).
Track possession periods
The proposal involves some works during track possession periods, including connection works and the decommissioning of Leumeah Substation. General building works would not require any track possession periods. A number of predetermined possession periods would be available. In the event that additional special possessions are required, these would be arranged in consultation with Sydney Trains. Controlled power outages, which may need to occur out of hours, would also be required during construction.
5.4 Operation of the proposal
The main function of the substation would be to convert the incoming 33 kV power supply to a form which can be used by rolling stock on the Sydney Trains network. The substation would operate 24 hours a day to ensure that power supply is provided to the network at all times.
No permanent staff members would be located on-site.
Maintenance activities would involve about two visits each month. These visits would generally consist of one utility vehicle accessing the site. In emergency situations additional vehicles may need to access the site.
As a result of the proposed upgrades to the access road, the site would be accessible by large vehicles. There is adequate space for large vehicles to turn around to the south of the proposed substation.
5.5 Sustainability
A sustainability assessment was undertaken as part of the design process in March 2014 in accordance with the Transport for NSW Sustainability Design Guidelines version 3.0 (Transport for NSW, 2013). Under the guidelines, the proposal is considered to be a ‘maintenance facility’.
A number of themes were considered in the assessment including:
• energy and greenhouse
• climate resilience
• materials and waste
• biodiversity and heritage
• water
• pollution control
• community benefit.
The assessment identified discretionary and compulsory initiatives that could be incorporated into the project.
Compulsory initiatives may relate to a corporate target or are considered to be fundamental to the delivery of sustainable assets. If an initiative is considered applicable, then it must be completed.
A discretionary initiative may not be practical for a particular project or be the most appropriate initiative to meet a sustainability outcome. Written justification must be provided if a discretionary initiative has not been selected for implementation.
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The assessment identified nine compulsory initiatives and 40 discretionary initiatives that relate to either design or construction or both.
The current rating of the proposal (in accordance with the guidelines and at this reference design phase) is a ‘silver’ sustainability in design rating.
An assessment of the project against the guidelines would also need to be undertaken during the detailed design phase to ensure that the final design maintains this silver rating.
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6 Community and stakeholder consultation
This section summarises stakeholder consultation undertaken as an input to development of the proposal and the REF.
6.1 Consultation framework
6.1.1 Consultation for the PSU Program
The PSU Program has been underway since it was initiated by RailCorp in 2005. Since its inception, more than 20 projects have been completed and about 20 are currently under construction. These projects include development of a number of substations across the Sydney Trains rail network. Delivery of the program was transferred to Transport for NSW in July 2012.
Since taking responsibility for the program, Transport for NSW has undertaken consultation for various PSU projects. The approach to consultation is guided by Transport for NSW’s Community Engagement Policy (April, 2012), which notes the agency’s commitment to:
• identify and, where possible, respond to the needs of the community
• provide opportunities to encourage community feedback
• keep the community regularly informed of the progress of our projects
• provide easily accessible information
• encourage a sense of community ownership of the projects we deliver
• be transparent in all that we do
• maximise community understanding of our role and the rationale for the projects we deliver.
6.1.2 Consultation for Minto Substation
Communications plan
A consultation strategy for the development of the Minto substation (the Minto, Ingleburn and Guildford Substations REF Communications Plan) has been developed by GHD in consultation with Transport for NSW.
The purpose of this plan is to describe the management and communication processes that will be employed to provide information and seek community input to design and assessment of the proposed substations at Minto.
Consultation objectives
The plan states that the overall objective of consultation is to ensure that key stakeholders and the broader community are aware of the project and are given the opportunity to express their views. The plan identifies the following objectives for consultation:
• identify the impact of the proposed works on internal and external stakeholders, customers, residents and the community
• assist with staff resource planning and allocation
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• reassure internal and external stakeholders that Transport for NSW is meeting its expectations regarding professional management practice in the delivery of our capital and maintenance work programs
• provide a proactive approach to managing issues regarding communication/information flow
• enhance Transport for NSW working relationship with its customers, residents and the community when undertaking essential capital or maintenance works; and
• maintain information flow amongst client/ sponsor, suppliers and other stakeholders to ensure that their requirements and expectations of the project are met.
Consultation and communication activities
As outlined in section 3.2.1, formal statutory consultation under the Infrastructure SEPP is not required.
The communication plan provides for the following consultation activities:
• meetings and briefings with key stakeholders
• making the REF available on Transport for NSW website at http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/projects-power-supply-upgrade-program
• community information sheets to coincide with the REF display.
The following key stakeholders have been contacted by telephone to date:
• Campbelltown Council
• Sydney Trains
• Sydney Water.
No concerns regarding the proposal have been raised to date. Input provided has mainly been in relation to design requirements (such as connections with Sydney Water’s network).
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7 Environmental impact assessment
This section summarises the environmental impact assessment undertaken for the proposal and includes summaries of the specialist studies undertaken.
7.1 Soils and water quality
7.1.1 Existing environment
Geology, topography and soils
Mapping available on the Department of Lands Spatial Information Exchange Website shows that the proposal site is located at an approximate elevation of 50 metres Australian Height Datum (AHD). The surrounding area is generally flat, with a rise to 100 metres AHD towards the east.
The Wollongong - Port Hacking 1:100 000 Geological Map (Stroud W.J., et al., 1985) indicates that the proposal site is underlain by Triassic aged Ashfield Shale. This is composed of laminate and dark-grey siltstone.
In addition, quaternary aged alluvium is present near to the site, comprising quartz and lithic ‘fluvial’ sand, silt and clay, associated with the nearby creeks.
Reference to the Wollongong-Port Hacking 1:100,000 Soil Landscape Series Sheet (Hazelton and Tille, 1990), shows that the site is underlain by residual soils of the Blacktown Group. This includes gently undulating rises on Wianamatta Group shales with slope gradients generally less than five per cent. The landscape includes broad rounded crests and ridges with gentle slopes. The soils are moderately deep hardsetting soils with a mottled texture contrast on crests grading to yellow podzolic soil on lower slopes and along drainage lines.
A search of the Mine Subsidence Board maps on 28 March 2014 indicated that the proposal site is not within a proclaimed Mine Subsidence District.
Contamination
A search of the Environmental Protection Authority’s (EPA) Contaminated Land Record was undertaken on 5 March 2014 for the suburb of Minto. No contaminated sites were identified in the vicinity of the proposal site. A search of the list of NSW contaminated sites notified to the EPA was also searched for the suburb of Minto. Four sites were identified within Minto; none of which are located within the vicinity of the substation site. There is potential for one site to be located along the Pembroke Road as the exact location of this site cannot be determined, this would potentially be in the vicinity of the proposed water pipeline. Due to nearby land uses it is not considered that this site is located adjacent to the proposal site on Pembroke Road.
Contamination investigations undertaken as part this proposal (GHD, 2014b) did not identify any contamination within the proposal site.
Drainage and watercourses
The proposal site is relatively flat and any surface water drains to the north towards McBarron Creek, which is located about 130 metres to the north. McBarron Creek drains to Bow Bowing Creek, located about 600 metres to the west, which eventually joins the Georges River. In the vicinity of the proposal site, the McBarron Creek bed has been substantially modified. It flows in a westerly direction through Pembroke Park, into a constructed channel/culvert under the rail lines (shown in Figure 7.1).
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Within Pembroke Park, the creek exhibits natural features including ponded areas, rocky outcrops and riparian vegetation.
Figure 7.1 Images of McBarron Creek
Creek features within Pembroke Park Constructed channel/culvert under rail corridor
Groundwater
A search of the Natural Resources Atlas on 5 March 2014 identified that there are three registered boreholes located within 700 to 800 metres east of the proposal site along McBarron Creek. The average standing water level in these varied between 1.4 and 6.3 metres below ground level.
Groundwater was not identified during geotechnical investigations at the proposal site (GHD, 2014). A groundwater monitoring well was also installed to a depth of 4.7 metres. No groundwater has been detected during sampling undertaken to date.
Water quality
The quality of surface water runoff in the vicinity of the proposal site is impacted by existing land uses, including the operation of the rail corridor and surrounding industrial area.
7.1.2 Impact assessment
Construction
Construction of the proposal would involve disturbance to the ground surface to construct the slab, access driveway, water/wastewater pipelines and other underground services. Small stockpiles of excavated soil would be created during construction.
In accordance with the Sustainable Design Guidelines, opportunities would be investigated for the reuse of 90 percent of excavated, non-contaminated, spoil. The spoil would be reused on-site where possible to either backfill excavations or during site levelling works. Excess spoil (up to about 1,400 cubic metres) not suitable for backfilling would be stockpiled in a suitable location prior to being tested, classified, and disposed of at an appropriately licensed facility.
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Soil disturbance
Excavation and stockpiling activities, if not adequately managed, could have the following impacts:
• erosion of exposed soil and stockpiled materials
• dust generation from excavation and vehicle movements over exposed soil
• an increase in sediment loads entering the stormwater system and/or local runoff, and therefore nearby receiving waterways (McBarron Creek).
These impacts are considered to be minimal, as exposure of soil and the stockpiling of spoil would be temporary and short-term in duration and in accordance with the Sustainable Design Guidelines, opportunities would be sought to reuse 90 percent of excavated, non-contaminated spoil. Excess spoil (up to 1,400 cubic metres) not required or able to be reused on site would be stockpiled in a suitable location. It would either be reused elsewhere (if appropriate) or removed from the proposal site, and disposed of at an appropriately licensed facility.
Regrading of the access road would potentially generate up to about 800 cubic metres of material. This amount is considered to be less as some sections of the road would not require regrading as they in an adequate condition. Excess material would be spread over the road surface where possible to minimise the need to remove excess spoil.
Contamination
The approach to managing any contaminated finds would be specified in the construction environmental management plan (CEMP). This includes any contaminated/hazardous material identified within Leumeah Substation during the decommissioning works. This material would be removed from site and treated or disposed of at a licensed facility, and the site would be remediated where required.
The proposal would have the potential to result in soil and water contamination via any accidental fuel or chemical spills from plant and equipment. The installation and commissioning of electrical equipment (for example, the transformers) would involve injecting oils and other chemicals on-site.
The proposal would also involve the removal of redundant equipment as part of the decommissioning of Leumeah Substation, which would contain oils and other chemicals. The potential for impacts as a result of any spills or leaks would be managed by the implementation of measures provided in section 7.1.3.
Groundwater
As outlined in Section 7.1.1, no groundwater was encountered during geotechnical investigations. Therefore construction is unlikely to encounter groundwater.
Contamination of groundwater may occur through the seepage from material and waste stockpiles, or spills of fuels, oils or other chemicals.
Any impacts to groundwater during construction would be temporary and are unlikely to be significant as a result of the small scale of the works. Mitigation measures would be implemented to minimise groundwater inflow into excavations. Excavations would be backfilled progressively to limit groundwater inflow.
Provided the mitigation measures in section 7.1.3 are implemented, impacts to groundwater are not considered to be significant.
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Operation
The proposal involves constructing a new discharge location at McBarron Creek for stormwater discharges from the site. Only clean water would be discharged at this location. It would consist of either redirected overland flows or clean water from the oil and water separator tank. As a result, no water quality impacts (as a result of the introduction of any contaminants) are anticipated. However, there would be the potential for erosion, sedimentation and scour issues, if uncontrolled discharge of stormwater was permitted. The detailed design of the discharge structure would incorporate suitable features (such as scour protection) to minimise the potential for erosion and sedimentation impacts.
As noted in section 5.1.5, bunding would be incorporated into the design of the proposal to contain any chemical spills or leaks.
7.1.3 Mitigation measures
Detailed design
The measures provided below would be implemented during detailed design:
• The stormwater discharge structure at McBarron Creek would be designed to minimise the potential for erosion and sedimentation (e.g. incorporating scour protection) using soft engineering options in accordance with ‘Why do fish need to cross the road: Fish passage requirements for waterway crossings’ (Department of Primary Industries 2003).
Construction
The measures provided below would be implemented during construction:
• A soils and water quality sub-plan would be prepared as part of the CEMP. It would include the following measures:
– Sediment and erosion control devices would be installed to minimise transport of sediment in accordance with Managing Urban Stormwater, Soils & Construction (Landcom, 2004). These devices would be inspected regularly and immediately after rainfall to ensure effectiveness over the duration of works. Any damage to erosion and sediment controls would be rectified immediately.
– Maintenance and checking of the erosion and sedimentation controls would be undertaken on a regular basis and any subsequent records retained. Sediment would be cleared from behind barriers/sand bags on a regular basis as required and all controls would be managed to ensure they work effectively at all times.
– Any soils excavated that are to be used as backfill would be appropriately stored until required.
– Disturbed areas would be restored at the completion of works.
– Spill kits would be maintained on-site at all times.
– Machinery would be checked daily to ensure that no oil, fuel or other liquids are leaking.
– Refuelling of plant and equipment would not be undertaken within the proposal site.
– All water discharges would be undertaken in accordance with Transport for NSW’s Water Discharge and Re-use Guideline (2012c).
– The existing drainage systems would remain operational during construction.
– Clean water would be diverted around the worksite in accordance with Managing Urban Stormwater, Soils & Construction.
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• An ‘unexpected finds protocol’ would be prepared and included in the CEMP to assist with the identification, assessment, management, health and safety implications, remediation and/or disposal (at an appropriately licenced facility) of any potentially contaminated soil and/or water.
• In the event that indicators of contamination are encountered during construction (such as odours or visually contaminated materials), work in the area would cease until an occupational hygienist can advise on the need for remediation or other action.
• If dewatering is required during construction it would be undertaken in accordance with Transport for NSW’s Water Discharge and Re-use Guideline (2012c).
Operation
No mitigation measures are required.
7.2 Flora and fauna
7.2.1 Assessment approach and methodology
A desktop assessment, involving searches of relevant databases, was undertaken to determine the potential conservation significance of vegetation within the study area, and to identify the likelihood that any threatened flora and fauna species, populations and ecological communities would be present. A database search radius of 10 kilometres was used. This search area is referred to as ‘the locality’ for the purposes of this section.
The results were confirmed by a site inspection undertaken by a GHD ecologist on 28 February 2014. The purpose of the inspection was to identify whether any native vegetation or potential habitat (for threatened or migratory biota listed under the TSC and/or EPBC Acts) was present on or near the proposal site.
Following collation of database records, species and community profiles, a ‘likelihood of occurrence’ assessment was prepared with reference to the broad habitats contained within the wider area. This was further refined following field surveys.
The results of the desktop assessment and likelihood of occurrence assessment are provided in Appendix C.
7.2.2 Existing environment
Desktop assessment results
The searches indicated that 11 threatened ecological communities, 25 threatened flora species, one endangered flora population and 43 threatened fauna species have been previously recorded or are predicted to occur within the locality (i.e. search area). A review of previous vegetation mapping did not indicate any native vegetation within the proposal site. The critically endangered ecological community Cumberland Plain Woodland is mapped in Pembroke Park, about 100 metres to the north of the proposal site (NPWS, 2002).
Field survey results - flora
The proposal site consists of regrowth vegetation, including cleared grassland of predominantly exotic species with scattered regenerating native midstorey and canopy species including regenerating juvenile Forest Red Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis) as well as scattered Black Wattle (Acacia decurrens). The midstorey and understorey are dominated by exotic species, including noxious weeds. It is likely that the proposal site and surrounds has been previously cleared (potentially during construction of the rail line), given that there is no remnant native vegetation.
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Despite its poor condition, some of the regrowth vegetation within the proposal site is commensurate with the River-flat Eucalypt Forest endangered ecological community listed under the TSC Act. This is due to characteristic flora species being present, and the occurrence of better condition intact River-flat Eucalypt Forest vegetation to the north of the proposal site. The TSC Act determination for River-flat Eucalypt Forest notes that degraded forms of the community are considered to form part of the endangered ecological community, including regrowth and modified patches.
A range of weed species were identified within the proposal site, including Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), Bridal creeper (Asparagus asparagoides), and Lantana (Lantana camara). These are listed by Council as Class 4 noxious weeds.
Vegetation within and surrounding the proposal site is shown in Figure 7.2 and Figure 7.3.
The proposed water and wastewater pipelines would be located within areas of exotic vegetation comprising exotic grassland, and cleared land that does not support any native vegetation. Electrical connections would be located along the access road to the north of the proposal site avoiding areas of native vegetation. No suitable habitat for any predicted threatened flora species exists along these routes.
Field survey results - fauna
The proposal site does not contain any habitat of high value for any native fauna species. The small area of regrowth native vegetation and exotic grassland would provide only a very limited area of potential foraging habitat for common native fauna typical of urban parks and gardens, such as the Noisy Miner (Manorina melanocephala), Australian Raven (Corvus coronoides) and grass skinks (Lampropholis spp.).
The lack of intact native vegetation and relevant foraging resources within the proposal site, combined with the landscape context and proximity to the rail corridor and industrial areas, mean that there is no suitable habitat for threatened flora or fauna or migratory species within the proposal site. While the vegetation type is broadly suitable for the Cumberland Plain Land Snail, the presence of dense exotic grass species and blackberry in the understorey render the site unsuitable for this species.
The routes for the proposed water and wastewater pipelines do not include any intact native vegetation, and do not provide suitable habitat for any predicted threatened fauna species. The exotic grassland and cleared areas would provide very limited potential basking and foraging habitat for common native fauna such as grass skinks (Lampropholis spp.).
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Figure 7.2 Images of existing vegetation on the proposal site
Existing vegetation on-site facing south
Existing vegetation on-site facing north
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Figure 7.3 Existing vegetation
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7.2.3 Impact assessment
Construction
It is estimated that construction of the proposal and ancillary infrastructure/pipeline connections would require clearing and/or disturbance of:
• a small area (about 0.17 hectares) of vegetation considered to be classified as low condition modified regrowth River-flat Eucalypt Forest endangered ecological community
• about 1.3 hectares of exotic/highly modified vegetation.
The above calculations are considered to be worst case and assume that all vegetation within the proposal site and associated infrastructure corridors shown in Figure 5.1 would be removed. However, where practicable, vegetation would be retained.
An assessment of the potential significance of impacts on the River-flat Eucalypt Forest endangered ecological community was undertaken in accordance with section 5A of the TSC Act. The assessment concluded that the proposal would not result in a significant impact on this community. This is a result of the small area that would be impacted by the proposal, and the highly modified and degraded condition of the vegetation, which is unlikely to be important to the long-term survival of the community in the locality. The results of this assessment are provided in Appendix C.
The proposal site and locations for the water and wastewater pipelines, and electrical connections are highly modified and the vegetation does not provide suitable habitat for any threatened species listed under the TSC Act and EPBC Act. The construction of the proposal would require the removal of a small number of native shrubs including a juvenile Forest Red Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis) and Black Wattle (Acacia decurrens); as well as exotic herbaceous species from the understorey. This would have a negligible impact on native fauna within the surrounding area.
The indicative locations of underground service connections, as shown in Figure 5.1, would be further developed during detailed design. The final locations would be selected to avoid impacts on native vegetation by positioning services in previously disturbed areas.
No habitat or resources of relevance for threatened or migratory fauna are present, and threatened and/or migratory species are not expected to occur in the proposal site. Furthermore, the proposal is not likely to result in indirect impacts on areas of higher quality native vegetation and fauna habitat located further north of the proposal site, given the location of the proposal site and the modified nature of its immediate surrounds.
The proposal would not have a significant impact on threatened or migratory biota and there is no requirement for referral to the Commonwealth Minister for the Environment based on ecological grounds.
Operation
Operation of the proposal would not result in any impacts on flora and fauna.
7.2.4 Mitigation measures
Construction
The measures provided below would be implemented during construction:
• Weeds would be managed and disposed of in accordance with the requirements of the Noxious Weeds Act 1993 and/or the Weeds of National Significance Weed Management Guide.
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• Access to the site and the extent of vegetation clearing would be restricted to the proposal site as identified in Figure 7.3 and locations for trenching associated with the proposed connections, as identified in Figure 5.1.
• Stockpile or laydown areas would be placed in existing cleared areas within the construction compound.
• The area would be checked for fauna prior to disturbing/clearing vegetation.
• All cleared vegetation would be replaced and/or offset in accordance with the following unless otherwise agreed with or directed by Transport for NSW:
– Sydney Trains’ Biodiversity Offset Calculator and for non-significant impacts on vegetation within the rail corridor.
• All vegetation planted on-site would consist of locally endemic native species, unless otherwise agreed with Transport for NSW, following consultation with Council where relevant, and/or the owner of the land upon which the vegetation is to be planted.
Operation
No mitigation measures are required.
7.3 Noise and vibration
7.3.1 Assessment approach and methodology
A desktop assessment was undertaken, involving derivation of noise and vibration criteria, estimates of potential impacts, and an assessment of these potential impacts in relation to the criteria identified.
Noise compliance criteria for construction and operation were derived from the Interim Construction Noise Guideline (ICNG) (DECC, 2009) and the Industrial Noise Policy (INP) (EPA, 2000). These criteria were used to qualitatively assess operational and construction noise impacts.
Currently, there is no Australian Standard that sets criteria for the assessment of building damage caused by vibration. Guidance of limiting vibration values is attained with reference to BS 5228.2 – 2009, Code of Practice for noise and vibration on construction and open sites – Part 2: Vibration and DIN 4150-3: 1999 Structural Vibration – Part 3: Effects of vibration on structures.
The nearest residential receivers are located about 400 metres east of the proposal site. Due to the distance between the proposal site and the nearest residential receivers, background noise monitoring was not undertaken.
7.3.2 Existing environment
The noise environment of the study area is dominated by surrounding industrial activities and the movement of passenger and freight trains along the rail corridor.
The nearest sensitive residential area is located about 400 metres to the east of the proposal site in the suburb of Leumeah. Residential areas are shielded to the west by the large factory buildings located in the industrial areas to the west of Pembroke Road. Residential dwellings along Pembroke Road would be located at least 30 metres from the construction site for the proposed water pipeline (subject to the final alignment).
Other sensitive receivers include employees in the adjacent Austrak Business Park and users of Pembroke Park (playground facilities are located in the north-east of the park). Sensitive receivers are shown on Figure 2.1.
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7.3.3 Noise and vibration criteria
In the absence of background noise monitoring, the following rating background levels (RBLs) were used to establish operational and construction criteria:
• day: 50 decibels (A)
• evening: 45 decibels (A)
• night: 40 decibels (A).
AS1055 -1997 Part 2: Acoustics – Description and measurement of Environmental Noise, describes these levels as relevant to an area with medium density transportation or some commerce or industry.
Construction noise
Recommended standard hours are defined as:
• Monday to Friday: 7 am to 6 pm
• Saturday: 8 am to 1 pm
• no work on Sundays or public holidays.
Outside standard hours the following definitions are used:
• ‘day’ is defined as 1 pm to 6 pm on Saturday, 8 am to 6 pm on Sunday, and public holidays
• ‘evening’ is defined as 6 pm to 10 pm every day
• ‘night’ is defined as 10 pm to 7 am Monday to Saturday, and 10 pm to 8 am on Sunday and public holidays.
Table 7.1 details the ICNG construction noise management levels at sensitive land uses and receivers in the vicinity of the proposal site.
Table 7.1 Construction noise management levels
Land use Management level, LAeq(15min) (dB(A)) (when in use)
Comments
Residential – during recommended standard hours (noise affected)
60 May be some community reaction to noise
Residential – during recommended standard hours (highly noise affected)
75 May be strong community reaction to noise
Residential – outside recommended standard hours (noise affected)
Day: 55 Evening: 45 Night: 40
Strong justification usually required for work outside recommended standard hours. Reasonable and feasible measures should be applied, to meet the noise affected level.
Passive recreation areas 60
Industrial premises 75
Offices and retail outlets 70
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For recommended standard hours:
• The ‘noise affected level’ represents the point above which there may be some community reaction to noise. Where the predicted or measured LAeq(15min) is greater than the noise affected level, the proponent should apply all feasible and reasonable work practices to meet the noise affected level. The proponent should also inform all potentially impacted residents of the nature of works to be carried out, the expected noise levels and duration, as well as contact details.
• The ‘highly noise affected level’ represents the point above which there may be strong community reaction to noise. Where noise is above this level, the relevant authority may require respite periods by restricting the hours that the very noisy activities can occur, taking into account:
– times identified by the community when they are less sensitive to noise (such as before and after school for works near schools, or mid-morning or mid-afternoon for works near residences
– if the community is prepared to accept a longer period of construction in exchange for restrictions on construction times.
Operation noise
Table 7.2 presents the operational noise criteria for the proposal based on the INP.
Table 7.2 Operational noise criteria at sensitive receivers and other land uses
Receiver Time period Amenity criteria (acceptable noise level) LAeq(period)
RBL, LAeq(15min)
Intrusive criteria, LAeq(15min)
Proposal specific noise criteria (external)
Residential receivers (Pembroke Road)1
Day 65 50 55 55 LAeq(day)
Evening 55 45 50 50 LAeq(evening)
Night 50 40 45 45 LAeq(night)
Pembroke Park When in use 50 - - 50 LAeq(period)
Industrial premises When in use 70 - - 70 LAeq(period)
Note 1: Based on the INP ‘noise amenity area’ classification, the residential receivers closest to the proposal site have been classified as ‘urban/industrial interface’.
Sleep disturbance has been assessed using a screening level of background noise level plus 15 dB(A), which is consistent with the INP application notes and the Sydney Trains Environmental Management System Guide Noise and Vibration from Rail Facilities (Sydney Trains, 2013).
Vibration criteria
Table 7.3 and Table 7.4 provide the vibration criteria for human comfort and structural damage. The criteria have been sourced from BS 5228.2 – 2009, Code of Practice for noise and vibration on construction and open sites – Part 2: Vibration and DIN 4150-3: 1999 Structural Vibration – Part 3: Effects of vibration on structures.
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Table 7.3 Guidance on effects of vibration levels for human comfort (BS 5228.2 – 2009)
Vibration level Effect0.14 mm/s Vibration might be just perceptible in the most sensitive situations for most
vibration frequencies associated with construction.
0.3 mm/s Vibration might be just perceptible in residential environments.
1.0 mm/s It is likely that vibration at this level in residential environments will cause complaints, but can be tolerated if prior warning and explanation has been given to residents.
10 mm/s Vibration is likely to be intolerable for any more than a very brief exposure.
Table 7.4 Guideline values for short-term vibration on structures (DIN 4150-3–1999)
Type of structure Guideline values for velocity, (mm/s)
1 Hz to 10 Hz
10 Hz to 50 Hz
50 Hz to 100 Hz1
Buildings used for commercial purposes, industrial buildings, and buildings of similar design.
20 20 to 40 40 to 50
Dwellings and buildings of similar design and/or occupancy. 5 5 to 15 15 to 20
Structures that, because of their particular sensitivity to vibration, cannot be classified under lines 1 and 2 and are of great intrinsic value (for example heritage listed buildings).
3 3 to 8 8 to 10
Note 1: At frequencies above 100 Hz the values given in this column may be used as minimum values.
7.3.4 Impact assessment
Construction
Potential construction noise impacts have been calculated for likely construction equipment based on the Construction Noise Strategy (Transport for NSW, 2012a) and AS2436 – 2010 Guide to noise and vibration control on construction, demolition and maintenance sites. It is noted that while other equipment may be used, it is anticipated that they would produce similar levels of noise emissions. The results are presented in Table 7.5.
Table 7.5 Predicted construction noise levels
Construction stage
Equipment Predicted noise level based on distance in metres from noise source (dB(A))
25 50 100 150 200 250 300 400Site clearing Bulldozer 72 66 60 56 54 52 50 48
Dump truck 72 66 60 56 54 52 50 48
Excavator 69 63 57 53 51 49 47 45
Combined 76 70 64 60 58 56 54 52
Earthworks Excavator 69 63 57 53 51 49 47 45
Compactor 77 71 65 61 59 57 55 53
Dump truck 72 66 60 56 54 52 50 48
Combined 79 73 67 63 61 59 57 55
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Construction stage
Equipment Predicted noise level based on distance in metres from noise source (dB(A))
25 50 100 150 200 250 300 400Substation construction
Concrete truck 72 66 60 56 54 52 50 48
Piling 74 68 62 58 56 54 52 50
Mobile crane 68 62 56 52 50 48 46 44
Small machinery (e.g. Jackhammer, concrete saw)
82 76 70 66 64 62 60 58
Road truck 71 65 59 55 53 51 49 47
Combined 83 77 71 68 65 63 62 59
A qualitative assessment of the potential impacts associated with the use of the equipment listed in Table 7.5 is presented in Table 7.6.
Table 7.6 Construction noise qualitative impact assessment
Noise source
Noise heard at receivers Is examination of work practices necessary?
Is noise loud, in absolute terms, or relative to other noises in the area?
Does the noise include tones or impulses?
Does the noise occur at times that interfere with sleep or comfort?
Bulldozer Yes Yes – reversing alarms No Yes
Trucks Yes Yes – reversing alarms No Yes
Excavator Yes Yes – reversing alarms No Yes
Compactor Yes Yes – reversing alarms No Yes
Mobile crane Yes Yes – reversing alarms No Yes
Piling Yes No No Yes
Jackhammer Yes Yes No Yes
Given the distance to the nearest residential receiver (about 400 metres) and the shielding provided by the industrial buildings, residential receivers are not expected to experience any construction noise or vibration impacts associated with construction at the proposal site.
Noise levels may exceed the criteria for employees at the Austrak Business Park and users of Pembroke Park. However, these exceedances would be minor, short-term and limited to the duration of the construction period.
Construction of the proposed pipeline along Pembroke Road and the operation of plant and machinery would result in some noise impacts to sensitive residential receivers located to the east of Pembroke Road. These impacts are not considered to be significant for the following reasons:
• works would be undertaken during standard work hours
• works would be short-term in duration and would move progressively along the proposal site, meaning that no one receiver would be impacted for an extended period of time.
The proposal would be unlikely to result in vibration impacts. It is not anticipated that the predicted magnitude of ground vibrations during construction would be sufficient to cause damage to any buildings in the vicinity of the proposal or human comfort impacts.
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The low level of vehicle movements associated with construction activities are not expected to lead to noise impacts.
Some construction activities (such as connecting to the overhead wiring equipment and installing certain electrical equipment) may need to be undertaken outside the standard construction hours. These activities would need to occur during scheduled track possession periods. These activities are not expected to cause adverse noise impacts at sensitive receivers.
The proposal would include the use of oversized vehicles to deliver large pieces of equipment such as transformers. The delivery of this equipment may need to be undertaken at night in accordance with NSW Police, RMS and/or Council requirements. The impacts of this are considered to be manageable and would be limited to a very small number of nights.
Appropriate measures have been provided in section 7.3.5 to minimise the potential for noise and vibration impacts.
Operation
Potential operational noise sources would include:
• two rectifier transformers
• two rectifiers
• direct current circuit breaker (DCCB)
• two auxiliary transformers.
Potential noise levels from these sources are provided in Table 7.7. These noise levels are within the range of values provided by Sydney Trains in the Sydney Trains Environmental Management System Guide Noise and Vibration from Rail Facilities (Sydney Trains, 2013).
Any emergency alarms are considered one-off events and have not been included in this assessment. Staff would occasionally access the site out of normal business hours to perform maintenance works. Vehicle movements associated with servicing and maintenance would be infrequent and are not expected to cause noise impacts. Therefore no operational traffic noise impacts are anticipated at sensitive receivers.
Table 7.7 Equipment noise sources, dB(A)
Equipment Noise level Source of dataRectifier LAeq 60 dB(A)
Internal sound pressure levelMeasurement data from GHD Erskineville traction substation site visit
Rectifier transformer
LAeq 79 dB(A) Sound power level
Based on CadnaA transformer noise equations. Confirmed by measurements undertaken on 10 February 2010 at the Erskineville traction substation.
Auxiliary transformer
LAeq 60 dB(A) Sound power level
DCCB LAmax 113 dB(A) Internal sound pressure level
Measurement data from the Waverton traction substation noise assessment
As rectifier and transformer noise levels fluctuate with loading, worst-case noise levels have been used for assessment purposes, even though it is unlikely that the transformers would be under maximum load during the night time period.
Predicted operational noise levels at various distances are presented in Table 7.8. Noise attenuation from building components has been taken into account when calculating the DCCB tripping noise levels. A conservative attenuation of 15 dB(A) from building components is expected.
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Table 7.8 Predicted operational noise levels
Equipment Noise levels at different distance from noise source (dB(A)25 m 50 m 100 m 150 m 200 m 250 m 300 m 400 m
Normal operations (LAeq) 51 45 39 35 33 31 29 27
DCCB tripping (LAmax) 62 56 50 46 44 42 40 38
The results indicate that operational noise criteria would be met at all sensitive receivers. No sleep disturbance impacts from DCCB tripping are expected.
There would be no vibration impacts associated with the operation of the proposal.
7.3.5 Mitigation measures
Construction
A noise and vibration management plan would be prepared as part of the CEMP in accordance with the Construction Noise Strategy (Transport for NSW, 2012a). It would include the following measures:
• Mitigation measures documented in Construction Noise Strategy (Transport for NSW, 2012a) would be adopted where feasible and reasonable.
• Sensitive receivers would be identified and marked on plans.
• Works would be scheduled during recommended standard hours where practicable.
• All equipment and construction methodologies would be selected to minimise noise emissions.
• Equipment would be fitted with appropriate silencers and be in good working order.
• Machines found to produce excessive noise compared to normal industry expectations would be removed from the site or stood down until repairs or modifications can be made. All site workers would be educated as to the potential for noise impacts on sensitive receivers and land uses and encouraged to take practical and reasonable measures to minimise impact during the course of their activities. This would include toolbox talks covering:
– avoid the use of outdoor radios during the night period
– avoid shouting and slamming doors
– where practicable, machines would be operated at low speed or power and switched off when not being used, rather than left idling for prolonged periods
– avoiding dropping materials from height and metal to metal contact where practicable.
• Truck drivers would be informed of designated vehicle routes, parking locations and the requirement to minimise engine idling.
• Non-tonal reversing beepers (or an equivalent mechanism) would be used by construction vehicles and plant.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 45
• If out of hours works are required, the contractor would prepare and submit a Transport for NSW Out of Hours Work Assessment (3TP-PR-065) and Application Form (9TP-FT-079) for approval prior to the works being undertaken. All out of hours works to be undertaken in accordance with the Construction Noise Strategy (Transport for NSW, 2012a).
Operation
The measures provided below would be implemented during operation:
• Any noise complaints would be investigated in accordance with Sydney Train’s standard operational procedures.
7.4 Air quality
7.4.1 Existing environment
A search of the National Pollutant Inventory undertaken on 3 March 2014 identified 34 air pollutant substances from 13 sources in the Campbelltown LGA, for the 2011 to 2012 reporting period. Five of these sources are located within one kilometre of the proposal site, with the closest being the Streets ice cream factory located in the Austrak Business Park.
Other contributors to air quality within the study area would include emissions from motor vehicles on the surrounding road network, and the diesel trains on the adjoining rail corridor.
The nearest sensitive receivers are the employees in the Austrak Business Park.
7.4.2 Impact assessment
Construction
The proposal would have minimal potential for impacts on air quality as it would not involve substantial clearing, earthworks or other land disturbance with the potential to generate significant quantities of dust. Small amounts of dust may be produced by the minor excavation associated with piling, the movement of construction vehicles and the excavation of trenches for pipelines and cabling.
Dust impacts have the potential to impact on the amenity of employees or residents (for the pipeline along Pembroke Road). Due to the small amount of dust expected and the relatively short duration of works, these impacts are considered to be minimal.
The operation of plant, machinery and trucks may also lead to increases in exhaust emissions in the study area; however these impacts would be minor and short-term.
Implementation of standard air quality management controls (listed in section 7.4.3) would minimise the potential for air quality impacts.
Operation
Air quality
The operation of the proposal would not result in any significant air quality impacts.
Greenhouse gases
Sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF6) would be used as an insulator within the new switchgear at the proposed substation. SF6 has the potential to contribute to greenhouse gas emissions as it has a high greenhouse gas equivalence of 23,900 times that of carbon dioxide. SF6 is sealed within gas-tight compartments inside the switchgear. However, leakage could occur during maintenance activities or through poor work practices. This would be managed by the mitigation measures proposed in section 7.4.3.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 46
7.4.3 Mitigation measures
Construction
The measures provided below would be implemented during construction:
• An air quality management sub-plan would be prepared as part of the CEMP. It would include measures to minimise the impacts to air quality during the construction of the proposal including those outlined below.
• All plant and machinery would be fitted with emission control devices complying with the Australian Design Standards.
• Machinery would be turned off when not in use and not left to idle for prolonged periods.
• Vehicle movements would be limited to designated entries and exits, haulage routes (to be determined during preparation of the traffic management plan, and in consultation with Roads and Maritime Services and Council) and parking areas.
• Dust generation would be monitored visually, and where required, dust control measures such as water spraying would be implemented to control the generation of dust.
• Any waste produced on-site would be stored and stockpiled for removal off-site daily, to reduce the production of dust.
• Materials transported to and from the site would be covered to reduce dust generation in transit.
• Access points would be inspected to determine whether sediment is being transferred to the surrounding road network. If required, sediment would be promptly removed from roads to minimise dust generation.
• Stabilisation of any excavated areas as soon as practicable.
• Fixed hoses would be used to dampen exposed surfaces to minimise dust generation, where required.
• Shade cloth would be fastened to the perimeter fence on the construction compound to minimise dust transported from the site during construction.
Operation
The measures provided below would be implemented during operation:
• Maintenance of switchgear would be undertaken in accordance with Sydney Trains’ existing management procedures.
7.5 Traffic and transport
7.5.1 Existing environment
The road network in the vicinity of the proposal site is shown in Figure 1.1 and described below.
O’Sullivan Road
O’Sullivan Road is located about one kilometre south-west of the proposal site. It extends from Lindesay Street to Old Leumeah Road near Leumeah Station. The traffic lanes are generally designed for one vehicle in each direction; however the carriageway is generally wide enough to allow two lanes of traffic. O’Sullivan Road provides the main access to the south-western side of Leumeah Station.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 47
Access road to playing fields
An access road provides access to the playing fields located to the north of the Wests League Club. This road is accessed from the O’Sullivan Road/Old Leumeah Road roundabout and comprises one lane of traffic in either direction with limited space for on-street parking. Access to the rail corridor is available from this road, about 250 metres to the north-east of the roundabout.
Old Leumeah Road
Old Leumeah Road extends about 250 metres linking Pembroke Road to O’Sullivan Road. It may serve as a route for access to the access road. The road comprises one lane of traffic in each direction with a dedicated pedestrian path along each side.
Pembroke Road
Pembroke Road extends about five kilometres from O’Sullivan Road (near Leumeah Station) to Minto Road near Victoria Park. Pembroke Road comprises a median-separated, four lane road with two lanes of traffic flowing in each direction from O’Sullivan Road to Burrendong Road; it then becomes a two lane (one in either direction) road from Burrendong Road to Minto Road. There is a dedicated shoulder along the length of the road, however parking is restricted.
7.5.2 Impact assessment
Construction
Information regarding the proposed arrangements in terms of construction site access, parking and vehicle movements is provided in section 5.
Construction would generate heavy vehicle movements associated with the transportation of construction machinery, equipment and materials to the site. Light vehicle movements would be associated with employees and smaller deliveries.
Overall traffic impacts would be minimal as a result of the short duration and localised nature of the works.
Vehicle movements
Construction vehicle movements would result in a temporary increase in traffic along the road network in the vicinity of the access road entry at O’Sullivan Road.
It is estimated that construction vehicle movements would involve a daily maximum of around 66 heavy vehicle and 40 light vehicle movements. This number is not considered to be likely as there are a number of aspects of the proposal (e.g. access track upgrade and delivery of pre-cast panels) which would not occur at the same time, and therefore average actual vehicle numbers would be lower.
The traffic that would be generated by construction would be a very small proportion of the existing traffic levels on the surrounding road network. This increase is not expected to result in any impacts on the operation of the road network.
Oversized deliveries
The construction of the proposal would require delivery of oversized pieces of equipment, such as transformers and rectifiers. Oversized transport may be required for the decommissioning of Leumeah Substation, to remove larger items of equipment. These deliveries/transport would be undertaken in accordance with the requirements of relevant agencies and would generally be undertaken out of hours to minimise the potential for impacts to the surrounding road network.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 48
Site access
As noted in section 5.1.4, access to the site would be via the existing access road along the road corridor, which would be sealed as part of the proposal.
Some access would be required to private property and also the road reserve along Pembroke Road for the installation of the wastewater and water pipelines. Impacts on access to and around the private property would be minimal, and the works would be undertaken in consultation with the relevant landowner or occupier to minimise any potential impacts.
Impacts on Pembroke Road (and its road reserve) are considered minimal as the works would be contained within a wide verge located on the western side of the road corridor and therefore would not impact upon the roadway. Construction of the proposed pipeline would not impact upon any access points to neighbouring properties along the section of Pembroke Road in which the pipeline would be laid.
Operation
Vehicular access to the substation would be via the corridor access road accessed via O’Sullivan Road, with a new secure access gate provided to the proposal site. Parking for one vehicle would be provided on-site.
Operation of the proposal would not result in any impacts to traffic or access, as access for maintenance purposes would be infrequent (around two visits per month).
7.5.3 Mitigation measures
Construction
A traffic management sub-plan would be prepared as part of the CEMP. It would include the following measures:
• Traffic and access would be managed in accordance with Traffic Control at Work Sites (RTA, 2010) and in consultation with Roads and Maritime Services and Campbelltown City Council.
• Residents, property owners and operators would be notified of any access restrictions in advance of work commencing.
• Appropriate traffic management would be implemented, including precautionary signs, illuminated warning devices, manual and/or electronic traffic control, and the provision of temporary barriers and markers, to control pedestrians and traffic access to and around the proposal site.
• Safe access points to work areas from the adjacent road network would be established, including safety measures such as security fencing and/or barriers, maintaining sight distance requirements, signage and the provision of traffic management measures.
• The requirements of the Roads Act 1993 would be followed at all times prior to and during all work (including notice requirements, consultation and consent/concurrence requirements for work within public and classified roads).
• Heavy vehicles would be restricted to specified routes.
• Oversized deliveries would be undertaken in accordance with the requirements of Council, Roads and Maritime Services and NSW Police.
• The contractor would consult with neighbouring landowners and/or occupiers to determine timing and access arrangements for the construction of the water pipeline through private property.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 49
Operation
No mitigation measures are required.
7.6 Land use and social-economic issues
7.6.1 Existing environment
The existing land uses of the site and surrounds are described in sections 2.1 and 2.2. The land use of the proposal site and proposed wastewater pipeline is infrastructure (railway corridor). Land uses along the proposed water pipeline consist of rail corridor, unused industrial land (spare land between buildings) and road reserve.
The main adjoining land uses are commercial/industrial and infrastructure (rail and rail corridor).
The main community with the potential to be impacted by the proposal would be employees of local businesses.
The proposal site is not located within bushfire prone land, however, minor ancillary construction activities (decommissioning of overhead wires and poles and the installation of 33 kilovolt cables) would be undertaken within an area mapped as a bushfire buffer zone (Campbelltown City Council, 2012).
7.6.2 Impact assessment
Construction
Land use
Direct impacts on land use as a result of the proposal would mainly relate to the short-term presence of construction works.
The substation building and equipment would be located within an existing rail corridor and would not result in any direct impacts to land uses of the proposal site or surrounds.
An easement or similar arrangement would be negotiated to allow the water pipeline to be constructed within private property (Lot 13 DP 1051906).
Construction of the water pipeline within the road reserve for Pembroke Road would be undertaken in consultation with Roads and Maritime Services to ensure that it does not result in any impacts to the use of Pembroke Road.
Construction of the proposal would be undertaken within a previously disturbed area. However, given that dense vegetation is located to the north of the proposal site (Pembroke Park), undertaking hot work during construction would present a potential bushfire risk that would be managed by implementing appropriate mitigation measures provided in section 7.6.3.
Community amenity impacts
Given the distance to the nearest sensitive receivers (about 400 metres to the nearest residence in the suburb of Leumeah), construction at the proposal site has limited potential to result in impacts to the amenity of the surrounding community.
Construction of the water pipeline along the Pembroke Road road reserve has the potential to result in some indirect impacts to the amenity of surrounding residents and employees, particularly those properties located in close proximity to the road. These potential impacts include air quality and noise. These impacts would be minimal, as only limited ground disturbance would be required over a very short time period.
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Potential impacts, including noise, traffic and access, air quality, and visual impacts, are assessed in sections 7.3.4, 7.4.2 7.5.2 and 7.7.2 respectively.
Operation
Operation of the substation would not result in any impacts on land use, as it would involve use of existing rail land for rail purposes.
The positioning of the water pipeline through private property would be undertaken within an easement to be developed in consultation with the landowner. The positioning of this pipeline would have limited potential to impact on land use, as the land appears to be vacant land located between buildings. Potential restrictions on the use of land within the easement would be determined in consultation with the landowner.
The location of the water pipeline within the road reserve would be determined in consultation with Roads and Maritime Services to take into account any proposed future works along the road.
Components of the proposal (the 33 kilovolt feeders) located within the bushfire buffer would be installed underground and would not pose a risk to bushfire safety.
7.6.3 Mitigation measures
Detailed design
The following mitigation measures would be implemented during detailed design:
• All easement negotiations would be undertaken in consultation with landowners and in accordance with the requirements of the Land Acquisition (Just Terms Compensation) Act 1991.
• The design and location of the water pipeline along Pembroke Road would be undertaken in consultation with Roads and Maritime Services.
Construction
The following mitigation measures would be implemented during construction:
• The CEMP would specify the approach to consultation during construction, the communication tools to be used, and response protocols. Specific consultation tasks to be undertaken include:
– advising affected landholders of the proposal, the construction hours and duration of work, and supplying a contact number for any queries relating to the work
– displaying accurate public information signs while work is in progress and until site restoration has been completed.
• If hot work is required, welding equipment would not be operated in the vicinity of bushland environments within high bushfire danger periods. Hot works would only be carried out with a hot work permit. Hot works would not take place on total fire ban days unless Rural Fire Service approval is obtained.
• Suitable fire suppression equipment (extinguishers, pumps, hoses etc) would be provided on-site for the duration of construction.
Operation
No additional measures are required.
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7.7 Visual amenity
7.7.1 Existing environment
The proposal site is located between a rail corridor and an industrial area, with the visual landscape dominated by these features. Although Pembroke Park is located to the north, public access to the south-western extent of the park is limited, and any views to the proposal site are shielded by vegetation and factory buildings.
The main views to the proposal site are:
• from the rear of the industrial properties located adjacent to the proposal site
• from train services (in particular passenger services) along the rail line
These viewpoints and views are not considered to be sensitive or significant.
7.7.2 Impact assessment
Construction
Overall, the potential visual impact of construction is considered to be minimal as the works would be temporary and short-term, and there are not considered to be any visually sensitive receivers for the majority of the proposed works.
Construction of the pipeline along Pembroke Road would be visible to properties located to the east of the road, and to the occupants of vehicles travelling along the road. Overall, the potential visual impacts are considered to be minimal as the works would be temporary and short-term, and would be undertaken progressively in small sections.
Operation
Potential visual impacts relate to the presence of a new structure in the landscape. An indicative description of the potential appearance of the proposal is provided in section 5.1. The new structure would be consistent with the existing visual environment, which is dominated by rail infrastructure and industrial development.
The substation building would have wall mounted security lighting above each door opening for night-time illumination. This would not be visible to any sensitive receivers.
7.7.3 Mitigation measures
Construction
The following mitigation measures would be implemented during construction:
• Material would be attached to the site fencing to minimise views of the worksite.
• The worksite would be left in a tidy manner at the end of each work day.
• Directional lighting would be mounted to avoid light spill into adjoining buildings during any night works, particularly during the rail shutdown periods.
Operation
The following mitigation measures would be implemented during operation:
• The detailed design of the proposal would take into account relevant urban design and visual considerations.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 52
7.8 Heritage
7.8.1 Existing environment
Aboriginal heritage
A search of the Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System was undertaken on 18 February 2014 for a one kilometre radius around the proposal site. The results identified three Aboriginal heritage items. The nearest of these items is located about 400 metres to the south of the proposal site. This item appears to have been destroyed as there is now an industrial development on this site.
Non-Aboriginal heritage
A search of the following heritage registers was undertaken for the suburbs of Minto and Leumeah:
• State Heritage Register
• Section 170 registers for state agencies
• Campbelltown (Urban Area) Local Environmental Plan 2002
• Australian heritage database (includes National Heritage List, Commonwealth Heritage List and Register of the National Estate).
The nearest heritage item is the Holly Lea and Plough Inn, which is listed on the State Heritage Register and the Campbelltown LEP. This item is located about 1.1 kilometres to the south-west of the proposal site.
7.8.2 Impact assessment
The proposal would not impact any listed/known Aboriginal or non-Aboriginal items.
As the proposal site and surrounds have been substantially modified by development and subject to previous ground disturbance (associated with the construction of the rail corridor), the risk of encountering any unknown heritage items is considered to be extremely low.
7.8.3 Mitigation measures
Construction
The following mitigation measures would be implemented during construction:
• If any unanticipated archaeological deposits are identified during construction, work likely to impact on the deposit would cease immediately and the NSW Heritage Council and an archaeologist would be contacted. Where required, further archaeological work and/or consents would be obtained prior to works recommencing at the location.
• Should Aboriginal heritage items be uncovered all work in the vicinity will cease and the Project Manager and Transport for NSW staff will be notified immediately. OEH will be notified in accordance with the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1979. The local Aboriginal Land Council will be notified and an assessment by an archaeologist will be arranged to determine the significance of the objects and any other requirements before work resumes.
Operation
No mitigation measures are required.
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7.9 Electromagnetic energy
An electromagnetic energy report for the proposal was undertaken by EMC Services Pty Ltd in March 2014. The results of this assessment are summarised below. The full assessment report is provided in 0.
7.9.1 Impact assessment
Operation
Electromagnetic energy (EME) is invisible and found everywhere electricity is present. An electric field is a region where electric charges experience an invisible force. The strength of this force is related to the voltage, or the pressure which forces electricity along wires. Electric fields are strongest close to their source, and their strength diminishes rapidly as we move away from the source.
A magnetic field is a region where magnetic materials experience an invisible force produced by the flow of electricity, commonly known as current. Unlike electric fields, magnetic fields are only present when electric current is flowing.
The strength of a magnetic field depends on the size of the current (measured in amps), and decreases rapidly once we move away from the source. While electric fields are blocked by many common materials, this is not the case with magnetic fields.
There are two components to an electromagnetic field, the electric field strength which is very weak at the proposed voltage (1,500 volts) and the magnetic field strength which decreases in an inverse square relationship close to the source and at a higher rate approximating an inverse cubic relationship at further distances.
In recent years there has been an increase in community concerns over the long-term health effects on people living and working near power lines and facilities, particularly high voltage power lines. The Australian Radiation and Nuclear Protection Safety Agency (ARPANSA) has published on its website a Draft Standard for exposure to magnetic fields which advocates a full-time exposure limit of 100 microtesla (a microtesla is a unit of measurement for magnetic strength), and a higher value for occupational exposure.
An assessment of the potential electromagnetic fields for the proposal was undertaken by EMC Services. This assessment found that the strongest magnetic field in a public area is predicted to be outside the substation fence next to the two bunded yards with the rectifier transformers; however these strengths do not exceed the permissible exposure limit of 100 microtesla for the General Public and 500 microtesla for occupational exposure. This is based on a conservative scenario where the substation is being loaded at its maximum rated capacity; in practice, the fields will normally be significantly lower at around 30% to 60% of its rated capacity.
The magnetic field drops off rapidly as the separation distance is increased. It was found to be no more than 5.9 microtesla at the boundary of the substation. Electric fields within the substation are below the acceptable limits. Inside the substation building, within one and 0.45 metres of the 600 volt cabling between the transformer and the rectifier, the predicted power frequency magnetic field was predicted to exceed the limits of 100 microtesla for the general public, and 500 microtesla for occupational personnel, respectively. However, these areas would be fenced off and would only be accessed by appropriately qualified persons.
Without accounting for shielding within the substation, when the substation is fully loaded, the RF electric fields within 60 metres of the substation would not exceed the applicable limit for urban broadcast reception. Within 60 metres of the substation, radio receptions would be impacted, especially for AM reception and HF frequency bands. These levels would be reduced somewhat once shielding from the substation building is factored in. The proposal is not
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 54
expected to result in any interference to FM radio or television signals as the increase in EME would not significantly add to the existing ambient environment.
7.9.2 Mitigation measures
The following mitigation measures would be implemented during operation:
• During commissioning of the substation, monitoring would be undertaken to determine the electromagnetic energy levels within and outside the substation. Should exceedances of the criteria be found, methods to reduce these exceedances would be implemented.
7.10 Waste
7.10.1 Waste generation
Construction
Waste generated would be limited to surplus building materials, such as concrete, brick, and cladding, and excess spoil (up to 1,400 cubic metres) from excavations and regrading of the access road. General waste, such as surplus pipe and cabling associated with connecting the site to services would also be produced. Careful planning of construction activities would ensure that the volume of surplus materials is minimised. The small scale of this building means that a small volume of waste in comparison to other larger infrastructure construction projects is likely to be generated as a result of surplus materials.
The fit out stage is also likely to generate small volumes of waste associated with off cuts from communications and electrical cables.
Decommissioning
The decommissioning of Leumeah Substation would involve removal of all redundant equipment and cabling. All wastes would be collected and stored on-site prior to disposal in accordance with relevant Sydney Trains’ guidelines and the Waste Classification Guidelines (DECCW, 2009). Where possible, this material would be reused or recycled in preference to disposal.
Potentially contaminated material and/or spoil such as oil-filled equipment or asbestos containing materials may also be encountered during the works and would be appropriately managed through the implementation of measures provided in 7.10.2.
Operation
The only waste generated during operation would be related to periodic maintenance. This would include materials such as electrical wiring that would be disposed of in accordance with Sydney Trains’ existing procedures and the Waste Classification Guidelines (DECCW, 2009).
7.10.2 Mitigation measures
Construction
The following mitigation measures would be implemented during construction:
• Wastes generated by the proposal would be managed in accordance with the Waste Classification Guidelines (DECCW, 2009) and in accordance with the waste minimisation hierarchy as follows:
– avoidance, where possible
– treated, as required and reused on-site
– recycled, either within the process or off-site
– where other alternatives are not possible, wastes would be disposed of at appropriately licensed waste management facilities.
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• The removal, handling and disposal of any asbestos waste would be undertaken by an appropriately licensed contractor, and in accordance with:
– Code of Practice for the Safe Removal of Asbestos 2005
– Code of Practice for the Management and Control of Asbestos in Workplaces 2005.
Operation
No mitigation measures are required.
7.11 Cumulative impacts
7.11.1 Existing or potential projects
A search of the Planning and Infrastructure website highlighted that there are two major projects located within one kilometre of the proposal site:
• Waste Recovery Facility at 5-7 Montore Road, Minto – northwest of the proposal site
• Minto Maltings Project at Stonny Batter Road, Minto – northeast of the proposal site.
The proposed Waste Recovery Facility received Director General’s Requirements in June 2012 and has not yet received approval. The Minto Maltings Project was approved in May 2009 and is currently in full operation; cumulative impacts associated with this project are therefore expected to be minor.
A search of the Campbelltown Council’s website on 26 March 2014, indicated that an application for a warehouse has been lodged for a site within one kilometre of the proposal site, at 395 Pembroke Road.
At the time of writing this REF, construction of an industrial building at 1 Magnum Place was underway within the industrial park about 300 metres to the south of the proposal site.
7.11.2 Impact assessment
It is not anticipated that construction of the proposal would have any significant cumulative impacts with the proposed Waste Recovery Facility at Montore Road; as the project is yet to be approved and it is unlikely that construction activities will be underway simultaneously to the proposed Minto substation.
Access to the construction site at 1 Magnum Place, Minto is currently via Magnum Place and Pembroke Road. The construction of the proposed water pipeline would potentially occur simultaneously with this construction (including on the same site). Due to the short-term nature of the pipeline construction, the potential for cumulative impacts would be minor.
There is also potential for smaller scale projects to occur in the local area, however the potential for cumulative impacts as a result of the proposal being undertaken at the same time as such small scale projects would be relatively minor.
7.11.3 Mitigation measures
Construction
The following mitigation measures would be implemented during construction:
• Transport for NSW and/or the construction contractor would consult with the proponents of other developments identified in the vicinity of the proposal site to address any potential cumulative impacts.
Operation
No mitigation measures are required.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 56
8 Environmental management and mitigation
This section provides an outline of the environmental management requirements for the proposal, and a consolidated list of mitigation measures that form the environmental management framework.
8.1 Environmental management plans
8.1.1 Construction
Transport for NSW’s ISO 14001 accredited environmental management system (EMS) would be used to manage the proposal. The management system would provide the framework for implementing the environmental management measures documented in this REF, and any conditions of other approvals, licences or permits.
A CEMP would be prepared for the proposal. The CEMP would provide a centralised mechanism through which all potential environmental impacts would be managed. The CEMP would document mechanisms for achieving compliance with the commitments made in this REF, the conditions of approval and other relevant statutory approvals. The plan would address (at a minimum) the following elements:
• water and soil management
• flora and fauna management
• noise and vibration management
• air quality management
• traffic and transport management
• heritage management
• waste management
• community and stakeholder communication.
The plan would be prepared by the contractor/s for the proposal and would be reviewed and endorsed by Transport for NSW prior to the commencement of construction. Implementation and compliance with the CEMP would be monitored by Transport for NSW for the duration of construction. One of the minimum requirements in terms of the tender for the contractor/s is that they have an environmental management plan capable of meeting the requirements of ISO 14001.
8.1.2 Operation
For the operational phase, environmental issues and impacts would be managed under Sydney Trains’ existing operational EMS and through the mitigation measures in section 8.2. The substation would also operate in accordance with Sydney Trains’ existing EPL (EPL No. 12208).
8.2 Summary of mitigation measures
The REF has identified a range of environmental impacts with the potential to occur as a result of the proposal. Table 8.1 provides a summary of the measures proposed to mitigate and manage the potential impacts of the proposal.
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The measures listed in Table 8.1 may be revised in response to submissions raised during public display of the REF. Transport for NSW would consider the final environmental management commitments when making a determination on the proposal. Following determination, the finalised mitigation measures would guide subsequent phases of the proposal. Any contractor/s selected to undertake work would be required to undertake all works in accordance with these measures, the conditions of approval and any other relevant statutory approvals
Environmental management measures to be implemented during the proposal are listed in Table 8.1. These measures have been consolidated from those included in section 7 of the REF.
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s.
Con
stru
ctio
n
So
ils a
nd w
ater
q
ualit
yC
.1A
so
ils a
nd w
ater
qua
lity
sub
-pla
n w
oul
d b
e p
rep
ared
as
par
t o
f th
e C
EM
P. It
wo
uld
incl
ude
the
follo
win
g m
easu
res:
• S
edim
ent
and
ero
sio
n co
ntro
l dev
ices
wo
uld
be
inst
alle
d t
o m
inim
ise
tran
spo
rt o
f se
dim
ent
in a
cco
rdan
ce w
ith
Man
agin
g
Urb
an S
torm
wat
er, S
oils
& C
onst
ruct
ion
(Lan
dco
m, 2
00
4).
The
se d
evic
es w
oul
d b
e in
spec
ted
reg
ular
ly a
nd im
med
iate
ly
afte
r ra
infa
ll to
ens
ure
effec
tive
ness
ove
r th
e d
urat
ion
of
wo
rks.
Any
dam
age
to e
rosi
on
and
sed
imen
t co
ntro
ls w
oul
d b
e re
ctifi
ed im
med
iate
ly.
• M
aint
enan
ce a
nd c
heck
ing
of
the
ero
sio
n an
d s
edim
enta
tio
n co
ntro
ls w
oul
d b
e un
der
take
n o
n a
reg
ular
bas
is a
nd a
ny
sub
seq
uent
rec
ord
s re
tain
ed. S
edim
ent
wo
uld
be
clea
red
fro
m b
ehin
d b
arri
ers/
sand
bag
s o
n a
reg
ular
bas
is a
s re
qui
red
and
all
cont
rols
wo
uld
be
man
aged
to
ens
ure
they
wo
rk e
ffec
tive
ly a
t al
l tim
es.
• A
ny s
oils
exc
avat
ed t
hat
are
to b
e us
ed a
s b
ackfi
ll w
oul
d b
e ap
pro
pri
atel
y st
ore
d u
ntil
req
uire
d.
• D
istu
rbed
are
as w
oul
d b
e re
sto
red
at
the
com
ple
tio
n o
f w
ork
s.
• S
pill
kit
s w
oul
d b
e m
aint
aine
d o
n-si
te a
t al
l tim
es.
• M
achi
nery
wo
uld
be
chec
ked
dai
ly t
o e
nsur
e th
at n
o o
il, f
uel o
r o
ther
liq
uid
s ar
e le
akin
g.
• R
efue
lling
of
pla
nt a
nd e
qui
pm
ent
wo
uld
no
t b
e un
der
take
n w
ithi
n th
e p
rop
osa
l site
.
• A
ll w
ater
dis
char
ges
wo
uld
be
und
erta
ken
in a
cco
rdan
ce w
ith
Tran
spo
rt fo
r N
SW’s
Wat
er D
isch
arg
e an
d R
e-us
e G
uid
elin
e (2
012
c).
• Th
e ex
isti
ng d
rain
age
syst
ems
wo
uld
rem
ain
op
erat
iona
l dur
ing
co
nstr
ucti
on.
• C
lean
wat
er w
oul
d b
e d
iver
ted
aro
und
the
wo
rksi
te in
acc
ord
ance
wit
h M
anag
ing
Urb
an S
torm
wat
er, S
oils
& C
onst
ruct
ion.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 59
Issu
eID
nu
mb
erM
itig
atio
n m
easu
re
C.2
An
‘une
xpec
ted
find
s p
roto
col’
wo
uld
be
pre
par
ed a
nd in
clud
ed in
the
CE
MP
to
ass
ist
wit
h th
e id
enti
ficat
ion,
ass
essm
ent,
m
anag
emen
t, he
alth
and
saf
ety
imp
licat
ions
, rem
edia
tio
n an
d/o
r d
isp
osa
l (at
an
app
rop
riat
ely
licen
ced
faci
lity)
of
any
po
tent
ially
co
ntam
inat
ed s
oil
and
/or
wat
er.
C.3
In t
he e
vent
tha
t in
dic
ato
rs o
f co
ntam
inat
ion
are
enco
unte
red
dur
ing
co
nstr
ucti
on
(suc
h as
od
our
s o
r vi
sual
ly c
ont
amin
ated
m
ater
ials
), w
ork
in t
he a
rea
wo
uld
cea
se u
ntil
an o
ccup
atio
nal h
ygie
nist
can
ad
vise
on
the
need
for
rem
edia
tio
n o
r o
ther
act
ion.
C.4
If d
ewat
erin
g is
req
uire
d d
urin
g c
ons
truc
tio
n it
wo
uld
be
und
erta
ken
in a
cco
rdan
ce w
ith
Tran
spo
rt fo
r N
SW’s
Wat
er D
isch
arg
e an
d R
e-us
e G
uid
elin
e (2
012
c).
Flo
ra a
nd fa
una
D.1
Wee
ds
wo
uld
be
man
aged
and
dis
po
sed
of
in a
cco
rdan
ce w
ith
the
req
uire
men
ts o
f th
e N
oxio
us W
eed
s A
ct 19
93 a
nd/o
r th
e W
eed
s of
Nat
iona
l Sig
nific
ance
Wee
d M
anag
emen
t G
uid
e.
D.2
Acc
ess
to t
he s
ite a
nd t
he e
xten
t o
f ve
get
atio
n cl
eari
ng w
oul
d b
e re
stri
cted
to
the
pro
po
sal s
ite a
s id
enti
fied
in F
igur
e 7.
3 an
d
loca
tio
ns fo
r tr
ench
ing
ass
oci
ated
wit
h th
e p
rop
ose
d c
onn
ecti
ons
, as
iden
tifie
d in
Fig
ure
5.1.
D.3
Sto
ckp
ile o
r la
ydow
n ar
eas
wo
uld
be
pla
ced
in e
xist
ing
cle
ared
are
as w
ithi
n th
e co
nstr
ucti
on
com
po
und
.
D.4
The
area
wo
uld
be
chec
ked
for
faun
a p
rio
r to
dis
turb
ing
/cle
arin
g v
eget
atio
n.
D.5
All
clea
red
veg
etat
ion
wo
uld
be
rep
lace
d a
nd/o
r o
ffse
t in
acc
ord
ance
wit
h th
e fo
llow
ing
unl
ess
oth
erw
ise
agre
ed w
ith
or
dire
cted
by
Tra
nsp
ort
for
NSW
:
• Sy
dne
y Tr
ains
’ Bio
div
ersi
ty O
ffse
t C
alcu
lato
r an
d fo
r no
n-si
gni
fican
t im
pac
ts o
n ve
get
atio
n w
ithi
n th
e ra
il co
rrid
or.
D.6
All
veg
etat
ion
pla
nted
on-
site
wo
uld
co
nsis
t o
f lo
cally
end
emic
nat
ive
spec
ies,
unl
ess
oth
erw
ise
agre
ed w
ith
Tran
spo
rt fo
r N
SW,
follo
win
g c
ons
ulta
tio
n w
ith
Co
unci
l whe
re r
elev
ant,
and
/or
the
owne
r o
f th
e la
nd u
po
n w
hich
the
veg
etat
ion
is t
o b
e p
lant
ed.
No
ise
and
vi
bra
tio
nE
.1M
itig
atio
n m
easu
res
do
cum
ente
d in
Con
stru
ctio
n N
oise
Str
ateg
y (T
rans
po
rt fo
r N
SW, 2
012
a) w
oul
d b
e ad
op
ted
whe
re fe
asib
le
and
rea
sona
ble
.
E.2
Sen
siti
ve r
ecei
vers
wo
uld
be
iden
tifie
d a
nd m
arke
d o
n p
lans
.
E.3
Wo
rks
wo
uld
be
sche
dul
ed d
urin
g r
eco
mm
end
ed s
tand
ard
ho
urs
whe
re p
ract
icab
le.
E.4
All
equi
pm
ent
and
co
nstr
ucti
on
met
hod
olo
gie
s w
oul
d b
e se
lect
ed t
o m
inim
ise
nois
e em
issi
ons
.
E.5
Eq
uip
men
t w
oul
d b
e fit
ted
wit
h ap
pro
pri
ate
sile
ncer
s an
d b
e in
go
od
wo
rkin
g o
rder
.
E.6
Mac
hine
s fo
und
to
pro
duc
e ex
cess
ive
nois
e co
mp
ared
to
no
rmal
ind
ustr
y ex
pec
tati
ons
wo
uld
be
rem
oved
fro
m t
he s
ite o
r st
oo
d
dow
n un
til r
epai
rs o
r m
od
ifica
tio
ns c
an b
e m
ade.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 60
Issu
eID
nu
mb
erM
itig
atio
n m
easu
re
E.7
All
site
wo
rker
s w
oul
d b
e ed
ucat
ed a
s to
the
po
tent
ial f
or
nois
e im
pac
ts o
n se
nsit
ive
rece
iver
s an
d la
nd u
ses
and
enc
our
aged
to
ta
ke p
ract
ical
and
rea
sona
ble
mea
sure
s to
min
imis
e im
pac
t d
urin
g t
he c
our
se o
f th
eir
acti
viti
es. T
his
wo
uld
incl
ude
too
lbox
tal
ks
cove
ring
:
• av
oid
the
use
of
out
do
or
rad
ios
dur
ing
the
nig
ht p
erio
d
• av
oid
sho
utin
g a
nd s
lam
min
g d
oo
rs
• w
here
pra
ctic
able
, mac
hine
s w
oul
d b
e o
per
ated
at
low
sp
eed
or
pow
er a
nd s
witc
hed
off
whe
n no
t b
eing
use
d, r
athe
r th
an le
ft
idlin
g fo
r p
rolo
nged
per
iod
s
• av
oid
ing
dro
pp
ing
mat
eria
ls f
rom
hei
ght
and
met
al t
o m
etal
co
ntac
t w
here
pra
ctic
able
.
E.8
Truc
k d
rive
rs w
oul
d b
e in
form
ed o
f d
esig
nate
d v
ehic
le r
out
es, p
arki
ng lo
cati
ons
and
the
req
uire
men
t to
min
imis
e en
gin
e id
ling
.
E.9
No
n-to
nal r
ever
sing
bee
per
s (o
r an
eq
uiva
lent
mec
hani
sm)
wo
uld
be
used
by
cons
truc
tio
n ve
hicl
es a
nd p
lant
.
E.10
If o
ut o
f ho
urs
wo
rks
are
req
uire
d, t
he c
ont
ract
or
wo
uld
pre
par
e an
d s
ubm
it a
Tra
nsp
ort
for
NSW
Out
of
Ho
urs
Wo
rk A
sses
smen
t (3
TP
-PR
-06
5) a
nd A
pp
licat
ion
Fo
rm (
9T
P-F
T-0
79)
for
app
rova
l pri
or
to t
he w
ork
s b
eing
und
erta
ken.
All
out
of
hour
s w
ork
s to
be
und
erta
ken
in a
cco
rdan
ce w
ith
the
Con
stru
ctio
n N
oise
Str
ateg
y (T
rans
po
rt fo
r N
SW, 2
012
a).
Air
qua
lity
F.1
An
air
qua
lity
man
agem
ent
sub
-pla
n w
oul
d b
e p
rep
ared
as
par
t o
f th
e C
EM
P. It
wo
uld
incl
ude
mea
sure
s to
min
imis
e th
e im
pac
ts
to a
ir q
ualit
y d
urin
g t
he c
ons
truc
tio
n o
f th
e p
rop
osa
l inc
lud
ing
tho
se o
utlin
ed b
elow
.
F.2
All
pla
nt a
nd m
achi
nery
wo
uld
be
fitte
d w
ith
emis
sio
n co
ntro
l dev
ices
co
mp
lyin
g w
ith
the
Aus
tral
ian
Des
ign
Stan
dar
ds.
F.3
Mac
hine
ry w
oul
d b
e tu
rned
off
whe
n no
t in
use
and
no
t le
ft t
o id
le fo
r p
rolo
nged
per
iod
s.
F.4
Veh
icle
mov
emen
ts w
oul
d b
e lim
ited
to
des
igna
ted
ent
ries
and
exi
ts, h
aula
ge
rout
es (
to b
e d
eter
min
ed d
urin
g p
rep
arat
ion
of
the
traffi
c m
anag
emen
t p
lan,
and
in c
ons
ulta
tio
n w
ith
Ro
ads
and
Mar
itim
e S
ervi
ces
and
Co
unci
l) a
nd p
arki
ng a
reas
.
F.5
Dus
t g
ener
atio
n w
oul
d b
e m
oni
tore
d v
isua
lly, a
nd w
here
req
uire
d, d
ust
cont
rol m
easu
res
such
as
wat
er s
pra
ying
wo
uld
be
imp
lem
ente
d t
o c
ont
rol t
he g
ener
atio
n o
f d
ust.
F.6
Any
was
te p
rod
uced
on-
site
wo
uld
be
sto
red
and
sto
ckp
iled
for
rem
oval
off
-site
dai
ly, t
o r
educ
e th
e p
rod
ucti
on
of
dus
t.
F.7
Mat
eria
ls t
rans
po
rted
to
and
fro
m t
he s
ite w
oul
d b
e co
vere
d t
o r
educ
e d
ust
gen
erat
ion
in t
rans
it.
F.8
Acc
ess
po
ints
wo
uld
be
insp
ecte
d t
o d
eter
min
e w
heth
er s
edim
ent
is b
eing
tra
nsfe
rred
to
the
sur
roun
din
g r
oad
net
wo
rk.
If re
qui
red
, sed
imen
t w
oul
d b
e p
rom
ptl
y re
mov
ed f
rom
ro
ads
to m
inim
ise
dus
t g
ener
atio
n.
F.9
Stab
ilisa
tio
n o
f an
y ex
cava
ted
are
as a
s so
on
as p
ract
icab
le.
F.10
Fix
ed h
ose
s w
oul
d b
e us
ed t
o d
amp
en e
xpo
sed
sur
face
s to
min
imis
e d
ust
gen
erat
ion,
whe
re r
equi
red
.
F.11
Sha
de
clo
th w
oul
d b
e fa
sten
ed t
o t
he p
erim
eter
fenc
e o
n th
e co
nstr
ucti
on
com
po
und
to
min
imis
e d
ust
tran
spo
rted
fro
m t
he s
ite
dur
ing
co
nstr
ucti
on.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 61
Issu
eID
nu
mb
erM
itig
atio
n m
easu
re
Traffi
c an
d
tran
spo
rtG
.1Tr
affic
and
acc
ess
wo
uld
be
man
aged
in a
cco
rdan
ce w
ith
Traffi
c C
ont
rol a
t W
ork
Site
s (R
TA, 2
010
) an
d in
co
nsul
tati
on
wit
h R
oad
s an
d M
arit
ime
Ser
vice
s an
d C
amp
bel
ltow
n C
ity
Co
unci
l.
G.2
Res
iden
ts, p
rop
erty
ow
ners
and
op
erat
ors
wo
uld
be
noti
fied
of
any
acce
ss r
estr
icti
ons
in a
dva
nce
of
wo
rk c
om
men
cing
.
G.3
Ap
pro
pri
ate
traffi
c m
anag
emen
t w
oul
d b
e im
ple
men
ted
, inc
lud
ing
pre
caut
iona
ry s
igns
, illu
min
ated
war
ning
dev
ices
, man
ual a
nd/
or
elec
tro
nic
traffi
c co
ntro
l, an
d t
he p
rovi
sio
n o
f te
mp
ora
ry b
arri
ers
and
mar
kers
, to
co
ntro
l ped
estr
ians
and
tra
ffic
acce
ss t
o a
nd
aro
und
the
pro
po
sal s
ite.
G.4
Saf
e ac
cess
po
ints
to
wo
rk a
reas
fro
m t
he a
dja
cent
ro
ad n
etw
ork
wo
uld
be
esta
blis
hed
, inc
lud
ing
saf
ety
mea
sure
s su
ch a
s se
curi
ty fe
ncin
g a
nd/o
r b
arri
ers,
mai
ntai
ning
sig
ht d
ista
nce
req
uire
men
ts, s
igna
ge
and
the
pro
visi
on
of
traffi
c m
anag
emen
t m
easu
res.
G.5
The
req
uire
men
ts o
f th
e R
oad
s A
ct 19
93 w
oul
d b
e fo
llow
ed a
t al
l tim
es p
rio
r to
and
dur
ing
all
wo
rk (
incl
udin
g n
oti
ce
req
uire
men
ts, c
ons
ulta
tio
n an
d c
ons
ent/
conc
urre
nce
req
uire
men
ts fo
r w
ork
wit
hin
pub
lic a
nd c
lass
ified
ro
ads)
.
G.6
Hea
vy v
ehic
les
wo
uld
be
rest
rict
ed t
o s
pec
ified
ro
utes
.
G.7
Ove
rsiz
ed d
eliv
erie
s w
oul
d b
e un
der
take
n in
acc
ord
ance
wit
h th
e re
qui
rem
ents
of
Co
unci
l, R
oad
s an
d M
arit
ime
Ser
vice
s an
d
NSW
Po
lice.
G.8
The
cont
ract
or
wo
uld
co
nsul
t w
ith
neig
hbo
urin
g la
ndow
ners
and
/or
occ
upie
rs t
o d
eter
min
e ti
min
g a
nd a
cces
s ar
rang
emen
ts fo
r th
e co
nstr
ucti
on
of
the
wat
er p
ipel
ine
thro
ugh
pri
vate
pro
per
ty.
Land
use
and
so
cial
-eco
nom
icH
.1Th
e C
EM
P w
oul
d s
pec
ify t
he a
pp
roac
h to
co
nsul
tati
on
dur
ing
co
nstr
ucti
on,
the
co
mm
unic
atio
n to
ols
to
be
used
, and
res
po
nse
pro
toco
ls. S
pec
ific
cons
ulta
tio
n ta
sks
to b
e un
der
take
n in
clud
e:
• ad
visi
ng a
ffec
ted
land
hold
ers
of
the
pro
po
sal,
the
cons
truc
tio
n ho
urs
and
dur
atio
n o
f w
ork
, and
sup
ply
ing
a c
ont
act
num
ber
for
any
que
ries
rel
atin
g t
o t
he w
ork
• d
isp
layi
ng a
ccur
ate
pub
lic in
form
atio
n si
gns
whi
le w
ork
is in
pro
gre
ss a
nd u
ntil
site
res
tora
tio
n ha
s b
een
com
ple
ted
.
H.2
If ho
t w
ork
is r
equi
red
, wel
din
g e
qui
pm
ent
wo
uld
no
t b
e o
per
ated
in t
he v
icin
ity
of
bus
hlan
d e
nviro
nmen
ts w
ithi
n hi
gh
bus
hfire
d
ang
er p
erio
ds.
Ho
t w
ork
s w
oul
d o
nly
be
carr
ied
out
wit
h a
hot
wo
rk p
erm
it. H
ot
wo
rks
wo
uld
no
t ta
ke p
lace
on
tota
l fire
ban
d
ays
unle
ss R
ural
Fire
Ser
vice
ap
pro
val i
s o
bta
ined
.
H.3
Sui
tab
le fi
re s
upp
ress
ion
equi
pm
ent
(ext
ing
uish
ers,
pum
ps,
ho
ses
etc)
wo
uld
be
pro
vid
ed o
n-si
te fo
r th
e d
urat
ion
of
cons
truc
tio
n.
Vis
ual a
men
ity
I.1M
ater
ial w
oul
d b
e at
tach
ed t
o t
he s
ite fe
ncin
g t
o m
inim
ise
view
s o
f th
e w
ork
site
.
I.2Th
e w
ork
site
wo
uld
be
left
in a
tid
y m
anne
r at
the
end
of
each
wo
rk d
ay.
I.3D
irect
iona
l lig
htin
g w
oul
d b
e m
oun
ted
to
avo
id li
ght
sp
ill in
to a
djo
inin
g b
uild
ing
s d
urin
g a
ny n
ight
wo
rks,
par
ticu
larl
y d
urin
g t
he
rail
shut
dow
n p
erio
ds.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 62
Issu
eID
nu
mb
erM
itig
atio
n m
easu
re
Her
itag
eJ.
1If
any
unan
tici
pat
ed a
rcha
eolo
gic
al d
epo
sits
are
iden
tifie
d d
urin
g c
ons
truc
tio
n, w
ork
like
ly t
o im
pac
t o
n th
e d
epo
sit
wo
uld
cea
se
imm
edia
tely
and
the
NSW
Her
itag
e C
oun
cil a
nd a
n ar
chae
olo
gis
t w
oul
d b
e co
ntac
ted
. Whe
re r
equi
red
, fur
ther
arc
haeo
log
ical
w
ork
and
/or
cons
ents
wo
uld
be
ob
tain
ed p
rio
r to
wo
rks
reco
mm
enci
ng a
t th
e lo
cati
on.
J.2
Sho
uld
Ab
ori
gin
al h
erit
age
item
s b
e un
cove
red
all
wo
rk in
the
vic
init
y w
ill c
ease
and
the
Pro
ject
Man
ager
and
Tra
nsp
ort
for
NSW
st
aff w
ill b
e no
tifie
d im
med
iate
ly. O
EH
will
be
noti
fied
in a
cco
rdan
ce w
ith
the
Nat
iona
l Par
ks a
nd W
ildlif
e A
ct 19
79. T
he lo
cal
Ab
ori
gin
al L
and
Co
unci
l will
be
noti
fied
and
an
asse
ssm
ent
by a
n ar
chae
olo
gis
t w
ill b
e ar
rang
ed t
o d
eter
min
e th
e si
gni
fican
ce o
f th
e o
bje
cts
and
any
oth
er r
equi
rem
ents
bef
ore
wo
rk r
esum
es.
Ele
ctro
mag
neti
c en
erg
yK
.1D
urin
g c
om
mis
sio
ning
of
the
sub
stat
ion,
mo
nito
ring
wo
uld
be
und
erta
ken
to d
eter
min
e th
e el
ectr
om
agne
tic
ener
gy
leve
ls
wit
hin
and
out
sid
e th
e su
bst
atio
n. S
houl
d e
xcee
dan
ces
of
the
crite
ria
be
foun
d, m
etho
ds
to r
educ
e th
ese
exce
edan
ces
wo
uld
be
imp
lem
ente
d.
Was
teL.
1W
aste
s g
ener
ated
by
the
pro
po
sal w
oul
d b
e m
anag
ed in
acc
ord
ance
wit
h th
e W
aste
Cla
ssifi
catio
n G
uid
elin
es (
DE
CC
W, 2
00
9)
and
in a
cco
rdan
ce w
ith
the
was
te m
inim
isat
ion
hier
arch
y as
follo
ws:
• av
oid
ance
, whe
re p
oss
ible
• tr
eate
d, a
s re
qui
red
and
reu
sed
on-
site
• re
cycl
ed, e
ithe
r w
ithi
n th
e p
roce
ss o
r o
ff-s
ite
• w
here
oth
er a
ltern
ativ
es a
re n
ot
po
ssib
le, w
aste
s w
oul
d b
e d
isp
ose
d o
f at
ap
pro
pri
atel
y lic
ense
d w
aste
man
agem
ent
faci
litie
s.
L.2
The
rem
oval
, han
dlin
g a
nd d
isp
osa
l of
any
asb
esto
s w
aste
wo
uld
be
und
erta
ken
by
an a
pp
rop
riat
ely
licen
sed
co
ntra
cto
r, an
d in
ac
cord
ance
wit
h:
• C
ode
of P
ract
ice
for
the
Safe
Rem
oval
of A
sbes
tos
200
5
• C
ode
of P
ract
ice
for
the
Man
agem
ent
and
Con
trol
of A
sbes
tos
in W
orkp
lace
s 20
05.
Cum
ulat
ive
imp
acts
M.1
Tran
spo
rt fo
r N
SW a
nd/o
r th
e co
nstr
ucti
on
cont
ract
or
wo
uld
co
nsul
t w
ith
the
pro
po
nent
s o
f o
ther
dev
elo
pm
ents
iden
tifie
d in
the
vi
cini
ty o
f th
e p
rop
osa
l site
to
ad
dre
ss a
ny p
ote
ntia
l cum
ulat
ive
imp
acts
.
Ope
rati
on
No
ise
and
vi
bra
tio
nN
.1A
ny n
ois
e co
mp
lain
ts w
oul
d b
e in
vest
igat
ed in
acc
ord
ance
wit
h Sy
dne
y Tr
ain’
s st
and
ard
op
erat
iona
l pro
ced
ures
.
Air
qua
lity
O.1
Mai
nten
ance
of
switc
hgea
r w
oul
d b
e un
der
take
n in
acc
ord
ance
wit
h Sy
dne
y Tr
ains
’ exi
stin
g m
anag
emen
t p
roce
dur
es.
Vis
ual a
men
ity
P.1
The
det
aile
d d
esig
n o
f th
e p
rop
osa
l wo
uld
tak
e in
to a
cco
unt
rele
vant
urb
an d
esig
n an
d v
isua
l co
nsid
erat
ions
.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 63
9 Conclusion
This section provides a conclusion to the REF, including a summary of the proposal justification and the findings of the REF.
This REF considers the potential impacts of the proposal to construct a new substation at Minto. It has been prepared by GHD on behalf of Transport for NSW to assist with determination of the proposal under Part 5 of the EP&A Act.
9.1 Justification of the proposal
The proposal forms part of Transport for NSW’s Power Supply Upgrade Program, which is being undertaken to meet the actual and projected increase in power demands on the Sydney Trains electrical network. The power study undertaken for the network identified that a new substation was required in the Minto area to provide additional capacity on the Main Southern Line and reduce the loading on adjacent substations. This would also allow for the decommissioning of Leumeah Substation, which has reached the end of its economic life.
The construction of Minto Substation would increase the capacity of the power supply network in the area. Without this increase in power supply, the rail network would not have sufficient capacity to meet the power supply needs of the increase in the number of trains, and the increase in the number of air-conditioned trains.
9.2 Summary of REF findings
The REF has considered the potential impacts of the proposal. It has been prepared in accordance with Part 5 of the EP&A Act, and in particular, the requirements of section 111 of the Act, and clause 228 of the Regulation. The REF has documented the potential environmental impacts of the proposal, considering both potential positive and negative impacts, and recommending management and mitigation measures to protect the environment where required.
9.2.1 Clause 228 considerations
Clause 228 of the Regulation specifies the matters that must be taken into account, for the purposes of Part 5 of the Act, when consideration is being given to the likely impact of an activity on the environment. The potential impacts of the proposal have been considered in section 7 of the REF. The clause 228 matters and how they relate to the proposal are considered in Appendix A.
9.2.2 Ecologically sustainable development
Transport for NSW is committed to ensuring that its projects are implemented in a manner that is consistent with the principles of sustainable development. These principles would be incorporated into the management systems for the proposal.
Appendix A summarises how the principles of ecologically sustainable development adopted by the EP&A Act have been addressed by the REF process.
A sustainability assessment of the proposal was undertaken as part of the design process in accordance with the NSW Sustainable Design Guidelines (Transport for NSW, 2013) as outlined in section 5.5.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 64
9.2.3 Significance of impacts
Whilst some potentially negative impacts may result from the proposal, these impacts would be short-term and localised and are not considered to be significant. Section 8.2 of the REF provides the mitigation measures that would be implemented to reduce the potential for impacts and manage the environmental performance of the proposal.
9.3 Conclusion
The REF identifies that the proposal would have the potential for both positive and negative impacts, and it identifies mitigation measures to reduce or manage the negative impacts.
Environmental investigations were undertaken during preparation of the REF to assess the potential environmental impacts.
There are considered to be no significant environmental issues associated with the proposal.
Any potential adverse impacts resulting from the proposal are considered manageable through the implementation of mitigation measures in section 8.2.
In conclusion, the proposal is needed so that the power supply for the rail network has sufficient capacity for future increases in the number of services and also the type of rolling stock. It is considered that the adverse environmental impacts would be generally short-term and localised in nature. With the adoption and implementation of the proposed mitigation and management measures listed in section 8.2, the potential environmental impacts of the proposal would be adequately mitigated and managed, and are not considered to be significant.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 65
10 Reference list
Campbelltown City Council, 2012, Bushfire Prone Land Map.
Department of Environment and Climate Change (DECC), 2009, Interim Construction Noise Guideline.
Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water (DECCW), 2009, Waste Classification Guidelines.
Department of the Environment (DotE), 2014 EPBC Online Protected Matters Search Tool. Department of the Environment. Online resource http://www.environment.gov.au/erin/ert/epbc/index.html.
Environment Protection Authority (EPA), 2000, Industrial Noise Policy.
GHD, 2014a, Minto, Ingleburn and Guildford Substations REF Communications Plan. Prepared for Transport for NSW.
GHD, 2014b, Minto Substation: Geotechnical, Contamination and Hydrology Investigation. April 2014. Prepared for Transport for NSW.
Hazelton P.A. and Tille P.J., 1990, Soil Landscapes of the Wollongong-Port Hacking 1:100,000 Sheet map and report, Soil Conservation Service of NSW, Sydney.
Landcom, 2004, Managing Urban Stormwater, Soils & Construction, Volume 1.
Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH), 2014a, Threatened Species, Population and Communities Database. Search by region. http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedSpeciesApp/AreaHabitatSearch.aspx.
OEH, 2014b, NSW Bionet Atlas of NSW Wildlife Database. Office of Environment and Heritage NSW. http://www.bionet.nsw.gov.au/.
National Parks and Wildlife Services (NPWS), 2002, Native Vegetation of the Cumberland Plain. http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/surveys/GetHoldOfMapsDataAndReports.htm.
RailCorp, 2011, SWRL 2016 Power Study Report ER0293, July 2011, Rev 1.10.
Stroud W.J., Sherwin L., Roy H.N. and Baker C.J., 1985, Wollongong - Port Hacking 1:100 000 Geological Sheet 9029-9129, 1st edition. Geological Survey of New South Wales, Sydney.
Sydney Trains, 2013, Sydney Trains Environmental Management System Guide Noise and Vibration from Rail Facilities.
Transport for NSW (TfNSW), 2012a, Construction Noise Strategy.
Transport for NSW (TfNSW), 2012b, NSW Long Term Transport Master Plan.
Transport for NSW (TfNSW), 2012c, Water discharge and re-use guideline.
Transport for NSW (TfNSW), 2013. NSW Sustainable Design Guidelines, Version 3.0. September 2013.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 66
Appendix A – Clause 228 factors and ecologically sustainable development considerations under the EP&A Act
Clause 228 considerations
Clause 228 factor Summary of results Potential impact
(a) Any environmental impact on a community
Other than a minimal potential for amenity impacts, no community impacts have been identified. No long-term environmental impacts are predicted.
None
(b) Any transformation of a locality
The proposal would be located on rail land in an area that is dominated by railway infrastructure and industrial development. It would not result in the transformation of this locality.
None
(c) Any environmental impact on the ecosystems of the locality
The proposal would remove a small area of highly disturbed and modified regrowth vegetation and would not result in a significant reduction in the extent or occurrence of the community within the locality.
None
(d) Any reduction of the aesthetic, recreational, scientific or other environmental quality or value of a locality
The proposal would not result in any reduction of these qualities or values.
None
(e) Any effect on a locality, place or building having aesthetic, anthropological, archaeological, architectural, cultural, historical, scientific or social significance or other special value for present or future generations
The proposal would not result in any impact on a locality, place or building having aesthetic, anthropological, archaeological, architectural, cultural, historical, scientific or social significance or other special value.
None
f) Any impact on the habitat of protected fauna (within the meaning of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974)
No impacts on protected fauna within the meaning of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 are predicted.
None
(g) Any endangering of any species of animal, plant or other form of life, whether living on land, in water or in the air
The proposal would not endanger any species of plant, animal or other form of life.
None
(h) Any long-term effects on the environment
The proposal is not considered to have any long-term impacts on the environment.
None
(i) Any degradation of the quality of the environment
The proposal has the potential to result in minor impacts to environmental quality during the construction period. These impacts would be managed through the implementation of mitigation measures. No long-term impacts to the quality of the environment are predicted.
Short-term – minor negative
Long-term – none
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 67
Clause 228 factor Summary of results Potential impact
(j) Any risk to the safety of the environment
The construction of the proposal is not considered to result in any risk to the safety of the environment. Safety in the vicinity of the proposal would be managed by the contractor/s.
None
(k) Any reduction in the range of beneficial uses of the environment
The proposal would be positioned within the existing rail corridor. The proposal would however not preclude the use of this line in the future, as the proposed substation is positioned clear of any potential future tracks. The proposal would not impact upon the use of any other land.
None
(l) Any pollution of the environment
The proposal had the potential to result in minor short-term air quality and erosion impacts. These impacts would be managed through the implementation of the proposal environmental management plan. Operation of the proposal would not produce any emissions and no long-term pollution impacts are predicted
Short-term – minor negative
Long-term – none
(m) Any environmental problems associated with the disposal of waste
Waste created during the works period would be removed from site and recycled where possible.
None
(n) Any increased demands on resources (natural or otherwise) that are, or are likely to become in short supply
The proposal would not increase the demand on any resources that are or are likely to become in short supply.
None
(o) Any cumulative environmental effect with other existing or likely future activities
No significant cumulative impacts were identified as a result of the interaction of the proposal with other projects.
None
(p) any impact on coastal processes and coastal hazards, including those under projected climate change conditions
The proposal would not impact on coastal processes and coastal hazards.
None
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 68
ESD considerations under the EP&A Act
Principle Definition CommentPrecautionary principle
This principle states that ‘if there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation’.
A range of environmental assessments have been undertaken during the preparation of this REF to ensure that the potential environmental impacts can be understood with a high degree of certainty. There are not considered to be any threats of serious or irreversible environmental damage.
The proposal has evolved to avoid environmental impact where possible and mitigation measures would be implemented to minimise impacts. No mitigation measures have been deferred due to a lack of scientific certainty. The proposal is therefore considered to be consistent with the precautionary principle.
Intergenerational equity
The principle states, ‘the present generation should ensure that the health, diversity and productivity of the environment is maintained or enhanced for the benefit of future generations’. In other words, we should ensure that future generations do not inherit a degraded environment.
The proposal site has been previously disturbed during development of the existing rail corridor and other nearby industrial development. The proposal would not result in any impacts that are likely to impact on the health, diversity or productivity of the environment for future generations. The proposal would benefit future generations as the increase in power supply would allow more trains services to be introduced on to the network which would improve public transport.
Conservation of biological diversity and ecological integrity
This principle states that the ‘diversity of genes, species, populations and communities, as well as the ecosystems and habitats to which they belong, must be maintained and improved to ensure their survival’.
The study area comprises a modified environment within an operational rail corridor. No potential impacts to biological diversity and ecological integrity were identified.
Improved valuation, pricing and incentive mechanisms
This principle requires that ‘costs to the environment should be factored into the economic costs of a project’.
The cost of environmental resources includes the costs incurred to protect the environment. The mitigation measures imposed to minimise the adverse impacts of this proposal would result in economic costs to the construction and operation of the proposal. This indicates the valuation of environmental resources has been assigned.
The proposal has been designed to minimise adverse impacts on the environment by confining work to a defined area and implementing appropriate mitigation measures when impacts are expected.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 69
Appendix B – Concept design plans
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1470
BOTTOM
BANK
OF
(C)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(EE
) (E
E)
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E)
(F)
(F)
(G)
52.0
0
53.0
0
TOP
OF
OF
BOTTOM
BU
ILD
ING
FENCE
GRATED PIT
CONCRET
BOTT
TOP
BANK
OF
OF
OF
OF
OF
GRATED PIT
GRATED PIT
BANK
OF
SIGNAL BOX
CONCRETE
UNCLA
SS PIT
FENCE
FENCE
FENC
ROAD
51.0
0
52.00
STN52.50
STN/DPY S5500..5151
13D
P 10
5190
6
12D
P 10
5190
6 51+189
51+250
51+252
51+311
51+312
51+320
51+325
From
SYD
NEY
T
CAM
PBE
52.02
52.75
52.13
53.49
53.51
53.17
53.00
52.85
52.28
52.16
52.13
51.68
51.18
51.71
51.79
51.88
51.96
51.94
51.96
51.69
52.37
53.75
51.93
52.90
50.52
50.35
49.80
48.03
52.41
52.60
52.32
51.92
51.41
50.67
52.31 51
.77
53.14
53.35
53.11
52.92
52.76
52.46
52.33
52.39
52.40 52
.32
51.85
51.31
51.70
51.58
51.60
51.54
51.38
50.97
50.98
50.97
51.75
51.90
52.10
51.53
59.38
59.92
59.66
59.47
50.35
51.46
51.45
51.44
51.53
51.17
50.95
51.79
51.98
51.93
51.80
51.65
51.76
51.86
51.73
51.55
51.73
51.78 51
.53
51.49
51.46
51.79
51.55
51.39
51.20
51.37
51.43 51
.25
51.18
51.21
51.16
51.01
50.83 51
.00 51.04
51.11
50.89 50
.84
50.80
50.62
52.25
52.28
52.37
52.43
52.31
52.34
52.25
52.20
52.10
52.14
52.24 52
.24
52.15
52.11
51.95
51.92
51.69
51.78
51.89
52.00
52.06
51.80
51.52
51.56
51.44
51.38
51.70
51.70
51.54
51.44
51.17
51.20
52.50
52.51
52.57
52.56
52.57
52.57
52.52
52.52
52.51
52.51
52.43
52.42
52.29
52.31
52.43
52.43
52.44
52.44
52.34
52.34
52.32
52.32
52.14
52.13
51.94
51.95
52.19
52.18
52.21
52.21
52.04
52.03
52.03
51.77
51.77
51.59
51.57
51.85
51.86 51
.89
51.89
51.76 51
.77
51.70
51.71
51.39
51.41
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DD Plot Date & Time: 29/07/2014 4:34:42 File Plotted:C:\Users\jbnewcombe\Documents\21-23342-MINTO_CENTRAL_MODULAR_DESIGN_jbnewcombe.rvt
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CCAN
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EB N
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B IL
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perm
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UTH
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ha
ve to
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ages
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ailC
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or y
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ay b
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osec
uted
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ign
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lcor
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lcor
p si
gnat
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on
this
doc
umen
t des
igna
te
SUBS
TATI
ON-P
OWER
SUP
PLY
UPGR
ADE
only
that
the
cont
ent a
ppea
rs to
be
cons
iste
nt w
ith R
ailc
orp'
s re
quire
men
ts.
ELEV
ATIO
NS
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ATUR
E R
espo
nsib
ility
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esig
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sts
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gner
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DETA
ILS
FILE
No.
21-
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2 1
OF
TITL
E ST
ATUS
CON
CEPT
DES
IGN
DRG
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EDM
S No
.PS
U-27
65-M
T-AR
-002
0 B
DATE
1 C
12
34
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910
1112
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1473
e: Plot Date & T im File Plotted:
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l 15,
133
Cas
tlere
agh
Stre
et
Sydn
ey N
SW
200
0 Au
stra
lia
T 61
2 9
239
7100
F61
2 9
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7199
E
sydm
ail@
ghd.
com
W w
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.ghd
.com
12
34
56
1211
109
87
12
34
56
1211
109
87
A B C D E F G
A B C D E F G
CNo
. BY
DA
TE
DESC
RIPT
ION
APPD
.
CLIE
NT
The
info
rmat
ion
show
n on
this
dra
win
g is
for t
he p
urpo
ses
of C
ontra
ct P
SC-2
765
(the
Proj
ect)
only
. No
war
rant
y is
gi
ven
or im
plie
d as
to it
s su
itabi
lity
for a
ny o
ther
pur
pose
. TfN
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nd it
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onsu
ltant
s ac
cept
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liabi
lity
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e of
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se o
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Proj
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lely
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par
ticul
ar
purp
ose
and
clie
nt.
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rote
cted
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right
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u m
ay n
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ny
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out t
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rmis
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ail C
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C:\Users\jbnewcombe\D ocu men ts\ 21-233 42-MI NTO _CE NTR AL_ MOD ULA R_D ESI GN_ jbn ewc omb e.r vt
AR-0
040
I. LUB
URIC
A. MI
LLER
D. CH
APMA
N
M. NE
LSON
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U-27
65-M
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4.20
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1
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PECT
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25.07
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25.07
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25.07
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NOT
TO S
CALE
PE
RSPE
CTIV
E VI
EW
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 74
Appendix C – Flora and fauna assessment results
• Desktop assessment results
• Likelihood of occurrence assessment
• Assessment of significance – River-flat Eucalypt Forest Endangered Ecological Community
Key to likelihood of occurrence assessment for threatened and migratory biota
Likelihood DefinitionPresent Recorded in the study area during current surveys.
Likely Species previously recorded within a 10 kilometre radius of the study area and suitable habitat occurs within the study area.
Possible Species previously recorded within a 10 kilometre radius of the study area and only marginal or limited habitat occurs within the study area.
Species with potential habitat within the study area, but no records from the locality in the last 30 years.
Unlikely Species previously recorded within a 10 kilometre radius of the study area but no suitable habitat recorded.
Species not recorded within a 10 kilometre radius of the study area and only marginal or limited habitat occurs within the study area.
Nil Species not previously recorded within a 10 kilometre radius of the study area and suitable habitat not recorded within the study area, and/or study area outside species known distribution.
Absent In the case of a threatened ecological community, not present within the study area.
Key to table abbreviations
Abbreviation In fullEEC Endangered ecological community
CEEC Critically endangered ecological community
E Endangered
V Vulnerable
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 75
Thre
aten
ed e
colo
gic
al c
omm
unit
ies
Com
mun
ity
TSC
Act
st
atus
EP
BC
Act
st
atus
Typ
e of
rec
ord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in t
he
sub
ject
sit
eC
umb
erla
nd P
lain
S
hale
Wo
od
land
s an
d S
hale
Gra
vel
Tran
siti
on
Fo
rest
(f
eder
al li
stin
g)
Co
mp
one
nt
EE
Cs
liste
d
sep
arat
ely
CE
EC
Co
mm
unit
y m
app
ed
as o
ccur
ring
wit
hin
10 k
m (
NP
WS
, 20
02)
; C
om
mun
ity
likel
y to
occ
ur w
ithi
n ar
ea
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Gra
ssy
wo
od
land
s an
d fo
rest
s o
f th
e sh
ale
hills
and
pla
ins
of
the
Cum
ber
land
Pla
in a
nd a
sso
ciat
ed t
rans
itio
nal
com
mun
itie
s o
n sh
ale-
gra
vel s
oils
. Can
op
y ty
pic
ally
d
om
inat
ed b
y E
ucal
yptu
s m
oluc
cana
, E. t
eret
icor
nis
and
/or
E. fi
bro
sa. S
par
se s
mal
l tre
e st
ratu
m o
f yo
ung
euc
alyp
ts a
nd
Aca
cia
spec
ies
and
/or
shru
b la
yer
do
min
ated
by
Bur
saria
sp
inos
a m
ay b
e p
rese
nt. U
nder
sto
rey
com
pri
ses
per
enni
al
nati
ve g
rass
es, g
rass
like
and
no
n-w
oo
dy
pla
nts.
Ab
sent
. CP
W o
ccur
s in
Pem
bro
ke P
ark
to t
he n
ort
h o
f th
e su
bje
ct s
ite.
Cum
ber
land
Pla
in
Wo
od
land
in t
he
Syd
ney
Bas
in
Bio
reg
ion
EE
CC
EE
CC
om
mun
ity
map
ped
as
occ
urri
ng w
ithi
n 10
km
(N
PW
S, 2
00
2)
Gra
ssy
wo
od
land
/fo
rest
end
emic
to
the
hill
s an
d p
lain
s o
f th
e C
umb
erla
nd P
lain
. Can
op
y ty
pic
ally
do
min
ated
by
Euc
alyp
tus
mo
lucc
ana,
and
E. t
eret
icor
nis,
wit
h E
. cre
bra
, C
orym
bia
mac
ulat
a an
d E
. eug
enoi
des
occ
urri
ng le
ss
freq
uent
ly. S
hrub
laye
r d
om
inat
ed b
y B
ursa
ria s
pin
osa,
and
g
rass
es s
uch
as T
hem
eda
aust
ralis
and
Mic
rola
ena
stip
oid
es
var
stip
oid
es.
Ab
sent
. Occ
urs
in
Pem
bro
ke P
ark
to t
he
nort
h o
f th
e su
bje
ct
site
.
Fre
shw
ater
W
etla
nds
on
Co
asta
l F
loo
dp
lain
s o
f th
e N
ew S
out
h W
ales
N
ort
h C
oas
t, Sy
dne
y B
asin
and
So
uth
Eas
t C
orn
er B
iore
gio
ns
EE
C-
Co
mm
unit
y m
app
ed a
s o
ccur
ring
wit
hin
10 k
m
(NP
WS
, 20
02)
Occ
urs
in c
oas
tal a
reas
sub
ject
to
per
iod
ic fl
oo
din
g w
ith
stan
din
g f
resh
wat
er fo
r at
leas
t p
art
of
the
year
. Typ
ical
ly
on
silt
s, m
uds
or
hum
ic lo
ams
bel
ow 2
0 m
ele
vati
on
in
low
-lyi
ng p
arts
of
floo
dp
lain
s, a
lluvi
al fl
ats,
dep
ress
ions
, d
rain
age
lines
, bac
ksw
amp
s, la
go
ons
and
lake
s. S
truc
ture
an
d c
om
po
siti
on
vari
es s
pat
ially
and
tem
po
rally
dep
end
ing
o
n th
e w
ater
reg
ime,
tho
ugh
is u
sual
ly d
om
inat
ed b
y he
rbac
eous
pla
nts
and
has
few
wo
od
y sp
ecie
s.
Ab
sent
. No
ap
pro
pri
ate
wet
land
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt.
Riv
er-F
lat
Euc
alyp
t F
ore
st o
n C
oas
tal
Flo
od
pla
ins
of
the
New
So
uth
Wal
es
No
rth
Co
ast,
Syd
ney
Bas
in a
nd S
out
h E
ast
Co
rner
Bio
reg
ions
EE
C-
Co
mm
unit
y m
app
ed a
s o
ccur
ring
wit
hin
10 k
m
(NP
WS
, 20
02)
Occ
urs
on
flats
, dra
inag
e lin
es a
nd r
iver
ter
race
s o
f co
asta
l flo
od
pla
ins
whe
re fl
oo
din
g is
per
iod
ic a
nd s
oils
gen
eral
ly
rich
in s
ilt, l
ack
dee
p h
umic
laye
rs a
nd h
ave
littl
e o
r no
sal
ine
(sal
t) in
fluen
ce. O
ccur
s so
uth
fro
m P
ort
Ste
phe
ns in
the
N
SW N
ort
h C
oas
t, Sy
dne
y B
asin
and
So
uth
Eas
t C
orn
er
bio
reg
ions
. Cha
ract
eris
ed b
y a
tall
op
en c
ano
py
laye
r o
f eu
caly
pts
wit
h va
riab
le s
pec
ies
com
po
siti
on.
Pre
sent
. Po
or
cond
itio
n R
FE
F
pre
sent
wit
h re
gro
wth
A
caci
a d
ecur
rens
an
d E
ucal
yptu
s te
retic
orni
s ov
er a
n ex
oti
c un
der
sto
rey.
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1476
Com
mun
ity
TSC
Act
st
atus
EP
BC
Act
st
atus
Typ
e of
rec
ord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in t
he
sub
ject
sit
eS
hale
gra
vel
Tran
siti
on
Fo
rest
in
the
Syd
ney
Bas
in
Bio
reg
ion
EE
CLi
sted
wit
h C
umb
erla
nd
Pla
in
Wo
od
land
(s
ee a
bov
e)
Co
mm
unit
y lik
ely
to o
ccur
wit
hin
area
(D
otE
, 20
14)
Pri
mar
ily in
the
no
rthe
rn s
ecti
on
of
the
Cum
ber
land
Pla
in,
also
foun
d in
Liv
erp
oo
l/;H
ols
wo
rthy
, Ban
ksto
wn,
Yen
nora
, V
illaw
oo
d a
nd K
emp
s C
reek
are
as. O
ccur
s p
rim
arily
whe
re
shal
low
dep
osi
ts f
rom
anc
ient
riv
er s
yste
ms
over
lay
shal
e so
ils, b
ut a
lso
ass
oci
ated
wit
h lo
calis
ed c
onc
entr
atio
ns o
f iro
n-ha
rden
ed g
rave
l. O
pen
fore
st w
ith
cano
py
do
min
ated
by
Euc
alyp
tus
fibro
sa, E
. mol
ucca
na a
nd E
. ter
etic
orni
s,
oft
en w
ith
smal
l tre
e la
yer
of
Mel
aleu
ca d
ecor
a ov
er a
sp
arse
sh
rub
laye
r. G
rad
es in
to C
umb
erla
nd P
lain
Wo
od
land
whe
re
the
influ
ence
of
gra
vel s
oil
dec
lines
, and
into
Co
oks
Riv
er/
Cas
tler
eag
h Ir
onb
ark
Fo
rest
or
Cas
tler
eag
h S
crib
bly
Gum
W
oo
dla
nd w
here
gra
vel d
epo
sits
are
thi
ck.
Ab
sent
. No
sui
tab
le
gra
vel/
shal
e tr
ansi
tio
n ha
bit
at p
rese
nt.
Sha
le/S
and
sto
ne
Tran
siti
on
Fo
rest
EE
CE
EC
Co
mm
unit
y m
app
ed a
s o
ccur
ring
wit
hin
10 k
m
(NP
WS
, 20
02)
Occ
urs
on
the
edg
es o
f th
e C
umb
erla
nd P
lain
whe
re c
lay
soils
on
shal
e in
terg
rad
e w
ith
sand
sto
ne s
oils
, or
whe
re
shal
e ca
ps
over
lay
sand
sto
ne. S
pec
ies
com
po
siti
on
vari
able
d
epen
din
g o
n so
il in
fluen
ces.
Do
min
ant
tree
sp
ecie
s in
clud
e E
ucal
yptu
s te
retic
orni
s, E
. pun
ctat
a, E
. glo
boi
dea
, E
. eug
enio
ides
, E. fi
bro
sa a
nd E
. cre
bra
. Are
as w
ith
a lo
w s
and
sto
ne in
fluen
ce h
ave
an u
nder
sto
rey
clo
ser
to
Cum
ber
land
Pla
in W
oo
dla
nd.
Ab
sent
. Sub
ject
site
no
t lo
cate
d in
the
ap
pro
pri
ate
area
.
Swam
p O
ak
Flo
od
pla
in F
ore
st o
f th
e N
ew S
out
h W
ales
N
ort
h C
oas
t, Sy
dne
y B
asin
and
So
uth
Eas
t C
orn
er B
iore
gio
ns
EE
C-
Co
mm
unit
y m
app
ed a
s o
ccur
ring
wit
hin
10 k
m
(NP
WS
, 20
02)
Typ
ical
ly o
ccur
s b
elow
20
m a
sl o
n w
ater
log
ged
or
per
iod
ical
ly in
und
ated
flat
s, d
rain
age
lines
, lak
e m
arg
ins
and
es
tuar
ine
frin
ges
on
coas
tal fl
oo
dp
lain
s o
f N
SW. A
sso
ciat
ed
wit
h g
rey-
bla
ck c
lay-
loam
s an
d s
and
y lo
ams,
sal
ine
or
sub
-sa
line
gro
und
wat
er. S
truc
ture
var
iab
le f
rom
op
en fo
rest
s to
sc
rub
s o
r re
edla
nds
wit
h sc
atte
red
tre
es. C
ano
py
do
min
ated
by
Cas
uarin
a g
lauc
a (n
ort
h o
f B
erm
agui
) o
r M
elal
euca
er
icifo
lia (
sout
h o
f B
erm
agui
). U
nder
sto
rey
char
acte
rise
d
by f
req
uent
occ
urre
nces
of
vine
s, a
sp
arse
cov
er o
f sh
rub
s,
and
a c
ont
inuo
us g
roun
dco
ver
of
forb
s, s
edg
es, g
rass
es a
nd
leaf
litt
er.
Ab
sent
. No
ap
pro
pri
ate
spec
ies
pre
sent
.
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1477
Com
mun
ity
TSC
Act
st
atus
EP
BC
Act
st
atus
Typ
e of
rec
ord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in t
he
sub
ject
sit
eSw
amp
Scl
ero
phy
ll F
ore
st o
n C
oas
tal
Flo
od
pla
ins
of
the
New
So
uth
Wal
es
No
rth
Co
ast,
Syd
ney
Bas
in a
nd S
out
h E
ast
Co
rner
Bio
reg
ions
EE
C-
Co
mm
unit
y lik
ely
to o
ccur
wit
hin
area
(D
otE
, 20
14)
Usu
ally
occ
urs
bel
ow 2
0m
asl
(so
met
imes
up
to
50
m).
A
sso
ciat
ed w
ith
hum
ic c
lay
loam
s an
d s
and
y lo
ams,
o
n w
ater
log
ged
or
per
iod
ical
ly in
und
ated
allu
vial
flat
s an
d d
rain
age
lines
ass
oci
ated
wit
h co
asta
l flo
od
pla
ins.
C
hara
cter
ised
by
op
en t
o d
ense
tre
e la
yer
of
euca
lyp
ts a
nd
pap
erb
arks
, wit
h tr
ees
up t
o o
r hi
ghe
r th
an 2
5 m
. Inc
lud
es
area
s o
f fe
rn la
nd a
nd t
all r
eed
or
sed
ge
land
, whe
re t
rees
ar
e sp
arse
or
abse
nt.
Ab
sent
. No
ap
pro
pri
ate
spec
ies
pre
sent
.
Syd
ney
Turp
enti
ne-
Iro
nbar
k F
ore
stE
EC
CE
EC
Co
mm
unit
y m
app
ed
as o
ccur
ring
wit
hin
10 k
m (
NP
WS
, 20
02)
; co
mm
unit
y m
ay o
ccur
w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
otE
, 20
14)
Occ
urs
on
the
Cum
ber
land
Pla
in, w
ith
mo
st r
emna
nts
in B
aulk
ham
Hill
s, H
awke
sbur
y, H
orn
sby,
Ku-
ring
-gai
, P
arra
mat
ta, R
yde,
Sut
herl
and
and
Wo
llond
illy
LGA
s. O
pen
fo
rest
cha
ract
eris
ed b
y Sy
ncar
pia
glo
mul
ifera
, Euc
alyp
tus
pun
ctat
a, E
ucal
yptu
s p
anic
ulat
a an
d E
. eug
enoi
des
. In
area
s o
f hi
gh
rain
fall
(ove
r 10
50 m
m p
er a
nnum
) E
. sal
igna
is m
ore
d
om
inan
t. S
par
se s
hrub
str
atum
of
Pitt
osp
orum
und
ulat
um
and
Pol
ysci
as s
amb
ucifo
lia.
Ab
sent
. No
ap
pro
pri
ate
spec
ies
pre
sent
. Sub
ject
site
no
t lo
cate
d w
ithi
n d
istr
ibut
ion.
Up
land
Bas
alt
Euc
alyp
t F
ore
sts
of
the
Syd
ney
Bas
in
Bio
reg
ion
EE
CC
om
mun
ity
likel
y to
occ
ur w
ithi
n ar
ea
(Do
tE, 2
014
)
Gen
eral
ly c
onfi
ned
to
the
Syd
ney
Bas
in IB
RA
Bio
reg
ion
alth
oug
h so
me
occ
urre
nces
may
ext
end
out
sid
e th
e Sy
dne
y B
asin
Bio
reg
ion
bo
und
ary,
e.g
. the
so
uthe
rn e
xten
t at
S
assa
fras
, eas
t o
f N
erri
ga
NSW
, and
pat
ches
on
the
Boy
d
Pla
teau
and
Mt
Wer
ong
. Gen
eral
ly t
all o
pen
euc
alyp
t fo
rest
s fo
und
on
igne
ous
ro
ck (
pre
do
min
atel
y Te
rtia
ry b
asal
t an
d
mic
rosy
enite
) in
, or
adja
cent
to,
the
Syd
ney
Bas
in B
iore
gio
n.
Ab
sent
. Sub
ject
site
o
utsi
de
dis
trib
utio
n o
f th
e co
mm
unit
y.
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1478
Com
mun
ity
TSC
Act
st
atus
EP
BC
Act
st
atus
Typ
e of
rec
ord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in t
he
sub
ject
sit
eW
este
rn S
ydne
y D
ry
Rai
nfo
rest
and
Mo
ist
Wo
od
land
on
Sha
le
EE
C
(co
mp
-o
nent
s lis
ted
se
par
atel
y)
CE
EC
Co
mm
unit
y lik
ely
to o
ccur
wit
hin
area
(D
otE
, 20
14)
Incl
udes
tw
o c
om
mun
itie
s lis
ted
und
er t
he T
SC
Act
: W
este
rn S
ydne
y D
ry R
ainf
ore
st a
nd M
ois
t S
hale
Wo
od
land
. Th
e co
mm
unit
y as
list
ed u
nder
the
EP
BC
Act
occ
urs
on
shal
e su
bst
rate
and
ran
ges
fro
m d
ry r
ainf
ore
st w
ith
clo
sed
no
n-eu
caly
pt
cano
py w
hich
tra
nsit
ions
to
mo
ist
euca
lyp
t w
oo
dla
nd w
ith
a re
lati
vely
op
en c
ano
py,
gen
eral
ly o
n sl
op
es a
bov
e th
e ra
info
rest
. In
shel
tere
d g
ullie
s, g
ener
ally
ch
arac
teri
sed
by
an in
terr
upte
d c
ano
py
of
Mel
aleu
ca
styp
helio
ides
wit
h sc
atte
red
em
erg
ent
Euc
alyp
tus
spec
ies,
a
pre
do
min
antl
y m
esic
shr
ub s
trat
um, s
om
e ch
arac
teri
stic
ra
info
rest
sp
ecie
s (e
.g. A
lect
ryon
sub
cine
reus
, Str
eblu
s p
end
ulin
us)
and
a s
par
se g
roun
dco
ver.
Vin
es a
nd c
limb
ers
are
com
mo
n. P
rick
ly s
hrub
s ar
e al
so c
om
mo
n an
d
char
acte
rist
ic (
e.g
. Pitt
osp
orum
mul
tiflor
um).
In m
ore
m
arg
inal
site
s, c
an t
ake
on
its
mo
ist
wo
od
land
form
whe
re
euca
lyp
ts d
om
inat
e a
slig
htly
mo
re o
pen
can
op
y. T
he m
ois
t w
oo
dla
nd fo
rm h
as a
sim
ilar
mes
ic s
hrub
laye
r co
nsis
ting
of
man
y o
f th
e sa
me
shru
b a
nd g
roun
d-l
ayer
sp
ecie
s th
at a
re
typ
ical
of
dry
rai
nfo
rest
but
wit
h le
ss v
ines
and
clim
ber
s.
Ab
sent
. No
ap
pro
pri
ate
spec
ies
pre
sent
.
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1479
Thre
aten
ed fl
ora
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
nam
eTS
C
Act
st
atus
EP
BC
A
ct
Stat
us
Typ
e of
rec
ord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in t
he
sub
ject
sit
eC
ynan
chum
el
egan
sW
hite
-flow
ered
Wax
P
lant
E1
ES
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
like
ly t
o
occ
ur w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
); 1
re
cord
fro
m 19
92
wit
hin
10 k
m
(OE
H, 2
014
a)
Occ
urs
fro
m G
erro
a (I
llaw
arra
) to
Bru
nsw
ick
Hea
ds
and
wes
t to
Mer
riw
a in
the
up
per
Hun
ter.
Mo
st c
om
mo
n ne
ar K
emp
sey.
Usu
ally
occ
urs
on
the
edg
e o
f d
ry r
ainf
ore
st o
r lit
tora
l rai
nfo
rest
, b
ut a
lso
occ
urs
in C
oas
tal B
anks
ia S
crub
, op
en
fore
st a
nd w
oo
dla
nd, a
nd M
elal
euca
scr
ub. S
oil
and
geo
log
y ty
pes
are
no
t lim
itin
g.
Unl
ikel
y. S
ite is
in
po
or
cond
itio
n an
d is
d
om
inat
ed b
y M
oth
V
ine
and
Bla
ckb
erry
w
ith
reg
row
th A
caci
a d
ecur
rens
and
E
ucal
yptu
s te
retic
orni
s.
Mar
sden
ia
virid
iflor
a su
bsp
. vi
ridifl
ora
Mar
sden
ia v
iridi
flora
R
. Br.
subs
p. v
iridi
flora
po
pula
tion
in th
e B
anks
tow
n, B
lack
tow
n,
Cam
den,
Cam
pbel
ltow
n,
Fairfi
eld,
Hol
royd
, Li
verp
ool a
nd P
enrit
h lo
cal g
over
nmen
t are
as
E2
3
reco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H,
2014
a)
Rec
ent
reco
rds
are
fro
m P
rosp
ect,
Ban
ksto
wn,
S
mit
hfiel
d, C
abra
mat
ta C
reek
and
St
Mar
ys.
Pre
vio
usly
kno
wn
nort
h fr
om
Raz
orb
ack
Ran
ge.
A
clim
ber
tha
t g
row
s in
vin
e th
icke
ts a
nd o
pen
sh
ale
wo
od
land
.
Unl
ikel
y. L
ack
of
suit
able
vi
ne t
hick
et o
r sh
ale
wo
od
land
pre
sent
.
Allo
casu
arin
a g
lare
icol
aE
1E
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at m
ay o
ccur
w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
Pri
mar
ily r
estr
icte
d t
o s
mal
l po
pul
atio
ns in
an
d a
roun
d C
astl
erea
gh
NR
(N
W C
umb
erla
nd
Pla
in),
but
wit
h an
out
lier
po
pul
atio
n at
Voy
ager
P
oin
t, Li
verp
oo
l. A
lso
rep
ort
ed f
rom
Ho
lsw
ort
hy
Mili
tary
Are
a. G
row
s o
n te
rtia
ry a
lluvi
al g
rave
ls,
wit
h ye
llow
cla
yey
sub
soil
and
late
riti
c so
il.
Occ
urs
in C
astl
erea
gh
op
en w
oo
dla
nd.
Nil.
No
Cas
tler
eag
h o
pen
w
oo
dla
nd p
rese
nt.
Leuc
opog
on
exol
asiu
sW
oro
nora
Bea
rd-h
eath
VV
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at li
kely
to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14);
3
reco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H,
2014
a)
Occ
urs
alon
g t
he u
pp
er G
eorg
es R
iver
and
in
Hea
thco
te N
P, R
oyal
NP
and
is a
lso
know
n fr
om t
he B
lue
Mou
ntai
ns a
long
the
Gro
se R
iver
. G
row
s in
woo
dla
nd o
n sa
ndst
one
and
pre
fers
ro
cky
hills
ides
alo
ng c
reek
ban
ks u
p t
o 10
0 m
al
titud
e. A
ssoc
iate
d s
pec
ies
incl
ude
Euc
alyp
tus
pip
erita
and
E. s
ieb
eri a
nd P
ulte
naea
flex
ilis,
Le
pto
sper
mum
trin
ervi
um a
nd D
illw
ynia
reto
rta.
Unl
ikel
y. L
ack
of
suit
able
ro
cky
hills
ide
hab
itat
o
r as
soci
ated
sp
ecie
s p
rese
nt.
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1480
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
nam
eTS
C
Act
st
atus
EP
BC
A
ct
Stat
us
Typ
e of
rec
ord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in t
he
sub
ject
sit
eLe
ucop
ogon
fle
tche
ri su
bsp
. fle
tche
ri
E1
1 r
eco
rd f
rom
19
89 w
ithi
n 10
km
(O
EH
, 20
14a)
Res
tric
ted
to
NW
Syd
ney
bet
wee
n St
Alb
ans
and
Ann
ang
rove
, wit
hin
the
Haw
kesb
ury,
The
H
ills
and
Blu
e M
oun
tain
s LG
As.
Occ
urs
in d
ry
euca
lyp
t w
oo
dla
nd o
r sh
rub
land
on
clay
ey
late
riti
c so
ils, g
ener
ally
on
flat
to g
entl
y sl
op
ing
te
rrai
n al
ong
rid
ges
and
sp
urs.
Flo
wer
s A
ugus
t to
Sep
tem
ber
.
Unl
ikel
y. L
ack
of
suit
able
ri
dg
e o
r sp
ur t
erra
in a
nd
und
erst
ore
y d
om
inat
ed
by
exo
tic
spec
ies.
Pul
tena
ea
par
viflo
raE
1V
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at li
kely
to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Occ
urs
on
the
Cum
ber
land
Pla
in, w
ith
core
d
istr
ibut
ion
fro
m W
ind
sor
to P
enri
th a
nd e
ast
to D
ean
Par
k, a
nd o
utlie
rs in
Kem
ps
Cre
ek
and
Wilb
erfo
rce.
Gro
ws
in d
ry s
cler
op
hyll
wo
od
land
s, fo
rest
or
in g
rass
land
s o
n W
iana
mat
ta S
hale
, lat
erite
or
Tert
iary
allu
vium
, o
n in
fert
ile s
and
y to
cla
y so
ils. A
sso
ciat
ed
com
mun
itie
s in
clud
e C
astl
erea
gh
Iro
nbar
k F
ore
st, S
hale
Gra
vel t
rans
itio
n F
ore
st a
nd
inte
rgra
de
wit
h C
astl
erea
gh
Scr
ibb
ly G
um
Wo
od
land
.
Nil.
Lac
k o
f as
soci
ated
co
mm
unit
ies
wit
hin
the
site
and
mid
sto
rey
do
min
ated
by
exo
tic
spec
ies.
Aca
cia
byno
eana
Byn
oe’
s W
attl
eE
1V
1 rec
ord
fro
m
199
0 w
ithi
n 10
km
(O
EH
, 20
14a)
End
emic
to
cen
tral
eas
tern
NSW
, cur
rent
ly
know
n fr
om
onl
y 34
loca
tio
ns, m
any
of
onl
y 1-
5 p
lant
s. G
row
s m
ainl
y in
hea
th/
dry
scl
ero
phy
ll fo
rest
on
sand
y so
ils, p
refe
rs o
pen
, so
met
imes
sl
ight
ly d
istu
rbed
site
s su
ch a
s tr
ail m
arg
ins,
ro
ad e
dg
es, a
nd in
rec
entl
y b
urnt
op
en p
atch
es.
Flo
wer
s S
epte
mb
er t
o M
arch
, and
fru
it m
atur
es
in N
ovem
ber
.
Unl
ikel
y. L
ack
of
heat
h/in
tact
dry
scl
ero
phy
ll fo
rest
, lac
k o
f o
pen
are
as
and
mid
and
und
erst
ore
y ar
e d
om
inat
ed b
y ex
oti
c sp
ecie
s th
at w
oul
d o
ut-
com
pet
e th
is s
pec
ies.
GH
D |
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spor
t fo
r N
SW –
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er S
upp
ly U
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rad
e P
rog
ram
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into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1481
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
nam
eTS
C
Act
st
atus
EP
BC
A
ct
Stat
us
Typ
e of
rec
ord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in t
he
sub
ject
sit
eA
caci
a p
ubes
cens
Dow
ny W
attl
eV
VS
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
like
ly t
o
occ
ur w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
);
1 rec
ord
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H,
2014
a)
Occ
urs
mai
nly
in B
anks
tow
n-Fa
irfie
ld-
Ro
okw
oo
d a
nd P
itt
Tow
n ar
eas,
wit
h o
utlie
rs a
t B
ard
en R
idg
e, O
akd
ale
and
Mo
unta
in L
ago
on.
G
row
s o
n al
luvi
ums,
sha
les
and
sha
le/s
and
sto
ne
inte
rgra
des
. So
ils c
hara
cter
isti
cally
gra
vely
, o
ften
wit
h iro
nsto
ne. O
ccur
s in
op
en w
oo
dla
nd
and
fore
st, i
n co
mm
unit
ies
incl
udin
g C
oo
ks
Riv
er/
Cas
tler
eag
h Ir
onb
ark
Fo
rest
, Sha
le/
Gra
vel T
rans
itio
n F
ore
st a
nd C
umb
erla
nd P
lain
W
oo
dla
nd. F
low
ers
Aug
ust
to O
cto
ber
.
Unl
ikel
y. L
ack
of
gra
velly
so
ils. M
idst
ore
y d
om
inat
ed b
y ex
oti
c sp
ecie
s.
Pel
arg
oniu
m
sp. S
tria
tellu
m
(G.W
. Car
r 10
345)
Om
eo S
tork
sbill
E1
ES
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
may
occ
ur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Om
eo S
tork
sbill
Pel
arg
oniu
m s
p. (
G.W
. Car
r 10
345)
, syn
. P. s
tria
tellu
m, i
s a
tuft
ed p
eren
nial
fo
rb k
now
n fr
om
onl
y 3
loca
tio
ns in
NSW
, w
ith
two
on
lake
-bed
s o
n th
e b
asal
t p
lain
s o
f th
e M
ona
ro a
nd o
ne a
t La
ke B
athu
rst.
It h
as
a na
rrow
hab
itat
tha
t is
usu
ally
just
ab
ove
the
hig
h-w
ater
leve
l of
irre
gul
arly
inun
dat
ed o
r ep
hem
eral
lake
s, in
the
tra
nsit
ion
zone
bet
wee
n su
rro
und
ing
gra
ssla
nds
or
pas
ture
and
the
w
etla
nd o
r aq
uati
c co
mm
unit
ies.
Nil.
Out
sid
e kn
own
rang
e an
d la
ck o
f su
itab
le
aqua
tic
hab
itat
pre
sent
.
Hal
orag
is
exal
ata
sub
sp.
exal
ata
Sq
uare
Ras
pw
ort
VV
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at m
ay o
ccur
w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
Occ
urs
in 4
wid
ely
scat
tere
d lo
calit
ies
in
east
ern
NSW
, in
the
cent
ral c
oas
t, so
uth
coas
t an
d n
ort
h-w
este
rn s
lop
es. R
equi
res
pro
tect
ed
and
sha
ded
dam
p s
itua
tio
ns in
rip
aria
n ha
bit
ats.
Nil.
Lac
k o
f su
itab
le
shad
ed, d
amp
and
in
tact
rip
aria
n ha
bit
at
pre
sent
. Mid
sto
rey
and
un
der
sto
rey
do
min
ated
b
y ex
oti
c sp
ecie
s.
GH
D |
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spor
t fo
r N
SW –
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er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
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into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1482
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
nam
eTS
C
Act
st
atus
EP
BC
A
ct
Stat
us
Typ
e of
rec
ord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in t
he
sub
ject
sit
eSt
reb
lus
pen
dul
inus
Sia
h’s
Bac
kbo
neE
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at li
kely
to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Sia
h’s
Bac
kbo
ne o
ccur
s fr
om
Cap
e Yo
rk
Pen
insu
la t
o M
ilto
n, s
out
h-ea
st N
ew S
out
h W
ales
(N
SW),
as
wel
l as
No
rfo
lk Is
land
(A
TR
P
2010
; Jes
sup
20
03;
The
Roy
al B
ota
nic
Gar
den
s an
d D
om
ain
Trus
t 20
11).
Sia
h’s
Bac
kbo
ne is
fo
und
in w
arm
er r
ainf
ore
sts,
chi
efly
alo
ng
wat
erco
urse
s. T
he s
pec
ies
gro
ws
in w
ell-
dev
elo
ped
rai
nfo
rest
, gal
lery
fore
st a
nd d
rier
, m
ore
sea
sona
l rai
nfo
rest
(A
TR
P 2
010
).
Nil.
Lac
k o
f ra
info
rest
ve
get
atio
n p
rese
nt.
Mel
aleu
ca
bic
onve
xaB
ico
nvex
Pap
erb
ark
VV
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at m
ay o
ccur
w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
Sca
tter
ed, d
isju
nct
po
pul
atio
ns in
co
asta
l ar
eas
fro
m J
ervi
s B
ay t
o P
ort
Mac
qua
rie,
wit
h m
ost
po
pul
atio
ns in
the
Go
sfo
rd-W
yong
are
as.
Gro
ws
in d
amp
pla
ces,
oft
en n
ear
stre
ams
or
low
-lyi
ng a
reas
on
allu
vial
so
ils o
f lo
w s
lop
es o
r sh
elte
red
asp
ects
.
Unl
ikel
y. S
ite is
in p
oo
r co
ndit
ion
and
mid
and
un
der
sto
rey
is d
om
inat
ed
by
exo
tic
spec
ies.
Mel
aleu
ca
dea
nei
Dea
ne’s
Pap
erb
ark
VV
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at li
kely
to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14);
9
reco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H,
2014
a)
Occ
urs
fro
m N
owra
- St
Alb
ans
and
wes
t to
the
B
lue
Mo
unta
ins,
wit
h m
ost
rec
ord
s in
Ku-
ring
-g
ai /
Ber
owra
and
Ho
lsw
ort
hy/W
edd
erb
urn
area
s. M
ost
ly g
row
s o
n b
road
flat
rid
get
op
s, d
ry
rid
ges
and
slo
pes
and
str
ong
ly a
sso
ciat
ed w
ith
low
nut
rien
t sa
ndy
loam
so
ils, s
om
etim
es w
ith
irons
tone
. Gro
ws
in h
eath
- o
pen
fore
st, o
ften
in
sand
sto
ne r
idg
eto
p w
oo
dla
nd c
om
mun
itie
s.
Unl
ikel
y. L
ack
of
rid
get
op
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt.
GH
D |
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spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1483
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
nam
eTS
C
Act
st
atus
EP
BC
A
ct
Stat
us
Typ
e of
rec
ord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in t
he
sub
ject
sit
eC
ryp
tost
ylis
hu
nter
iana
Leafl
ess
Tong
ue
Orc
hid
VV
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at m
ay o
ccur
w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
Occ
urs
in c
oas
tal a
reas
fro
m E
ast
Gip
psl
and
to
so
uthe
rn Q
ueen
slan
d. H
abit
at p
refe
renc
es
not
wel
l defi
ned
. Gro
ws
mo
stly
in c
oas
tal
heat
hlan
ds,
mar
gin
s o
f co
asta
l sw
amp
s an
d
sed
gel
and
s, c
oas
tal f
ore
st, d
ry w
oo
dla
nd,
and
low
land
fore
st. P
refe
rs o
pen
are
as in
the
un
der
sto
rey
and
is o
ften
foun
d in
ass
oci
atio
n w
ith
Cry
pto
styl
is s
ubul
ata
and
the
Cry
pto
styl
is
erec
ta. S
oils
incl
ude
mo
ist
sand
s, m
ois
t to
dry
cl
ay lo
am a
nd o
ccas
iona
lly in
acc
umul
ated
eu
caly
pt
leav
es. F
low
ers
Nov
emb
er-F
ebru
ary.
Nil.
Site
is in
po
or
cond
itio
n an
d m
id a
nd
und
erst
ore
y is
do
min
ated
b
y ex
oti
c sp
ecie
s.
Gen
ople
sium
b
auer
iB
auer
’s M
idg
e O
rchi
dE
1E
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at li
kely
to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Occ
urs
fro
m U
llad
ulla
to
Po
rt S
tep
hens
, wit
h o
nly
13 k
now
n ex
tant
po
pul
atio
ns. G
row
s in
sp
arse
scl
ero
phy
ll fo
rest
and
mo
ss g
ard
ens
over
san
dst
one
Nil.
Site
is in
po
or
cond
itio
n w
ith
a d
ense
exo
tic
mid
and
un
der
sto
rey.
No
mo
ss
gar
den
s ov
er s
and
sto
ne
pre
sent
.
Pte
rost
ylis
g
ibb
osa
Illaw
arra
Gre
enho
od
E1
ES
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
may
occ
ur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Kno
wn
fro
m a
sm
all n
umb
er o
f p
op
ulat
ions
in
the
Illaw
arra
, Now
ra a
nd H
unte
r re
gio
ns. F
irst
co
llect
ed in
wes
tern
Syd
ney.
Onl
y vi
sib
le a
bov
e th
e g
roun
d b
etw
een
late
sum
mer
and
sp
ring
, an
d o
nly
whe
n so
il m
ois
ture
leve
ls c
an s
usta
in
its
gro
wth
. Gro
ws
in o
pen
fore
st o
r w
oo
dla
nd,
on
flat
or
gen
tly
slo
pin
g la
nd w
ith
po
or
dra
inag
e. In
the
Illa
war
ra r
egio
n, t
he s
pec
ies
gro
ws
in w
oo
dla
nd d
om
inat
ed b
y E
ucal
yptu
s te
retic
orni
s, E
. lon
gifo
lia a
nd M
elal
euca
dec
ora.
N
ear
Now
ra, t
he s
pec
ies
gro
ws
in a
n o
pen
fo
rest
of
Cor
ymb
ia m
acul
ata,
E.te
retic
orni
s an
d
E. p
anic
ulat
a. In
the
Hun
ter
reg
ion,
the
sp
ecie
s g
row
s in
op
en w
oo
dla
nd d
om
inat
ed b
y E
. cr
ebra
, E.te
retic
orni
s an
d C
allit
ris e
ndlic
heri.
Nil.
Site
is in
po
or
cond
itio
n an
d m
id a
nd
und
erst
ore
y is
do
min
ated
b
y ex
oti
c sp
ecie
s. L
ack
of
asso
ciat
ed s
pec
ies.
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1484
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
nam
eTS
C
Act
st
atus
EP
BC
A
ct
Stat
us
Typ
e of
rec
ord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in t
he
sub
ject
sit
eP
tero
styl
is
saxi
cola
Syd
ney
Pla
ins
Gre
enho
od
E1
ES
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
kno
wn
to
occ
ur w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
); 7
re
cord
s w
ithi
n 10
km
(O
EH
, 20
14a)
Occ
urs
in w
este
rn S
ydne
y b
etw
een
Pic
ton
and
F
reem
ans
Rea
ch. G
row
s in
sm
all p
ock
ets
of
shal
low
so
il in
dep
ress
ions
on
sand
sto
ne r
ock
sh
elve
s ab
ove
cliff
line
s. A
sso
ciat
ed v
eget
atio
n ab
ove
thes
e ro
ck s
helv
es is
scl
ero
phy
ll fo
rest
o
r w
oo
dla
nd o
n sh
ale
or
shal
e/sa
ndst
one
tr
ansi
tio
n so
ils.
Unl
ikel
y. L
ack
of
suit
able
sa
ndst
one
ro
ck s
helv
es
pre
sent
.
Thel
ymitr
a sp
. K
ang
alo
on
Kan
gal
oo
n S
un O
rchi
dE
4A
CE
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at m
ay o
ccur
w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
Onl
y kn
own
fro
m t
hree
loca
tio
ns n
ear
Ro
ber
tso
n in
the
So
uthe
rn H
ighl
and
s. G
row
s in
se
aso
nally
sw
amp
y se
dg
elan
d o
n g
rey
silt
y cl
ay
loam
at
60
0–7
00
m a
bov
e se
a le
vel.
Flo
wer
s in
la
te O
cto
ber
and
ear
ly N
ovem
ber
.
Nil.
Lac
k o
f sw
amp
y se
dg
elan
d p
rese
nt.
Gre
ville
a p
arvi
flora
su
bsp
. p
arvi
flora
Sm
all-
flow
er G
revi
llea
VV
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at li
kely
to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14);
2
reco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H,
2014
a)
Occ
urs
bet
wee
n M
oss
Val
e/B
arg
o a
nd lo
wer
H
unte
r V
alle
y, w
ith
mo
st o
ccur
renc
es in
Ap
pin
, W
edd
erb
urn,
Pic
ton
and
Bar
go.
Bro
ad h
abit
at
rang
e in
clud
ing
hea
th, s
hrub
by
wo
od
land
and
o
pen
fore
st o
n lig
ht c
lay
or
sand
y so
ils, a
nd
oft
en in
dis
turb
ed a
reas
suc
h as
on
the
frin
ges
o
f tr
acks
.
Unl
ikel
y. O
utsi
de
of
usua
l ar
ea o
f o
ccur
renc
e an
d
lack
of
dis
turb
ed e
dg
e ha
bit
at p
rese
nt t
hat
is
usua
lly fa
vour
ed b
y th
is
spec
ies.
Per
soon
ia
bar
goe
nsis
Bar
go
Gee
bun
gE
1V
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at li
kely
to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Res
tric
ted
to
the
wes
tern
ed
ge
of t
he W
oron
ora
Pla
teau
and
the
nor
ther
n ed
ge
of t
he S
outh
ern
Hig
hlan
ds,
bou
nded
by
Pic
ton,
Dou
gla
s P
ark,
Ya
nder
ra a
nd t
he C
atar
act
Riv
er. O
ccur
s in
w
ood
land
or
dry
scl
erop
hyll
fore
st o
n sa
ndst
one
and
cla
yey
late
rite
on h
eavi
er, w
ell d
rain
ed,
loam
y, g
rave
ly s
oils
of H
awke
sbur
y Sa
ndst
one
and
Wia
nam
atta
Sha
le. T
end
s to
occ
ur in
d
istu
rbed
are
as e
.g. r
oad
sid
es a
nd t
rail
mar
gin
s.
Nil.
Out
sid
e o
f us
ual a
rea
of
occ
urre
nce
and
lack
of
dis
turb
ed e
dg
e ha
bit
at
pre
sent
tha
t is
usu
ally
fa
vour
ed b
y th
is s
pec
ies.
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1485
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
nam
eTS
C
Act
st
atus
EP
BC
A
ct
Stat
us
Typ
e of
rec
ord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in t
he
sub
ject
sit
eP
erso
onia
hi
rsut
aH
airy
Gee
bun
gE
1E
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at li
kely
to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14);
4
reco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H,
2014
a)
Occ
urs
wit
hin
the
Blu
e M
oun
tain
s, S
out
hern
H
ighl
and
s an
d S
ydne
y co
asta
l reg
ions
fro
m
Hill
top
to
Gle
n D
avis
and
Roy
al N
P t
o G
osf
ord
. P
op
ulat
ion
wit
hin
the
Hill
s S
hire
par
ticu
larl
y im
po
rtan
t d
ue t
o h
igh
den
sity
of
pla
nts.
Gro
ws
on
sand
y so
ils in
dry
scl
ero
phy
ll o
pen
fore
st,
wo
od
land
and
hea
th o
n sa
ndst
one
up
to
60
0m
ab
ove
sea
leve
l.
Unl
ikel
y. S
ite is
in p
oo
r co
ndit
ion
and
mid
and
un
der
sto
rey
is d
om
inat
ed
by
exo
tic
spec
ies.
Per
soon
ia
nuta
nsN
od
din
g G
eeb
ung
E1
ES
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
like
ly t
o
occ
ur w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
); 3
re
cord
s w
ithi
n 10
km
(O
EH
, 20
14a)
Occ
urs
fro
m R
ichm
ond
to
Mac
qua
rie
Fie
lds
on
the
Cum
ber
land
Pla
in. G
row
s o
nly
on
aeo
lian
and
allu
vial
sed
imen
ts in
scl
ero
phy
ll fo
rest
and
w
oo
dla
nd v
eget
atio
n co
mm
unit
ies.
Lar
ges
t p
op
ulat
ions
occ
ur in
Ag
nes
Ban
ks W
oo
dla
nd o
r C
astl
erea
gh
Scr
ibb
ly G
um W
oo
dla
nd.
Unl
ikel
y. S
ite is
in p
oo
r co
ndit
ion
and
mid
and
un
der
sto
rey
is d
om
inat
ed
by
exo
tic
spec
ies.
Pom
ader
ris
bru
nnea
Bro
wn
Po
mad
erri
sV
VS
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
like
ly t
o
occ
ur w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
); 2
re
cord
s w
ithi
n 10
km
(O
EH
, 20
14a)
Mai
nly
occ
urs
in S
W S
ydne
y (W
ollo
ndill
y an
d
Cam
den
LG
As)
, wit
h o
ther
po
pul
atio
ns in
the
H
awke
sbur
y-W
olle
mi r
egio
n, n
ear
Wal
cha
in
the
New
Eng
land
tab
lela
nds
and
Gip
psl
and
in
VIC
. In
NSW
, gro
ws
in m
ois
t w
oo
dla
nd o
r o
pen
fo
rest
on
clay
and
allu
vial
so
ils o
n flo
od
pla
ins
and
cre
ek li
nes.
Nea
r Sy
dne
y o
ccur
s in
op
en
wo
od
land
do
min
ated
by
E. a
mp
lifol
ia w
ith
Allo
casu
arin
a sp
. and
Bur
saria
sp
. und
erst
ore
y,
or
on
allu
vial
flat
s w
ith
euca
lyp
ts in
clud
ing
E.
elat
a, E
. pip
erita
and
E. p
unct
ata
(Sut
ter
2011
).
Unl
ikel
y. O
utsi
de
of
usua
l are
a o
f o
ccur
renc
e an
d la
ck o
f as
soci
ated
sp
ecie
s.
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1486
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
nam
eTS
C
Act
st
atus
EP
BC
A
ct
Stat
us
Typ
e of
rec
ord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in t
he
sub
ject
sit
eA
ster
olas
ia
eleg
ans
E1
ES
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
like
ly t
o
occ
ur w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
Occ
urs
nort
h o
f Sy
dne
y, in
the
Bau
lkha
m H
ills,
H
awke
sbur
y an
d H
orn
sby
LGA
s, m
ay a
lso
o
ccur
in t
he w
este
rn p
art
of
Go
sfo
rd L
GA
. 7
know
n p
op
ulat
ions
. Occ
urs
on
Haw
kesb
ury
sand
sto
ne, c
om
mo
nly
amo
ngst
ro
cky
out
cro
ps
and
bo
uld
ers
in s
helte
red
fore
sts
on
mid
- to
lo
wer
slo
pes
and
val
leys
.
Nil.
Lac
k o
f ro
cky
out
cro
p h
abit
at p
rese
nt
and
out
sid
e o
f us
ual a
rea
of
occ
urre
nce.
Pim
elea
cu
rvifl
ora
var.
curv
iflor
a
VV
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at li
kely
to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Co
nfine
d t
o a
rea
bet
wee
n no
rth
Syd
ney
in t
he
sout
h an
d M
aro
ota
in t
he n
ort
h-w
est.
Fo
rmer
ra
nge
exte
nded
to
Par
ram
atta
Riv
er in
clud
ing
F
ive
Do
ck, B
elle
vue
Hill
and
Man
ly. G
row
s o
n sh
aley
/lat
erit
ic s
oils
ove
r sa
ndst
one
and
sha
le/
sand
sto
ne t
rans
itio
n so
ils o
n ri
dg
eto
ps
and
up
per
slo
pes
am
ong
st w
oo
dla
nds.
Oft
en g
row
s am
ong
st d
ense
gra
sses
and
sed
ges
. Flo
wer
s O
cto
ber
to
May
.
Unl
ikel
y. S
ite is
in p
oo
r co
ndit
ion
and
mid
and
un
der
sto
rey
is d
om
inat
ed
by
exo
tic
spec
ies.
Pim
elea
sp
icat
aS
pik
ed R
ice-
flow
erE
1E
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at k
now
n to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14);
42
reco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H,
2014
a)
Dis
junc
t p
op
ulat
ions
wit
hin
the
Cum
ber
land
P
lain
(fr
om
Mo
unt
Ann
an a
nd N
arel
lan
Val
e to
F
reem
ans
Rea
ch a
nd P
enri
th t
o G
eorg
es H
all)
an
d Il
law
arra
(fr
om
Mt
War
rig
al t
o G
erro
a)
(DE
C 2
00
5). I
n th
e C
umb
erla
nd P
lain
reg
ion,
re
stri
cted
to
are
as w
hich
sup
po
rt o
r hi
sto
rica
lly
sup
po
rted
Cum
ber
land
Pla
in W
oo
dla
nd. G
row
s o
n w
ell-
stru
ctur
ed c
lay
soils
der
ived
fro
m
Wia
nam
atta
Sha
le. I
n th
e Ill
awar
ra, g
row
s o
n va
riab
le s
oils
in c
lose
pro
xim
ity
to t
he c
oas
t o
n hi
lls o
r co
asta
l hea
dla
nds.
Inha
bit
s co
asta
l w
oo
dla
nd o
r g
rass
land
wit
h em
erg
ent
shru
bs
(DE
C 2
00
5).
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
Cum
ber
land
Pla
in
Wo
od
land
hab
itat
p
rese
nt.
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1487
Thre
aten
ed fa
una
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
re
cord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in
the
sub
ject
sit
eB
irds
Hie
raae
tus
mor
phn
oid
esLi
ttle
Eag
leV
9
rec
ord
s w
ithi
n 10
km
(O
EH
, 20
14a)
Occ
urs
thro
ugho
ut N
SW e
xcep
t m
ost
den
sely
fore
sted
p
arts
of
the
Div
idin
g R
ang
e es
carp
men
t. O
ccup
ies
hab
itat
s ri
ch in
pre
y w
ithi
n o
pen
euc
alyp
t fo
rest
, wo
od
land
or
op
en w
oo
dla
nd. S
heo
ak o
r ac
acia
wo
od
land
s an
d r
ipar
ian
wo
od
land
s o
f in
teri
or
NSW
are
als
o u
sed
. Fo
r ne
st s
ites
it
req
uire
s a
tall
livin
g t
ree
wit
hin
a re
mna
nt p
atch
, whe
re p
airs
b
uild
a la
rge
stic
k ne
st in
win
ter
and
lay
in e
arly
sp
ring
.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Lop
hoic
tinia
isur
aS
qua
re-
taile
d K
iteV
1 r
eco
rd w
ithi
n 10
km
(O
EH
, 20
14a)
Occ
urs
acro
ss N
SW, r
esid
ent
in N
ort
h, n
ort
heas
t an
d a
long
w
est-
flow
ing
riv
ers.
Sum
mer
bre
edin
g m
igra
nt t
o s
out
heas
t o
f st
ate.
Inha
bit
s a
vari
ety
of
hab
itat
s in
clud
ing
wo
od
land
s an
d o
pen
fore
sts,
wit
h p
refe
renc
e fo
r ti
mb
ered
wat
erco
urse
s.
Favo
urs
pro
duc
tive
fore
sts
on
the
coas
tal p
lain
, box
-iro
nbar
k-g
um w
oo
dla
nds
on
the
inla
nd s
lop
es, a
nd C
oo
libah
/Riv
er R
ed
Gum
on
the
inla
nd p
lain
s. In
Syd
ney
area
nes
ts in
mat
ure
livin
g
tree
s w
ithi
n 10
0m
of
ephe
mer
al/p
erm
anen
t w
ater
cour
se.
Larg
e ho
me
rang
e >
100
km
2 .
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Stic
tone
tta
naev
osa
Fre
ckle
d
Duc
kV
1 r
eco
rd w
ithi
n 10
km
(O
EH
, 20
14a)
Bre
eds
in la
rge,
ep
hem
eral
sw
amp
s in
the
Mur
ray-
Dar
ling
, p
arti
cula
rly
alo
ng t
he P
aro
o a
nd L
achl
an R
iver
s an
d o
ther
R
iver
ina
rive
rs. I
n d
rier
tim
es m
oves
to
mo
re p
erm
anen
t w
ater
s. D
isp
erse
s d
urin
g e
xten
sive
inla
nd d
roug
hts
and
may
b
e fo
und
in c
oas
tal a
reas
dur
ing
suc
h ti
mes
. Pre
fers
fre
shw
ater
sw
amp
s/cr
eeks
wit
h d
ense
Cum
bun
gi,
Lig
num
or
tea-
tree
. N
ests
in d
ense
veg
etat
ion
at o
r ne
ar w
ater
leve
l.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Bot
auru
s p
oici
lop
tilus
Aus
tral
asia
n B
itte
rnE
1E
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at
likel
y to
occ
ur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Wid
esp
read
but
unc
om
mo
n ov
er m
ost
NSW
exc
ept
the
nort
hwes
t. Fa
vour
s p
erm
anen
t fr
eshw
ater
wet
land
s w
ith
tall
den
se r
eed
bed
s p
arti
cula
rly
Typ
ha s
pp
.and
Ele
ocha
ris s
pp
., w
ith
adja
cent
sha
llow
, op
en w
ater
for
fora
gin
g. R
oo
sts
dur
ing
th
e d
ay a
mo
ngst
den
se r
eed
s o
r ru
shes
and
feed
s m
ainl
y at
ni
ght
on
fro
gs,
fish
, yab
bie
s, s
pid
ers,
inse
cts
and
sna
ils.
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1488
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
re
cord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in
the
sub
ject
sit
eC
allo
cep
halo
n fim
bria
tum
Gan
g-g
ang
C
ock
ato
oV
2
reco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H,
2014
a)
Res
tric
ted
to
the
so
uth-
east
ern
coas
t an
d h
ighl
and
s, f
rom
th
e lo
wer
Hun
ter
and
no
rthe
rn B
lue
Mo
unta
ins
to t
he
So
uthw
este
rn S
lop
es, s
out
h to
and
co
ntig
uous
wit
h th
e V
icto
rian
po
pul
atio
n. In
hab
its
euca
lyp
t o
pen
fore
sts
and
w
oo
dla
nds
wit
h an
aca
cia
und
erst
ore
y. In
sum
mer
it li
ves
in
mo
ist
hig
hlan
d fo
rest
typ
es, a
nd in
win
ter
it m
oves
to
mo
re
op
en t
ypes
at
low
er e
leva
tio
ns. T
he G
ang
-Gan
g C
ock
ato
o
nest
s in
ho
llow
s in
the
tru
nks,
lim
bs
or
dea
d s
po
uts
of
tall
livin
g t
rees
, esp
ecia
lly e
ucal
ypts
, oft
en n
ear
wat
er. T
he G
ang
-g
ang
Co
ckat
oo
feed
s o
n se
eds
ob
tain
ed in
tre
es a
nd s
hrub
s,
mo
stly
fro
m e
ucal
ypts
and
wat
tles
.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Cal
ypto
rhyn
chus
la
tham
iG
loss
y B
lack
-C
ock
ato
o
V
1 rec
ord
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H,
2014
a)
Wid
esp
read
but
unc
om
mo
n fr
om
co
ast
to s
out
hern
tab
lela
nds
and
cen
tral
wes
tern
pla
ins.
Fee
ds
alm
ost
exc
lusi
vely
on
the
seed
s o
f A
lloca
suar
ina
spec
ies.
Pre
fers
wo
od
land
and
op
en
fore
sts,
rar
ely
away
fro
m A
lloca
suar
ina.
Ro
ost
in le
afy
cano
py
tree
s, p
refe
rab
ly e
ucal
ypts
, usu
ally
<1k
m f
rom
feed
ing
site
. N
ests
in la
rge
(ap
pro
x. 2
0cm
) ho
llow
s in
tre
es, s
tum
ps
or
limb
s, u
sual
ly in
Euc
alyp
ts (
Hig
gin
s 19
99
).
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Ep
hip
pio
rhyn
chus
as
iatic
usB
lack
-ne
cked
St
ork
E1
1 r
eco
rd w
ithi
n 10
km
(O
EH
, 20
14a)
In N
SW, b
eco
mes
incr
easi
ngly
unc
om
mo
n so
uth
of
the
No
rthe
rn R
iver
s re
gio
n, a
nd r
arel
y o
ccur
s so
uth
of
Syd
ney.
B
reed
ing
rec
ord
ed a
s fa
r so
uth
as B
ulad
elah
, tho
ugh
mo
st
bre
edin
g in
NSW
occ
urs
in t
he n
ort
h-ea
st. P
rim
arily
inha
bit
s p
erm
anen
t fr
eshw
ater
wet
land
s an
d s
urro
und
ing
veg
etat
ion
incl
udin
g s
wam
ps,
flo
od
pla
ins,
wat
erco
urse
s an
d b
illab
ong
s,
fres
hwat
er m
ead
ows,
wet
hea
thla
nd, f
arm
dam
s an
d
shal
low
flo
od
wat
ers.
Will
als
o fo
rag
e in
inte
r-ti
dal
sho
relin
es,
man
gro
ve m
arg
ins
and
est
uari
es. F
eed
s in
sha
llow
, sti
ll w
ater
. B
reed
s d
urin
g s
umm
er, n
esti
ng in
or
near
a f
resh
wat
er s
wam
p.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1489
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
re
cord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in
the
sub
ject
sit
eD
asyo
rnis
b
rach
ypte
rus
Eas
tern
B
rist
leb
irdE
1E
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at
likel
y to
occ
ur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Occ
urs
in t
hree
dis
junc
t ar
eas
of
sout
h-ea
ster
n A
ustr
alia
: so
uthe
rn Q
ueen
slan
d/n
ort
hern
NSW
, the
Illa
war
ra R
egio
n an
d in
the
vic
init
y o
f th
e N
SW/V
icto
rian
bo
rder
. Illa
war
ra
po
pul
atio
n co
mp
rise
s an
est
imat
ed 16
00
bird
s, m
ainl
y fr
om
B
arre
n G
roun
ds
Nat
ure
Res
erve
, Bud
der
oo
Nat
iona
l Par
k an
d t
he J
ervi
s B
ay a
rea.
Hab
itat
cha
ract
eris
ed b
y d
ense
, low
ve
get
atio
n in
clud
ing
hea
th a
nd o
pen
wo
od
land
wit
h a
heat
hy
und
erst
ore
y. T
he fi
re h
isto
ry o
f ha
bit
at is
imp
ort
ant,
and
the
Ill
awar
ra a
nd s
out
hern
po
pul
atio
ns r
each
max
imum
den
siti
es
in h
abit
at t
hat
have
no
t b
een
bur
nt fo
r ov
er 15
yea
rs.
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
Ant
hoch
aera
p
hryg
iaR
egen
t H
one
yeat
erE
4A
E1 r
eco
rd f
rom
19
84 w
ithi
n 10
km
(O
EH
, 20
14a)
; Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at k
now
n to
occ
ur w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E,
2014
)
In N
SW c
onfi
ned
to
tw
o k
now
n b
reed
ing
are
as: t
he C
aper
tee
Val
ley
and
Bun
dar
ra-B
arra
ba
reg
ion.
No
n-b
reed
ing
flo
cks
occ
asio
nally
see
n in
co
asta
l are
as fo
rag
ing
in fl
ower
ing
S
po
tted
Gum
and
Sw
amp
Mah
og
any
fore
sts,
pre
sum
ably
in
resp
ons
e to
dro
ught
. Inh
abit
s d
ry o
pen
fore
st a
nd w
oo
dla
nds,
p
arti
cula
rly
Box
-Iro
nbar
k w
oo
dla
nd a
nd r
ipar
ian
fore
sts
of
Riv
er S
heo
ak, w
ith
an a
bun
dan
ce o
f m
atur
e tr
ees,
hig
h ca
nop
y co
ver
and
ab
und
ance
of
mis
tlet
oes
.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Ep
thia
nura
al
bifr
ons
Whi
te-
fro
nted
Cha
tV,
E2
1 r
eco
rd w
ithi
n 10
km
(O
EH
, 20
14a)
This
sp
ecie
s o
ccur
s fr
om
so
uthe
rn Q
ueen
slan
d t
o W
este
rn
Aus
tral
ia a
nd d
own
to T
asm
ania
, mo
stly
in t
emp
erat
e to
ar
id c
limat
es a
nd v
ery
rare
ly in
sub
-tro
pic
al a
reas
. It
is fo
und
in
dam
p o
pen
hab
itat
s, p
arti
cula
rly
wet
land
s co
ntai
ning
sa
ltm
arsh
are
as t
hat
are
bo
rder
ed b
y o
pen
gra
ssla
nds.
Alo
ng
the
coas
t th
ey a
re fo
und
in e
stua
rine
and
mar
shy
hab
itat
s w
ith
veg
etat
ion
<1m
tal
l, an
d in
op
en g
rass
land
s an
d a
reas
b
ord
erin
g w
etla
nds.
Inla
nd, t
hey
are
oft
en o
bse
rved
in g
rass
y p
lain
s, s
altl
akes
and
sal
tpan
s al
ong
wat
erw
ay m
arg
ins.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1490
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
re
cord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in
the
sub
ject
sit
eM
elith
rep
tus
gul
aris
g
ular
isB
lack
-ch
inne
d
Ho
neye
ater
(e
aste
rn
sub
spec
ies)
V
3 re
cord
s w
ithi
n 10
km
(O
EH
, 20
14a)
Wid
esp
read
in N
SW, b
ut r
arel
y re
cord
ed e
ast
of
Gre
at
Div
idin
g R
ang
e ex
cep
t in
Ric
hmo
nd a
nd C
lare
nce
Riv
er
area
s an
d s
catt
ered
site
s in
the
Hun
ter,
Cen
tral
Co
ast
and
Ill
awar
ra r
egio
ns. M
ost
ly in
up
per
leve
ls o
f d
rier
op
en fo
rest
s /
wo
od
land
s d
om
inat
ed b
y b
ox a
nd ir
onb
ark
euca
lyp
ts, o
r le
ss
com
mo
nly
smo
oth
-bar
ked
gum
s, s
trin
gyb
arks
and
tea
-tre
as.
Fo
rag
e ov
er h
om
e ra
nge
of
>5 h
a. T
end
to
occ
ur w
ithi
n la
rges
t w
oo
dla
nd p
atch
es in
the
land
scap
e. T
hey
fora
ge
for
inse
cts,
ne
ctar
and
ho
neyd
ew. T
he n
est
is h
idd
en b
y fo
liag
e hi
gh
in t
he
crow
n o
f a
tree
.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Dap
hoen
ositt
a ch
ryso
pte
raV
arie
d
Sit
tella
V
33 r
eco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m
(OE
H, 2
014
a)
Sed
enta
ry, o
ccur
s ac
ross
NSW
fro
m t
he c
oas
t to
the
far
wes
t.
Inha
bit
s eu
caly
pt
fore
sts
and
wo
od
land
s, e
spec
ially
ro
ugh-
bar
ked
sp
ecie
s an
d m
atur
e sm
oo
th-b
arke
d g
ums
wit
h d
ead
b
ranc
hes,
mal
lee
and
Aca
cia
wo
od
land
. Sen
siti
ve t
o h
abit
at
iso
lati
on
and
loss
of
stru
ctur
al c
om
ple
xity
, and
ad
vers
ely
affec
ted
by
do
min
ance
of
No
isy
Min
ers.
Cle
ared
ag
ricu
ltur
al
land
is p
ote
ntia
lly a
bar
rier
to
mov
emen
t. B
uild
s a
cup
-sha
ped
ne
st o
f p
lant
fib
res
and
co
bw
ebs
in a
n up
rig
ht t
ree
fork
hig
h in
th
e liv
ing
tre
e ca
nopy
, and
oft
en r
e-us
es t
he s
ame
fork
or
tree
in
suc
cess
ive
year
s.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Pet
roic
a b
ood
ang
Sca
rlet
R
ob
inV
10
rec
ord
s w
ithi
n 10
km
(O
EH
, 20
14a)
In N
SW o
ccur
s fr
om
co
ast
to in
land
slo
pes
. Bre
eds
in
dri
er e
ucal
ypt
fore
sts
and
tem
per
ate
wo
od
land
s, o
ften
on
rid
ges
and
slo
pes
, wit
hin
op
en u
nder
sto
rey
of
shru
bs
and
g
rass
es a
nd s
om
etim
es in
op
en a
reas
. In
autu
mn
and
win
ter
it m
igra
tes
to m
ore
op
en h
abit
ats
such
as
gra
ssy
op
en
wo
od
land
or
pad
do
cks
wit
h sc
atte
red
tre
es. A
bun
dan
t lo
gs
and
co
arse
wo
od
y d
ebri
s ar
e im
po
rtan
t ha
bit
at c
om
po
nent
s.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1491
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
re
cord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in
the
sub
ject
sit
eG
loss
opsi
tta
pus
illa
Litt
le
Lori
keet
V
10 r
eco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m
(OE
H, 2
014
a)
Occ
urs
fro
m c
oas
t to
wes
tern
slo
pes
of
the
Gre
at D
ivid
ing
R
ang
e. In
hab
its
dry
, op
en e
ucal
ypt
fore
sts
and
wo
od
land
s.
Occ
urre
nce
is p
osi
tive
ly a
sso
ciat
ed w
ith
pat
ch s
ize,
and
wit
h co
mp
one
nts
of
hab
itat
co
mp
lexi
ty in
clud
ing
can
op
y co
ver,
shru
b c
over
, gro
und
cov
er, l
og
s, fa
llen
bra
nche
s an
d li
tter
. F
eed
pri
mar
ily o
n p
rofu
sely
-flow
erin
g e
ucal
ypts
and
a v
arie
ty
of
oth
er s
pec
ies
incl
udin
g m
elal
euca
s an
d m
istl
eto
es. O
n th
e w
este
rn s
lop
es a
nd t
able
land
s E
ucal
yptu
s al
ben
s an
d E
. m
ellio
dor
a ar
e p
arti
cula
rly
imp
ort
ant
foo
d s
our
ces
for
po
llen
and
nec
tar
resp
ecti
vely
. Mo
stly
nes
ts in
sm
all (
op
enin
g a
pp
rox.
3c
m)
hollo
ws
in li
ving
, sm
oo
th-b
arke
d e
ucal
ypts
, esp
ecia
lly
Euc
alyp
tus
vim
inal
is, E
. bla
kely
i and
E. d
ealb
ata.
Mo
st
bre
edin
g r
eco
rds
are
fro
m t
he w
este
rn s
lop
es.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Lath
amus
dis
colo
rSw
ift P
arro
tE
1E
4 r
eco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H,
2014
a); S
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
like
ly
to o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m (
Do
TE
, 20
14)
Mig
rato
ry, t
rave
lling
to
the
mai
nlan
d f
rom
Mar
ch t
o O
cto
ber
. B
reed
s in
Tas
man
ia f
rom
Sep
tem
ber
to
Jan
uary
. On
the
mai
nlan
d, i
t m
ost
ly o
ccur
s in
the
so
uthe
ast
fora
gin
g o
n w
inte
r flo
wer
ing
euc
alyp
ts a
nd le
rps,
wit
h re
cord
s o
f th
e sp
ecie
s b
etw
een
Ad
elai
de
and
Bri
sban
e. P
rinc
ipal
ove
r-w
inte
r ha
bit
at
is b
ox-i
ronb
ark
com
mun
itie
s o
n th
e in
land
slo
pes
and
pla
ins.
E
ucal
yptu
s ro
bus
ta, C
orym
bia
mac
ulat
a an
d C
. gum
mife
ra
do
min
ated
co
asta
l fo
rest
s ar
e al
so im
po
rtan
t ha
bit
at.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Ros
trat
ula
aust
ralis
Aus
tral
ian
Pai
nted
S
nip
e
E1
ES
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
lik
ely
to o
ccur
w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
No
rmal
ly fo
und
in p
erm
anen
t o
r ep
hem
eral
sha
llow
inla
nd
wet
land
s, e
ithe
r fr
eshw
ater
or
bra
ckis
h. N
ests
on
the
gro
und
am
ong
st t
all r
eed
-lik
e ve
get
atio
n ne
ar w
ater
. Fee
ds
on
mud
flats
and
the
wat
er’s
ed
ge
taki
ng in
sect
s, w
orm
and
se
eds.
Pre
fers
fri
nges
of
swam
ps,
dam
s an
d n
earb
y m
arsh
y ar
eas
wit
h co
ver
of
gra
sses
, lig
num
, low
scr
ub o
r o
pen
tim
ber
.
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1492
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
re
cord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in
the
sub
ject
sit
eN
inox
str
enua
Pow
erfu
l O
wl
V
4 r
eco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H,
2014
a)
Occ
urs
fro
m t
he c
oas
t to
the
wes
tern
slo
pes
. So
litar
y an
d
sed
enta
ry s
pec
ies.
Inha
bit
s a
rang
e o
f ha
bit
ats
fro
m w
oo
dla
nd
and
op
en s
cler
op
hyll
fore
st t
o t
all o
pen
wet
fore
st a
nd
rain
fore
st. P
refe
rs la
rge
trac
ts o
f ve
get
atio
n. N
ests
in la
rge
tree
ho
llow
s (>
0.5
m d
eep)
, in
larg
e eu
caly
pts
(d
bh
80-2
40
cm
) th
at a
re a
t le
ast
150
yea
rs o
ld. P
airs
hav
e hi
gh
fidel
ity
to
a sm
all n
umb
er o
f ho
llow
-bea
ring
nes
t tr
ees
and
def
end
a
larg
e ho
me
rang
e o
f 4
00
- 1,
450
ha.
Fo
rag
es w
ithi
n o
pen
and
cl
ose
d w
oo
dla
nds
as w
ell a
s o
pen
are
as.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Mam
mal
s
Das
yuru
s m
acul
atus
Sp
ott
ed-
taile
d Q
uoll
VE
1 rec
ord
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H,
2014
a); S
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
kno
wn
to o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m (
Do
TE
, 20
14)
Inha
bit
s a
rang
e o
f en
viro
nmen
ts in
clud
ing
rai
nfo
rest
, op
en
fore
st, w
oo
dla
nd, c
oas
tal h
eath
and
inla
nd r
ipar
ian
fore
st, f
rom
th
e su
b-a
lpin
e zo
ne t
o t
he c
oas
tlin
e. D
en s
ites
are
in h
ollo
w-
bea
ring
tre
es, f
alle
n lo
gs,
sm
all c
aves
, ro
ck c
revi
ces,
bo
uld
er
field
s an
d r
ock
y-cl
iff fa
ces.
Fem
ales
occ
upy
hom
e ra
nges
o
f up
to
750
ha
and
mal
es u
p t
o 3
,50
0 h
a, u
sual
ly t
rave
rsed
al
ong
den
sely
veg
etat
ed c
reek
line
s.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Sacc
olai
mus
fla
vive
ntris
Yello
w-
bel
lied
S
heat
htai
l-b
at
V
2 re
cord
s w
ithi
n 10
km
(O
EH
, 20
14a)
Mig
rate
s fr
om
tro
pic
s to
SE
Aus
in s
umm
er. F
ora
ges
acr
oss
a
rang
e o
f ha
bit
ats
incl
udin
g t
hose
wit
h an
d w
itho
ut t
rees
, fr
om
wet
and
dry
scl
ero
phy
ll fo
rest
, op
en w
oo
dla
nd, A
caci
a sh
rub
land
, mal
lee,
gra
ssla
nds
and
des
ert.
Ro
ost
s co
mm
unal
ly
in la
rge
tree
ho
llow
s an
d b
uild
ing
s (C
hurc
hill
200
8).
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1493
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
re
cord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in
the
sub
ject
sit
eP
etro
gal
e p
enic
illat
aB
rush
-tai
led
R
ock
-w
alla
by
E1
VS
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
lik
ely
to o
ccur
w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
Occ
urs
fro
m t
he S
hoal
have
n no
rth
to t
he Q
ueen
slan
d b
ord
er.
Now
mo
stly
ext
inct
wes
t o
f th
e G
reat
Div
idin
g R
ang
e,
exce
pt
in t
he W
arru
mb
ung
les
and
Mt
Kap
utar
. Occ
urs
on
rock
y es
carp
men
ts, o
utcr
op
s an
d c
liffs
wit
h a
pre
fere
nce
for
com
ple
x st
ruct
ures
wit
h fis
sure
s, c
aves
and
led
ges
faci
ng
nort
h. D
iet
cons
ists
of
veg
etat
ion
in a
dja
cent
to
ro
cky
area
s ea
ting
gra
sses
and
forb
s as
wel
l as
the
folia
ge
and
fru
its
of
shru
bs
and
tre
es.
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
Mor
mop
teru
s no
rfol
kens
isE
aste
rn
Fre
etai
l-b
atV
12
rec
ord
s w
ithi
n 10
km
(O
EH
, 20
14a)
Occ
urs
in d
ry s
cler
op
hyll
fore
st a
nd w
oo
dla
nd e
ast
of
the
Gre
at D
ivid
ing
Ran
ge.
Fo
rag
es in
nat
ural
and
art
ifici
al
op
enin
gs
in v
eget
atio
n, t
ypic
ally
wit
hin
a fe
w k
ilom
etre
s o
f it
s ro
ost
. Ro
ost
s p
rim
arily
in t
ree
hollo
ws
but
als
o r
eco
rded
fro
m
man
-mad
e st
ruct
ures
or
und
er b
ark
(Chu
rchi
ll 20
08)
.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Pse
udom
ys
nova
ehol
land
iae
New
H
olla
nd
Mo
use
PV
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at
likel
y to
occ
ur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Occ
urs
in d
isju
nct,
coas
tal p
op
ulat
ions
fro
m T
asm
ania
to
Q
ueen
slan
d. I
n N
SW in
hab
its
a va
riet
y o
f co
asta
l hab
itat
s in
clud
ing
hea
thla
nd, w
oo
dla
nd, d
ry s
cler
op
hyll
fore
st w
ith
a d
ense
shr
ub la
yer
and
veg
etat
ed s
and
dun
es (
Wils
on
and
B
rad
tke
199
9).
Po
pul
atio
ns m
ay r
eco
loni
se/
incr
ease
in s
ize
in r
egen
erat
ing
nat
ive
veg
etat
ion
afte
r w
ildfir
e, c
lear
ing
and
sa
ndm
inin
g. P
rese
nce
stro
ngly
co
rrel
ated
wit
h un
der
sto
rey
veg
etat
ion
den
sity
, and
hig
h flo
rist
ic d
iver
sity
in r
egen
erat
ing
he
ath
(Lo
ck a
nd W
ilso
n 19
99
).
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
Isoo
don
ob
esul
us
obes
ulus
So
uthe
rn
Bro
wn
Ban
dic
oo
t (e
aste
rn)
E1
ES
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
m
ay o
ccur
w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
Occ
urs
mai
nly
in 2
are
as: K
u-ri
ng-g
ai C
hase
and
Gar
igal
N
atio
nal P
arks
N o
f Sy
dne
y, a
nd fa
r S
E N
SW in
clud
ing
B
en B
oyd
Nat
iona
l Par
k, E
ast
Boy
d S
tate
Fo
rest
, Nad
gee
N
atur
e R
eser
ve, N
adg
ee S
tate
Fo
rest
, So
uth
Eas
t F
ore
st a
nd
Yam
bul
la S
tate
Fo
rest
but
als
o o
ccur
s b
etw
een
thes
e ar
eas.
In
hab
its
scru
bby
veg
etat
ion,
incl
udin
g h
eath
, shr
ubla
nd, a
nd
heat
hy fo
rest
and
wo
od
land
. Oft
en a
sso
ciat
ed w
ith
wel
l-d
rain
ed s
oils
and
dry
hea
thla
nd c
om
mun
itie
s, a
nd p
refe
rs
per
iod
ical
ly b
urnt
are
as a
s th
is in
crea
ses
inse
ct a
bun
dan
ce.
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1494
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
re
cord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in
the
sub
ject
sit
eP
etau
rus
norf
olce
nsis
Sq
uirr
el
Glid
erV
1 r
eco
rd w
ithi
n 10
km
(O
EH
, 20
14a)
Occ
urs
alo
ng t
he d
rier
inla
nd s
lop
es a
s w
ell a
s co
asta
l ha
bit
ats.
Inha
bit
s w
oo
dla
nd a
nd o
pen
fore
st w
ith
a E
ucal
yptu
s, C
orym
bia
or
Ang
opho
ra o
vers
tore
y an
d a
shr
ubby
un
der
sto
rey
of
Aca
cia
or
Ban
ksia
. Key
hab
itat
co
mp
one
nts
incl
ude
relia
ble
win
ter
and
ear
ly-s
pri
ng fl
ower
ing
Euc
alyp
ts,
Ban
ksia
or
oth
er n
ecta
r so
urce
s, a
nd h
ollo
w-b
eari
ng t
rees
for
roo
st a
nd n
est
site
s (v
an d
er R
ee a
nd S
uckl
ing
20
08,
Qui
n et
al 2
00
4),
wit
h so
cial
gro
ups
mov
ing
bet
wee
n m
ulti
ple
ho
llow
s. S
oci
al g
roup
s in
clud
e o
ne o
r tw
o a
dul
t m
ales
and
fe
mal
es w
ith
off
spri
ng, a
nd h
ave
hom
e ra
nges
of
5-10
ha w
ithi
n N
SW (
van
der
Ree
and
Suc
klin
g 2
00
8, K
avan
agh
200
4).
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Pha
scol
arct
os
cine
reus
Ko
ala
VV
758
reco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m
(OE
H, 2
014
a);
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at
know
n to
occ
ur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Occ
urs
fro
m c
oas
t to
inla
nd s
lop
es a
nd p
lain
s. R
estr
icte
d
to a
reas
of
pre
ferr
ed fe
ed t
rees
in e
ucal
ypt
wo
od
land
s an
d
fore
sts.
Ho
me
rang
e va
ries
dep
end
ing
on
hab
itat
qua
lity,
fro
m
< 2
to s
ever
al h
und
red
hec
tare
s.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Pot
orou
s tr
idac
tylu
sLo
ng-n
ose
d
Po
toro
o,
Co
bak
i La
kes
and
Tw
eed
H
ead
s W
est
po
pul
atio
n
E2,
VV
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at
may
occ
ur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Res
tric
ted
to
eas
t o
f th
e G
reat
Div
idin
g R
ang
e, w
ith
annu
al
rain
fall
>76
0 m
m. I
nhab
its
coas
tal h
eath
and
dry
and
wet
sc
lero
phy
ll fo
rest
s. R
equi
res
rela
tive
ly t
hick
gro
und
cov
er a
nd
app
ears
res
tric
ted
to
are
as o
f lig
ht a
nd s
and
y so
il (J
ohn
sto
n 20
08)
. Fee
ds
on
fung
i, ro
ots
, tub
ers,
inse
cts
and
the
ir la
rvae
, an
d o
ther
so
ft-b
od
ied
ani
mal
s in
the
so
il.
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
GH
D |
Tran
spor
t fo
r N
SW –
Pow
er S
upp
ly U
pg
rad
e P
rog
ram
– M
into
Sub
stat
ion
RE
F |
July
20
1495
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
re
cord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in
the
sub
ject
sit
eP
tero
pus
p
olio
cep
halu
sG
rey-
head
ed
Fly
ing
-fox
VV
22 r
eco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m
(OE
H, 2
014
a);
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at
know
n to
occ
ur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Ro
ost
s in
cam
ps
wit
hin
20 k
m o
f a
reg
ular
foo
d s
our
ce,
typ
ical
ly in
gul
lies,
clo
se t
o w
ater
and
in v
eget
atio
n w
ith
a d
ense
can
opy
. Fo
rag
es in
sub
tro
pic
al a
nd t
emp
erat
e ra
info
rest
s, t
all s
cler
op
hyll
fore
sts
and
wo
od
land
s, h
eath
s,
swam
ps
and
str
eet
tree
s, p
arti
cula
rly
in e
ucal
ypts
, mel
aleu
cas
and
ban
ksia
s. H
ighl
y m
ob
ile w
ith
mov
emen
ts la
rgel
y d
eter
min
ed b
y fo
od
ava
ilab
ility
(E
by a
nd L
aw 2
00
8). W
ill a
lso
fo
rag
e in
urb
an g
ard
ens
and
cul
tiva
ted
fru
it c
rop
s.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Cha
linol
obus
d
wye
riLa
rge-
eare
d
Pie
d B
atV
V2
reco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H,
2014
a); S
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
may
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m (
Do
TE
, 20
14)
Occ
urs
fro
m t
he c
oas
t to
the
wes
tern
slo
pes
of
the
div
ide.
La
rges
t nu
mb
ers
of
reco
rds
fro
m s
and
sto
ne e
scar
pm
ent
coun
try
in t
he S
ydne
y B
asin
and
Hun
ter
Val
ley
(Hoy
e an
d
Sch
ulz
200
8). R
oo
sts
in c
aves
and
min
es a
nd m
ost
co
mm
onl
y re
cord
ed f
rom
dry
scl
ero
phy
ll fo
rest
s an
d w
oo
dla
nds.
An
inse
ctiv
oro
us s
pec
ies
that
flie
s ov
er t
he c
ano
py
or
alo
ng
cree
k b
eds
(Chu
rchi
ll 20
08)
. In
sout
hern
Syd
ney
app
ears
to
be
larg
ely
rest
rict
ed t
o t
he in
terf
ace
bet
wee
n sa
ndst
one
es
carp
men
ts a
nd fe
rtile
val
leys
.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Fals
istr
ellu
s ta
sman
iens
isE
aste
rn
Fals
e P
ipis
trel
le
V
9 r
eco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H,
2014
a)
Occ
urs
on
sout
heas
t co
ast
and
ran
ges
. Pre
fers
tal
l (>2
0m
) an
d w
et fo
rest
wit
h d
ense
und
erst
ore
y. A
bse
nt f
rom
sm
all
rem
nant
s, p
refe
rrin
g c
ont
inuo
us fo
rest
but
can
mov
e th
roug
h cl
eare
d la
ndsc
apes
and
may
fora
ge
in o
pen
are
as. R
oo
sts
in
hollo
w t
runk
s o
f E
ucal
ypts
, und
erne
ath
bar
k o
r in
bui
ldin
gs.
F
ora
ges
in g
aps
and
sp
aces
wit
hin
fore
st, w
ith
larg
e fo
rag
ing
ra
nge
(12k
m fo
rag
ing
mov
emen
ts r
eco
rded
) (C
hurc
hill
200
8,
Law
et
al 2
00
8).
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 96
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
re
cord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in
the
sub
ject
sit
eM
inio
pte
rus
schr
eib
ersi
i oc
eane
nsis
Eas
tern
B
entw
ing
-b
at
V
9 r
eco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H,
2014
a)
Gen
eral
ly o
ccur
s ea
st o
f th
e G
reat
Div
idin
g R
ang
e al
ong
NSW
co
ast
(Chu
rchi
ll 20
08)
. Inh
abit
s va
rio
us h
abit
ats
fro
m o
pen
g
rass
land
s to
wo
od
land
s, w
et a
nd d
ry s
cler
op
hyll
fore
sts
and
ra
info
rest
. Ess
enti
ally
a c
ave
bat
but
may
als
o r
oo
st in
ro
ad
culv
erts
, sto
rmw
ater
tun
nels
and
oth
er m
an-m
ade
stru
ctur
es.
Onl
y 4
kno
wn
mat
erni
ty c
aves
in N
SW, n
ear
Wee
Jas
per
, B
ung
oni
a, K
emp
sey
and
Tex
as. F
emal
es m
ay t
rave
l hun
dre
ds
of
kilo
met
res
to t
he n
eare
st m
ater
nal c
olo
ny (
Chu
rchi
ll 20
08)
.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Myo
tis m
acro
pus
So
uthe
rn
Myo
tis
V
12 r
eco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m
(OE
H, 2
014
a)
Mai
nly
coas
tal b
ut m
ay o
ccur
inla
nd a
long
larg
e ri
ver
syst
ems.
Usu
ally
ass
oci
ated
wit
h p
erm
anen
t w
ater
way
s at
lo
w e
leva
tio
ns in
flat
/und
ulat
ing
co
untr
y, u
sual
ly in
veg
etat
ed
area
s. F
ora
ges
ove
r st
ream
s an
d w
ater
cour
ses
feed
ing
on
fish
and
inse
cts
fro
m t
he w
ater
sur
face
. Ro
ost
s in
a v
arie
ty o
f ha
bit
ats
incl
udin
g c
aves
, min
e sh
afts
, ho
llow
-bea
ring
tre
es,
sto
rmw
ater
cha
nnel
s, b
uild
ing
s, u
nder
bri
dg
es a
nd in
den
se
folia
ge,
typ
ical
ly in
clo
se p
roxi
mit
y to
wat
er (
Cam
pb
ell 2
011
).
Bre
eds
Nov
emb
er o
r D
ecem
ber
(C
hurc
hill
200
8)
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Scot
eana
x ru
epp
ellii
Gre
ater
B
road
-no
sed
Bat
V
14 r
eco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m
(OE
H, 2
014
a)
Occ
urs
on
the
east
co
ast
and
Gre
at D
ivid
ing
Ran
ge.
Inha
bit
s a
vari
ety
of
hab
itat
s fr
om
wo
od
land
to
wet
and
dry
scl
ero
phy
ll fo
rest
s an
d r
ainf
ore
st, a
lso
rem
nant
pad
do
ck t
rees
and
tim
ber
-lin
ed c
reek
s, t
ypic
ally
bel
ow 5
00
m a
sl. F
ora
ges
in r
elat
ivel
y un
clut
tere
d a
reas
, usi
ng n
atur
al o
r m
an-m
ade
op
enin
gs
in
den
ser
hab
itat
s. U
sual
ly r
oo
sts
in t
ree
hollo
ws
or
fissu
res
but
al
so u
nder
exf
olia
ting
bar
k o
r in
the
ro
ofs
of
old
bui
ldin
gs.
F
emal
es c
ong
reg
ate
in m
ater
nal r
oo
sts
in s
uita
ble
ho
llow
tre
es
(Hoy
e an
d R
icha
rds
200
8, C
hurc
hill
200
8).
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 97
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
re
cord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in
the
sub
ject
sit
eR
epti
les
Hop
loce
pha
lus
bun
gar
oid
esB
road
-he
aded
S
nake
E1
V2
reco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H,
2014
a); S
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
like
ly
to o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m (
Do
TE
, 20
14)
No
ctur
nal,
shel
teri
ng in
ro
ck c
revi
ces
and
und
er fl
at s
and
sto
ne
rock
s o
n ex
po
sed
cliff
ed
ges
dur
ing
aut
umn,
win
ter,
and
sp
ring
, mov
ing
to
she
lters
in h
ollo
ws
of
larg
e tr
ees
wit
hin
200
m o
f es
carp
men
ts in
sum
mer
. Fee
ds
mo
stly
on
gec
kos
and
sm
all s
kink
s, a
nd o
ccas
iona
lly o
n fr
og
s an
d s
mal
l m
amm
als.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Frog
s
Lito
ria a
urea
Gre
en a
nd
Go
lden
Bel
l F
rog
E1
VS
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
m
ay o
ccur
w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
Fo
rmer
ly o
ccur
red
fro
m B
runs
wic
k H
ead
s to
Vic
tori
a, b
ut
>80
% p
op
ulat
ions
now
ext
inct
. Inh
abit
s m
arsh
es, n
atur
al a
nd
arti
ficia
l fre
shw
ater
to
bra
ckis
h w
etla
nds,
dam
s an
d in
str
eam
w
etla
nds.
Pre
fers
site
s co
ntai
ning
cum
bun
gi (
Typ
ha s
pp
.) o
r sp
ike
rush
es (
Ele
ocha
ris s
pp
.), w
hich
are
uns
had
ed a
nd h
ave
a g
rass
y ar
ea a
nd/o
r ru
bb
le a
s sh
elte
r/re
fug
e ha
bit
at n
earb
y.
Gam
bus
ia h
olb
rook
i is
a ke
y th
reat
as
they
feed
on
gre
en a
nd
Go
lden
Bel
l Fro
g e
gg
s an
d t
adp
ole
s.
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
Lito
ria li
ttle
john
iLi
ttle
john
’s
Tree
Fro
gV
VS
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
m
ay o
ccur
w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
Occ
urs
on
pla
teau
s an
d e
aste
rn s
lop
es o
f th
e G
reat
Div
idin
g
Ran
ge
sout
h fr
om
Wat
agan
Sta
te F
ore
st. O
ccur
s al
ong
p
erm
anen
t ro
cky
stre
ams
wit
h th
ick
frin
gin
g v
eget
atio
n as
soci
ated
wit
h eu
caly
pt
wo
od
land
s an
d h
eath
s am
ong
sa
ndst
one
out
cro
ps,
hun
ting
eit
her
in s
hrub
s o
r o
n th
e g
roun
d.
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
Lito
ria r
anifo
rmis
So
uthe
rn
Bel
l Fro
gE
1V
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at
may
occ
ur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Cur
rent
ly, t
he s
pec
ies
is k
now
n to
exi
st o
nly
in is
ola
ted
p
op
ulat
ions
in t
he C
ole
amb
ally
Irri
gat
ion
Are
a, t
he L
owb
idg
ee
floo
dp
lain
and
aro
und
Lak
e V
icto
ria.
Usu
ally
foun
d in
or
aro
und
per
man
ent
or
ephe
mer
al B
lack
Box
/Lig
num
/Nit
re
Go
ose
foo
t sw
amp
s, L
ignu
m/T
ypha
sw
amp
s an
d R
iver
Red
G
um s
wam
ps
or
bill
abo
ngs
alo
ng fl
oo
dp
lain
s an
d r
iver
val
leys
. Th
ey a
re a
lso
foun
d in
irri
gat
ed r
ice
cro
ps,
par
ticu
larl
y w
here
th
ere
is n
o a
vaila
ble
nat
ural
hab
itat
(O
EH
20
13).
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 98
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
re
cord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in
the
sub
ject
sit
eH
elei
opor
us
aust
ralia
cus
Gia
nt
Bur
row
ing
F
rog
VV
14 r
eco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m
(OE
H, 2
014
a);
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at
likel
y to
occ
ur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Occ
urs
alon
g t
he c
oast
and
eas
tern
slo
pes
of t
he G
reat
D
ivid
ing
Ran
ge
sout
h fr
om W
olle
mi N
atio
nal P
ark.
Ap
pea
rs t
o
exis
t as
2 p
opul
atio
ns w
ith a
100
km g
ap in
rec
ord
s b
etw
een
Jerv
is B
ay a
nd E
den
. Nor
ther
n p
opul
atio
n oc
curs
on
sand
y so
ils s
upp
ortin
g h
eath
, woo
dla
nd o
r op
en fo
rest
. Bre
eds
in
ephe
mer
al t
o in
term
itten
t st
ream
s w
ith p
ersi
sten
t p
ools
. Onl
y in
freq
uent
ly m
oves
to
bre
edin
g s
ites,
mos
t co
mm
only
foun
d o
n rid
ges
aw
ay fr
om c
reek
s, s
ever
al h
und
red
met
res
from
wat
er.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Mix
ophy
es b
alb
usSt
utte
ring
F
rog
E1
VS
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
lik
ely
to o
ccur
w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
Occ
urs
alon
g t
he e
ast
coas
t of
Aus
tral
ia. H
as u
nder
gon
e a
mas
sive
ran
ge
red
uctio
n p
artic
ular
ly in
the
sou
th o
f its
ra
nge:
with
in t
he S
ydne
y B
asin
, Whi
te (
200
8a)
loca
ted
onl
y 3
pop
ulat
ions
sou
th o
f Syd
ney
(Mac
qua
rie P
ass
and
Mt
Wer
ong
) an
d D
aly
et a
l. (2
00
2, in
Whi
te 2
00
8a)
foun
d o
nly
2 ex
tant
p
opul
atio
ns b
etw
een
Mac
qua
rie P
ass
and
Vic
toria
. Inh
abits
ra
info
rest
and
wet
, tal
l, op
en fo
rest
. She
lter
in d
eep
leaf
litt
er
and
thi
ck u
nder
stor
ey v
eget
atio
n on
the
fore
st fl
oor.
Feed
s on
in
sect
s an
d s
mal
ler
frog
s, b
reed
ing
in s
trea
ms
dur
ing
sum
mer
af
ter
heav
y ra
in. T
he s
pec
ies
doe
s no
t oc
cur
in a
reas
whe
re t
he
ripar
ian
veg
etat
ion
has
bee
n d
istu
rbed
or
whe
re t
here
hav
e b
een
sig
nific
ant
upst
ream
hum
an im
pac
ts (
Mah
ony
et a
l 199
7).
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
Pse
udop
hryn
e au
stra
lisR
ed-
crow
ned
To
adle
t
V
16 r
eco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m
(OE
H 2
014
)
Res
tric
ted
to
Syd
ney
Bas
in, f
rom
Now
ra t
o P
oko
lbin
and
w
est
to M
t V
icto
ria.
Inha
bit
s he
athl
and
and
op
en w
oo
dla
nd
on
Haw
kesb
ury
and
Nar
rab
een
San
dst
one
s, w
ithi
n 10
0m
of
rid
gel
ines
. Bre
eds
in e
phe
mer
al fe
eder
cre
eks
or
floo
ded
d
epre
ssio
ns, r
equi
ring
unp
ollu
ted
wat
er b
etw
een
5.5
and
6
.5 p
H. S
helte
rs u
nder
ro
cks,
am
ong
st m
asse
s o
f d
ense
ve
get
atio
n o
r le
af li
tter
. Po
pul
atio
ns r
estr
icte
d t
o im
med
iate
vi
cini
ty o
f b
reed
ing
are
as.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 99
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
re
cord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in
the
sub
ject
sit
eFi
sh
Mac
qua
ria
aust
rala
sica
Mac
qua
rie
Per
chE
ES
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
m
ay o
ccur
w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
Occ
urs
in t
he u
pp
er r
each
es o
f th
e La
chla
n, M
urru
mb
idg
ee
and
Mur
ray
Riv
ers,
and
in p
arts
of
the
Haw
kesb
ury
and
S
hoal
have
n ca
tchm
ent
area
s. In
hab
its
rive
r an
d la
ke h
abit
ats,
es
pec
ially
the
up
per
rea
ches
of
rive
rs a
nd t
heir
tri
but
arie
s.
Req
uire
s cl
ear
wat
er w
ith
dee
p, r
ock
y ho
les
and
ab
und
ant
cove
r (i
nclu
din
g a
qua
tic
veg
etat
ion,
wo
od
y d
ebri
s, la
rge
bo
uld
ers
and
ove
rhan
gin
g b
anks
). S
paw
ning
occ
urs
in s
pri
ng
and
sum
mer
in s
hallo
w u
pla
nd s
trea
ms
or
flow
ing
sec
tio
ns o
f ri
ver
syst
ems.
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
Pro
totr
octe
s m
arae
naA
ustr
alia
n G
rayl
ing
VS
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
m
ay o
ccur
w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
Occ
urs
in c
oast
al r
iver
s an
d s
trea
ms
sout
h fr
om t
he S
hoal
have
n R
iver
. Inh
abits
est
uarin
e w
ater
s an
d c
oast
al s
eas
as la
rvae
/ju
veni
les,
and
fres
hwat
er r
iver
s an
d s
trea
ms
as a
dul
ts. M
ost
of
thei
r liv
es a
re s
pen
t in
fres
hwat
er r
iver
s an
d s
trea
ms
in c
ool,
clea
r w
ater
s w
ith a
gra
vel s
ubst
rate
and
alte
rnat
ing
poo
l and
riffl
e zo
nes,
how
ever
can
als
o oc
cur
in t
urb
id w
ater
. The
sp
ecie
s ca
n p
enet
rate
wel
l inl
and
, bei
ng r
ecor
ded
ove
r 10
0 k
m in
land
fr
om t
he s
ea. (
Bac
khou
se e
t al
20
08)
.
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
Bid
yanu
s b
idya
nus
Silv
er P
erch
VC
ES
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
m
ay o
ccur
w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
In N
SW n
ow a
bse
nt f
rom
muc
h o
f th
eir
form
er r
ang
e ac
ross
th
e M
urra
y-D
arlin
g. M
ost
ab
und
ant
rem
aini
ng n
atur
al
po
pul
atio
n o
ccur
s in
the
cen
tral
Mur
ray
Riv
er d
owns
trea
m
of
Yarr
awo
nga
Wei
r as
wel
l as
seve
ral o
f it
s an
abra
nche
s an
d t
rib
utar
ies
incl
udin
g t
he E
dw
ard
Riv
er -
an
anab
ranc
h o
f th
e M
urra
y R
iver
tha
t flo
ws
thro
ugh
Den
iliq
uin,
and
the
M
urru
mb
idg
ee R
iver
. Pre
fer
fast
-flow
ing
, op
en w
ater
s,
esp
ecia
lly w
here
the
re a
re r
apid
s an
d r
aces
, how
ever
the
y w
ill
also
inha
bit
war
m, s
lug
gis
h w
ater
wit
h co
ver
pro
vid
ed b
y la
rge
wo
od
y d
ebri
s an
d r
eed
s. In
form
atio
n o
n ha
bit
at p
refe
renc
es is
sc
arce
for
this
sp
ecie
s (N
SW D
PI 2
00
6a)
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 100
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
re
cord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in
the
sub
ject
sit
eIn
vert
ebra
tes
Mer
idol
um
corn
eovi
rens
Cum
ber
land
P
lain
Lan
d
Sna
il
E1
9
4 r
eco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m
(OE
H, 2
014
a)
Occ
urs
wit
hin
a sm
all a
rea
of
the
Cum
ber
land
Pla
in, f
rom
R
ichm
ond
and
Win
dso
r to
Pic
ton.
Fo
und
pri
mar
ily u
nder
litt
er
of
bar
k, le
aves
and
log
s, o
r in
loo
se s
oil
aro
und
gra
ss c
lum
ps
wit
hin
Cum
ber
land
Pla
in W
oo
dla
nd. H
as a
lso
bee
n fo
und
un
der
rub
bis
h. F
eed
s o
n fu
ngus
. Dur
ing
per
iod
s o
f d
roug
ht
can
bur
row
into
the
so
il to
esc
ape
the
dry
co
ndit
ions
.
Unl
ikel
y. S
ite
sup
po
rts
a ve
ry
den
se u
nder
sto
rey
of
exo
tic
gra
sses
tha
t is
no
t su
itab
le h
abit
at
for
this
sp
ecie
s.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 101
Mig
rato
ry b
ird
s
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
rec
ord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in t
he
sub
ject
sit
eH
alia
eetu
s le
ucog
aste
rW
hite
-bel
lied
S
ea-E
agle
C3
reco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H, 2
014
a);
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at k
now
n to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Pri
mar
ily c
oas
tal b
ut m
ay e
xten
d in
land
ove
r m
ajo
r ri
ver
syst
ems.
Bre
eds
clo
se t
o w
ater
, mai
nly
in t
all o
pen
fore
st/
wo
od
land
but
als
o in
den
se fo
rest
, rai
nfo
rest
, clo
sed
scr
ub
or
rem
nant
tre
es. U
sual
ly fo
rag
es o
ver
larg
e ex
pan
ses
of
op
en w
ater
, but
als
o o
ver
op
en t
erre
stri
al h
abit
ats
(e.g
. g
rass
land
s).
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Ap
us p
acifi
cus
Fo
rk-t
aile
d
Swift
C,J
,KS
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
like
ly t
o
occ
ur w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
Rec
ord
ed in
all
reg
ions
of
NSW
. No
n- b
reed
ing
, and
al
mo
st e
xclu
sive
ly a
eria
l whi
le in
Aus
tral
ia. O
ccur
s ov
er
urb
an a
nd r
ural
are
as a
s w
ell a
s ar
eas
of
nati
ve v
eget
atio
n.
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
Hiru
ndap
us
caud
acut
usW
hite
-thr
oat
ed
Nee
dle
tail
C,J
,K2
reco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H, 2
014
a);
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at k
now
n to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Rec
ord
ed a
long
NSW
co
ast
to t
he w
este
rn s
lop
es a
nd
occ
asio
nally
fro
m t
he in
land
pla
ins.
Bre
eds
in n
ort
hern
he
mis
phe
re. A
lmo
st e
xclu
sive
ly a
eria
l whi
le in
Aus
tral
ia.
Occ
ur a
bov
e m
ost
hab
itat
typ
es, b
ut a
re m
ore
fre
que
ntly
re
cord
ed a
bov
e m
ore
den
sely
veg
etat
ed h
abit
ats
(rai
nfo
rest
, op
en fo
rest
and
hea
thla
nd)
than
ove
r w
oo
dla
nd o
r tr
eele
ss a
reas
.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Ard
ea ib
isC
attl
e E
gre
tC
,J 8
rec
ord
s w
ithi
n 10
km
(O
EH
20
14);
S
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
like
ly t
o
occ
ur w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
Occ
urs
acro
ss N
SW. P
rinc
ipal
bre
edin
g s
ites
are
the
cent
ral e
ast
coas
t fr
om
New
cast
le t
o B
und
aber
g. A
lso
b
reed
s in
maj
or
inla
nd w
etla
nds
in n
ort
h N
SW (
nota
bly
th
e M
acq
uari
e M
arsh
es).
Occ
urs
in t
rop
ical
and
tem
per
ate
gra
ssla
nds,
wo
od
ed la
nds
and
ter
rest
rial
wet
land
s. U
ses
pre
do
min
atel
y sh
allo
w, o
pen
and
fre
sh w
etla
nds
wit
h lo
w e
mer
gen
t ve
get
atio
n an
d a
bun
dan
t aq
uati
c flo
ra.
So
met
imes
ob
serv
ed in
sw
amp
s w
ith
tall
emer
gen
t ve
get
atio
n an
d c
om
mo
nly
use
area
s o
f ta
ll p
astu
re in
m
ois
t, lo
w-l
ying
are
as.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 102
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
rec
ord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in t
he
sub
ject
sit
eA
rdea
m
odes
taE
aste
rn G
reat
E
gre
tM
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at k
now
n to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Occ
urs
acro
ss N
SW. W
ithi
n N
SW t
here
are
bre
edin
g
colo
nies
wit
hin
the
Dar
ling
Riv
erin
e P
lain
s an
d R
iver
ina
reg
ions
and
min
or
colo
nies
acr
oss
its
rang
e in
clud
ing
the
no
rth
and
no
rth-
east
of
the
stat
e. R
epo
rted
fro
m a
wid
e ra
nge
of
wet
land
hab
itat
s (f
or
exam
ple
inla
nd a
nd c
oas
tal,
fres
hwat
er a
nd s
alin
e, p
erm
anen
t an
d e
phe
mer
al, o
pen
an
d v
eget
ated
, lar
ge
and
sm
all,
natu
ral a
nd a
rtifi
cial
).
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
Ant
hoch
aera
p
hryg
iaR
egen
t H
one
yeat
erE
4A
E, M
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at k
now
n to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
In N
SW c
onfi
ned
to
tw
o k
now
n b
reed
ing
are
as: t
he
Cap
erte
e V
alle
y an
d B
und
arra
-Bar
rab
a re
gio
n. N
on-
bre
edin
g fl
ock
s o
ccas
iona
lly s
een
in c
oas
tal a
reas
fo
rag
ing
in fl
ower
ing
Sp
ott
ed G
um a
nd S
wam
p M
aho
gan
y fo
rest
s, p
resu
mab
ly in
res
po
nse
to d
roug
ht. I
nhab
its
dry
o
pen
fore
st a
nd w
oo
dla
nds,
par
ticu
larl
y B
ox-I
ronb
ark
wo
od
land
and
rip
aria
n fo
rest
s o
f R
iver
She
oak
, wit
h an
ab
und
ance
of
mat
ure
tree
s, h
igh
cano
py
cove
r an
d
abun
dan
ce o
f m
istl
eto
es.
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 103
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
rec
ord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in t
he
sub
ject
sit
eM
erop
s or
natu
sR
ainb
ow B
ee-
eate
rJ
1 rec
ord
wit
hin
10 k
m (
OE
H, 2
014
a);
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at m
ay o
ccur
w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E,
2014
)
Dis
trib
uted
acr
oss
muc
h o
f m
ainl
and
Aus
tral
ia, a
nd
seve
ral n
ear-
sho
re is
land
s. O
ccur
s m
ainl
y in
op
en fo
rest
s an
d w
oo
dla
nds,
shr
ubla
nds,
and
in v
ario
us c
lear
ed o
r se
mi-
clea
red
hab
itat
s, in
clud
ing
farm
land
and
are
as o
f hu
man
hab
itat
ion.
It u
sual
ly o
ccur
s in
op
en, c
lear
ed o
r lig
htly
-tim
ber
ed a
reas
tha
t ar
e o
ften
, but
no
t al
way
s,
loca
ted
in c
lose
pro
xim
ity
to p
erm
anen
t w
ater
. It
also
o
ccur
s in
inla
nd a
nd c
oas
tal s
and
dun
e sy
stem
s, a
nd in
m
ang
rove
s in
no
rthe
rn A
ustr
alia
, and
has
bee
n re
cord
ed
in v
ario
us o
ther
hab
itat
typ
es in
clud
ing
hea
thla
nd,
sed
gel
and
, vin
e fo
rest
and
vin
e th
icke
t, an
d o
n b
each
es.
Occ
urs
in o
pen
wo
od
land
s an
d s
hrub
land
s, in
clud
ing
m
alle
e, a
nd in
op
en fo
rest
s th
at a
re u
sual
ly d
om
inat
ed b
y eu
caly
pts
. It
also
occ
urs
in g
rass
land
s an
d, e
spec
ially
in
arid
or
sem
i-ar
id a
reas
, in
rip
aria
n, fl
oo
dp
lain
or
wet
land
ve
get
atio
n as
sem
bla
ges
. Co
mm
on
in c
lear
ed a
nd s
emi-
clea
red
hab
itat
s an
d is
reg
ular
ly r
eco
rded
in o
ther
d
istu
rbed
hab
itat
s in
clud
ing
ro
adsi
de
veg
etat
ion.
It h
as
also
bee
n re
cord
ed in
tow
ns a
nd s
ubur
bs.
Unl
ikel
y. N
o s
uita
ble
ha
bit
at p
rese
nt in
the
su
bje
ct s
ite.
Mon
arch
a m
elan
opsi
sB
lack
-fac
ed
Mo
narc
hM
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at k
now
n to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
Fo
und
alo
ng t
he c
oas
t o
f ea
ster
n A
ustr
alia
, bec
om
ing
le
ss c
om
mo
n fu
rthe
r so
uth.
Fo
und
in r
ainf
ore
sts,
euc
alyp
t w
oo
dla
nds,
co
asta
l scr
ub a
nd d
amp
gul
lies.
It m
ay b
e fo
und
in m
ore
op
en w
oo
dla
nd w
hen
mig
rati
ng. R
esid
ent
in t
he n
ort
h o
f it
s ra
nge,
but
is a
sum
mer
bre
edin
g
mig
rant
to
co
asta
l so
uth-
east
ern
Aus
tral
ia, a
rriv
ing
in
Sep
tem
ber
and
ret
urni
ng n
ort
hwar
ds
in M
arch
. It
may
als
o
mig
rate
to
Pap
ua N
ew G
uine
a in
aut
umn
and
win
ter.
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 104
Scie
ntifi
c na
me
Com
mon
na
me
TSC
A
ct
stat
us
EP
BC
A
ct
stat
us
Typ
e of
rec
ord
Des
crip
tion
Like
lihoo
d o
f oc
curr
ence
in t
he
sub
ject
sit
eM
yiag
ra
cyan
oleu
caS
atin
F
lyca
tche
rM
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at k
now
n to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
In N
SW w
ides
pre
ad o
n an
d e
ast
of t
he G
reat
Div
ide,
sp
arse
ly s
catt
ered
on
the
wes
tern
slo
pes
, ver
y oc
casi
onal
re
cord
s on
the
wes
tern
pla
ins.
Inha
bit
heav
ily v
eget
ated
g
ullie
s in
euc
alyp
t-d
omin
ated
fore
sts
and
tal
ler
woo
dla
nds,
of
ten
near
wet
land
s an
d w
ater
cour
ses.
On
mig
ratio
n,
occu
r in
coa
stal
fore
sts,
woo
dla
nds,
man
gro
ves
and
drie
r w
ood
land
s an
d o
pen
fore
sts.
Gen
eral
ly n
ot in
rai
nfor
ests
.
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
Sym
pos
iach
rus
triv
irgat
usS
pec
tacl
ed
Mo
narc
hM
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at k
now
n to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
The
Sp
ecta
cled
Mo
narc
h is
foun
d in
co
asta
l no
rth-
east
ern
and
eas
tern
Aus
tral
ia, i
nclu
din
g c
oas
tal i
slan
ds,
fro
m C
ape
York
, Que
ensl
and
to
Po
rt S
tep
hens
, New
So
uth
Wal
es. I
t is
m
uch
less
co
mm
on
in t
he s
out
h. P
refe
rs t
hick
und
erst
ore
y in
rai
nfp
rest
, wet
gul
lies
and
wat
ersi
de
veg
etat
ion
as w
ell
as m
ang
rove
s.
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
Rhi
pid
ura
rufif
rons
Ruf
ous
Fan
tail
MS
pec
ies
or
spec
ies
hab
itat
kno
wn
to
occ
ur w
ithi
n 10
km
(D
oT
E, 2
014
)
Fo
und
alo
ng N
SW c
oas
t an
d r
ang
es. I
nhab
its
rain
fore
st,
den
se w
et fo
rest
s, s
wam
p w
oo
dla
nds
and
man
gro
ves.
D
urin
g m
igra
tio
n, it
may
be
foun
d in
mo
re o
pen
hab
itat
s o
r ur
ban
are
as (
Bird
s A
ustr
alia
20
08)
.
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
Ros
trat
ula
aust
ralis
Aus
tral
ian
Pai
nted
Sni
pe
E1
E1
E, M
Sp
ecie
s o
r sp
ecie
s ha
bit
at li
kely
to
o
ccur
wit
hin
10 k
m
(Do
TE
, 20
14)
No
rmal
ly fo
und
in p
erm
anen
t o
r ep
hem
eral
sha
llow
in
land
wet
land
s, e
ithe
r fr
eshw
ater
or
bra
ckis
h. N
ests
on
the
gro
und
am
ong
st t
all r
eed
-lik
e ve
get
atio
n ne
ar w
ater
. F
eed
s o
n m
udfla
ts a
nd t
he w
ater
’s e
dg
e ta
king
inse
cts,
w
orm
and
see
ds.
Pre
fers
fri
nges
of
swam
ps,
dam
s an
d
near
by m
arsh
y ar
eas
wit
h co
ver
of
gra
sses
, lig
num
, low
sc
rub
or
op
en t
imb
er.
Nil.
No
sui
tab
le
hab
itat
pre
sent
in t
he
sub
ject
site
.
Gal
linag
o
hard
wic
kii
Lath
am’s
Sni
pe
C,J
,K7
reco
rds
wit
hin
10 k
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GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 105
Assessment of significance – River-flat Eucalypt Forest Endangered Ecological Community
River-flat Eucalypt Forest (RFEF) is listed as an endangered ecological community under the TSC Act.
This community is found on the river flats of coastal floodplains. It has a tall open tree layer of eucalypts, which may exceed 40 m in height, but can be considerably shorter in regrowth stands or under conditions of lower site quality. While the composition of the tree stratum varies considerably, the most widespread and abundant dominant trees include Eucalyptus tereticornis (Forest Red Gum), E. amplifolia (cabbage gum), Angophora floribunda (rough-barked apple) and A. subvelutina (broad-leaved apple) (OEH, 2013a).
The community is associated with silts, clay-loams and sandy loams, on periodically inundated alluvial flats, drainage lines and river terraces associated with coastal floodplains. RFEF generally occurs below 50 m elevation, but may occur on localised river flats up to 250 m above sea level. The structure of the community may vary from tall open forests to woodlands, although partial clearing may have reduced the canopy to scattered trees (OEH, 2013a).
RFEF occurs within the subject site and study area as highly modified form of the community adjacent to McBarron Creek. The vegetation is in low condition and there is evidence of historical soil disturbance associated with the construction of the railway line, vegetation clearing, rubbish and soil dumping and noxious weed infestations. The vegetation represents the southern tip of a more extensive stand of native vegetation that extends to the north of the study area within Pembroke Park.
Assessment of significance River-flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal Floodplainsa) in the case of a threatened species, whether the action proposed is likely to have an adverse effect
on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction
Not applicable to this threatened ecological community.
b) in the case of an endangered population, whether the action proposed is likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species that constitutes the endangered population such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction
Not applicable to this threatened ecological community.
c) in the case of an endangered ecological community or critically endangered ecological community, whether the action proposed:
(i) is likely to have an adverse effect on the extent of the ecological community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction
The proposal would result in the permanent removal of 0.09 hectares of RFEF from within the subject site. The vegetation to be cleared is in low condition and has been heavily modified and forms the southern disturbed edge of a larger stand of vegetation that extends to the north within Pembroke Park. The small area of vegetation to be removed does not support habitat for threatened flora and fauna species given its low condition and landscape context. The removal of this small area of highly modified vegetation is unlikely to place the local occurrence of the community at risk of extinction.
(ii) is likely to substantially and adversely modify the composition of the ecological community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 106
Assessment of significance River-flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal FloodplainsThe RFEF vegetation to be removed is highly modified regrowth with limited floristic and structural diversity. It is heavily infested with weeds, with an understorey dominated by exotic grass and herb species.
There will be no direct impacts on areas of higher quality RFEF vegetation to the north of the study area. Indirect impacts on retained vegetation in the locality are highly unlikely given the small scale of the proposal, its location within a highly disturbed area and the implementation of measure to minimise the potential for erosion and sedimentation and the spread of weeds. The removal of a small area of this community from an already degraded and fragmented riparian corridor would be unlikely to alter the composition of adjoining retained vegetation such that the local occurrence of this community would be placed at risk of extinction.
d) in relation to the habitat of a threatened species, population or ecological community:
(i) the extent to which habitat is likely to be removed or modified as a result of the action proposed
The proposal would remove about 0.09 ha of highly modified RFEF from within the subject site. Vegetation to be removed is in low condition and supports extensive infestations of exotic species.
(ii) whether an area of habitat is likely to become fragmented or isolated from other areas of habitat as a result of the proposed action
Vegetation within the locality of the proposal is already highly fragmented by roads, residential and industrial developments. The proposal will remove 0.09 hectares of low condition highly modified RFEF from the terminal edge of a patch of vegetation adjacent to the existing rail corridor (refer Figure 1). Removal of this vegetation as a result of the proposal will not result in any barriers to fauna movement, pollination, seed dispersal or other ecological processes or an area of habitat becoming fragmented or isolated from other areas of habitat.
(iii) the importance of the habitat to be removed, modified, fragmented or isolated to the long-term survival of the species, population or ecological community in the locality
As previously discussed, the small area of vegetation to be removed is consistent with a low condition form of this community and comprises the highly disturbed, edge of a larger patch of vegetation that extends to the north. The vegetation to be removed is heavily infested with weeds and does not form an important part of a vegetation link or habitat corridor. The vegetation provides marginal habitat for a small number of common and widespread species typical of disturbed urban environments and does not contain habitat of relevance for threatened flora and fauna. Given these considerations, the habitat to be removed is not likely to be important for the long-term survival of this ecological community in the locality.
e) whether the action proposed is likely to have an adverse effect on critical habitat (either directly or indirectly)
There is no critical habitat listed for this threatened ecological community.
f) whether the action proposed is consistent with the objectives or actions of a recovery plan or threat abatement plan
The OEH has identified 26 priority actions to help recover RFEF community in NSW (OEH, 2014a). The proposal involves clearing of RFEF and is consequently inconsistent with the objectives of the identified recovery strategies. However, as discussed under criteria c and d, the proposal will have negligible impacts on the local occurrence of the community and would not seriously affect the recovery of this threatened ecological community.
g) whether the action proposed constitutes or is part of a key threatening process or is likely to result in the operation of, or increase the impact of, a key threatening process (KTP)
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 107
Assessment of significance River-flat Eucalypt Forest on Coastal FloodplainsClearing of native vegetation is listed as a key threatening process under the TSC Act. The proposal will involve clearing a very small area of highly modified and degraded RFEF and would only make a very minor contribution to the operation of this KTP with respect to RFEF in the locality.
The proposal is highly unlikely to result in the operation of, or increase the impact of any other KTPs of relevance to RFEF in the locality.
Conclusion of Assessment of Significance for River-flat Eucalypt Forest
The proposal is highly unlikely to result in a significant effect on RFEF, pursuant to s.5A of the EP&A Act, given:
The proposal will remove only 0.09 hectares of highly disturbed and modified regrowth vegetation and will therefore not result in a significant reduction in the extent or occurrence of the community within the locality.
The proposal will not result in the direct disturbance or modification of, or an increase in fragmentation or isolation of any retained areas of vegetation or habitat.
The highly modified and degraded vegetation to be impacted is unlikely to be important to the long-term survival of the community in the locality.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 108
Appendix D – Electromagnetic energy assessment
EMC Services Pty Ltd ABN 42 072 235 306
12/8 Tilley Lane Frenchs Forest NSW 2086 AUSTRALIA Tel +61 2 9975 4555 Fax +61 2 9876 2796
Report No. 140216DRAFT
Prediction and Assessment of Electromagnetic Fields for the Proposed
Railway Electrical Substation at Minto for GHD
byYu Ji
PhD MSc (Elect) SMIEEE
Signed: 11 March 2014
Geoffrey Garrett BE (Elect) Hons.This report may not be reproduced whole or in part without the permission of EMC Services Pty Ltd.
π EMC Services - Consulting engineers in EMC, EMR, RF hazards and site surveysInternational - Tel 61-2-9975 4555, Fax 61-2-9876 2796, E-Mail [email protected]
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 109
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 110
2 Objective 110
3 Applicable Standards 111
4 Analysis 112
4.1 Main Equipment in the Proposed Minto Substation 112
4.2 Sources of EMF 112
4.3 Electromagnetic Field Behaviour 112
4.4 Predicted EMF Field Strengths 113
4.4.1 Assumptions 113
4.4.2 Power Frequency Electromagnetic Fields 114
4.4.3 Radio Frequency EMF Strengths 114
4.5 Analysis of EMF Predictions 115
4.5.1 Impact on health 115
4.5.2 Impact on Radiocommunications and Broadcasting 115
5 Conclusions & Recommendations 116
5.1 Health & Safety 116
5.2 Interference 116
5.3 Survey 116
6 Appendix 117
Figure 1 . Location of the Proposed Minto Substation - Aerial View 119
Figure 2 . Locations for EMF Predictions Inside of the Proposed Minto Substation – Plan View 120
Figure 3 . Locations for EMF Predictions Outside of the Proposed Minto Substation 121
Applicable Documents
[1] AS/NZS 2344:2007 Limits of electromagnetic interference from overhead a.c. powerlines and high voltage equipment installations in the frequency range 0.15 to 1000 MHz, published by Standards Australia
[2] ARPANSA Radiation Health Series (RHS) No. 30, Interim Guidelines on Limits of Exposure to 50/60 Hz Electric and magnetic Fields (1989).
[3] RPS3 (Radiation Protection Standard 3), Maximum Exposure Levels to Radio-Frequency Fields – 3kHz to 300GHz (2002), National Health and Medical Research Council.
[4] Guidelines for the Management of 50 Hz Magnetic Fields in Office Buildings Owned and Managed by the Queensland Department of Public Works.
[5] AS/NZS CISPR 11: Industrial scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency equipment – Electromagnetic disturbance characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 110
1 INTRODUCTION
Transport for NSW has proposed a location at Minto for constructing a 33 kVAC to 1500 VDC substation. Minto Substation will be a new 2 x 5 MW substation replacing the existing Leumeah Substation, to provide additional capacity and improved reliability for the operation of trains on the Main Southern line. The new site for Minto Substation will be adjacent to the existing Leumeah Substation, with direct access to the rail corridor.
A single storey building with a dimension of 54390 mm (L) x 5800 mm (W) would be constructed to house the substation equipment. The location of the proposed Minto substation is shown in the aerial photograph of Figure 1. There will be a 33 kV cable route to either side of each substation. The cable route will be approximately 50m long, installed underground 1 m below the surface level, and connect to the closest existing 33 kV power pole. There will be one 1500 VDC Positive route between the substation and the closest overhead wiring structure, which forms the feeding point for the 1500 VDC supply to the catenary. There will be one 1500 VDC Negative route between the substation and a point just adjacent to each overhead wiring structure (say 5m clearance). There will be a trackside busbar which the 1500 VDC cables connect to on both the near side and the far side of the tracks.
Power to the substation would be supplied via 33kV underground cabling to the two transformer/rectifier sets (a main and an auxiliary supply) terminating at each end of the substation. Each set is comprised of a 5.35MVA rectifier transformer (33 kV and 162 A at input) which produces a low voltage (3 phase star/delta supply of 600 VAC per phase at 5148 Amperes) fed to separate six phase rectifiers. The rectifier cabinet, which contains two three-phase bridge circuits with 1 diode in each bridge arm, then produces a DC output of 1500 Volts. A common reactor (a 0.5 mH inductor), smoothes the 1500V DC rectifier output, which is to be connected to the railway catenary and track via underground cabling. The 1500V DC feeder cables are
reticulated from underneath the 5MW rectifier (an enclosed metal cabinet) via the cable basement and 1500V DC circuit breaker and link switches, and connected to the relevant OHWS (overhead wiring structure). Figure 2 contains the substation floor plan showing the detail of the Administration Room, Switch Rooms, bunded yards, transformers and rectifiers.
The electromagnetic fields that would be produced by the substation are considered in this report. Both power frequency and radio frequency EMF can pose potential risk to human health, and interference risk to the operation of electrical equipment and appliances, if not appropriately managed. Unintentional transmission (or emission) of radio frequency fields can potentially interfere with radio and TV broadcast reception and radio communications equipment, resulting in a degradation of reception quality.
2 OBJECTIVE
This report predicts the electromagnetic fields expected to be generated by the substation, and identifies any potential constraints the electromagnetic fields may pose on the design of the substation, or impact these fields may have on the nearby residents or the wider community. This report assesses the health risks to human occupants within the vicinity of the substation due to electromagnetic exposure and any effects on radio and TV broadcast reception and radio communications equipment that may be used in the area.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 111
3 APPLICABLE STANDARDS
The following Australian standards are applicable:
• RHS 30 (Radiation Health Series 30), Interim Guidelines on Limits of Exposure to 50/60Hz Electric & Magnetic Fields (1989), National Health and Medical Research Council
• RPS 3 (Radiation Protection Series No.3), Maximum Exposure Levels to Radiofrequency Fields – 3 kHz to 300 GHz (2002), ARPANSA
• AS/NZS 2344: 1997 and Amdt 1: 2006 Limits of electromagnetic interference from overhead a.c. powerlines and high voltage equipment installations in the frequency range 0.15 to 1000 MHz
Tables 1a & 1b below, list the standards and limits for low frequency (50Hz) magnetic fields and radio frequency fields applicable to both human exposure and radiocommunications including broadcast radio and TV.
Table 1a Human Exposure Limits – 50/60Hz Magnetic Fields and RF fields
Exposure Type Applicable Standard Magnetic Field Electric FieldOccupational 50 Hz exposure (whole working day)
RHS 30 500 μT 10 kV/m
General Public 50 Hz exposure (up to 24hrs per day)
RHS 30 100 μT 5,000 V/m
Occupational RF exposure at 1 MHz (whole working day)
RPS 3 1.63 A/m 614 V/m
General Public RF exposure at 1 MHz (up to 24hrs per day)
RPS 3 0.729 A/m 86.8 V/m
Other than these standards, in Queensland Government owned or managed buildings, the managed limit of human exposure in “occupied areas” (4 hours or more per day on average) is 5 μT (refer [4]).
Table 1b Interference Limits – Radiocommunications
Interference Type Applicable Standard Magnetic Field Electric FieldRadiocommunications (overhead power lines)
AS/NZS 2344 0.84 μA/m (1,2) 0.316 mV/m (1,2)
Notes: 1. Limit in the frequency range of 0.15 MHz to 1.7 MHz 2. Limit for urban areas.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 112
4 ANALYSIS
4.1 Main Equipment in the Proposed Minto Substation
The main design elements for the proposed substation at Minto, are listed below:
1. 1500V DC Switchgear
2. 33 KV AC Switchgear
3. Two 5MW 1500V DC Rectifiers
4. Two 5.3MVA 33kV/600V Rectifier Transformers
5. Smoothing Reactor
6. 10-off 33kV AC circuit breakers
7. 1500V DC circuit breakers
8. HV/LV Cables
9. Future 6.25MVA 33kV/11kV power transformer
10. Future 11kV AC Harmonic Filter
11. Future 11kV neutral earth resistor
12. Future 11kV AC circuit breakers
4.2 Sources of EMF
The main sources of EMF considered within the substation include:
• High Voltage (HV) power cabling
• Low Voltage (LV) power cabling
• HV to LV power transformers
• Rectifiers
• Reactors
• Low voltage boards
• Electrical switchboards
• AC busbars and cabling
• DC busbars and cabling
4.3 Electromagnetic Field Behaviour
The power-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) produced by the substation predominantly comprise of magnetic fields at a frequency of 50Hz. Electric fields are also present but their influence is far less and can be negligible.
At distances close to the EMF source, such as High Voltage (HV) and Low Voltage (LV) cabling, the magnetic field generally decreases proportionally to the inverse square of the distance away from the source, that is:
B α I × d / r² where: B = magnetic field (Tesla) I = load current (Amperes) d = separation distance between cable conductors (metres) r = separation distance from the EMF source to the observer (metres)
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 113
At distances that are large compared to the source, the magnetic field reduces proportionality to the inverse cube of the distance.
With radio frequencies (frequencies above the audible range) the radiated fields comprise both electric and magnetic field components. At the higher frequencies the electric component can be considered representative of both the electric and magnetic fields. The electric field generally decreases proportionally to the inverse of the distance away from the source:
E α I × A × f / r where: E = electric field (Volts/metre) I = excitation current (Amps) A = area of radiator (m2) f = frequency (Hz)
The source of these fields is the switching or commutation of the rectifiers, which convert the alternating current supply to pulsating Direct Current (DC).
The rectifier is a six phase unit with the following harmonic frequencies:
Fn = 6 × 50 × n = 300 n where: Fn is the harmonic frequency (Hz)
n is the harmonic number
The amplitude of these harmonics decreases rapidly with increasing frequency and may be approximated as follows:
E α ((Sin x) / x)2 where: x is the angular frequency of the impulse π/td (radians) td is the impulse width
4.4 Predicted EMF Field Strengths
4.4.1 Assumptions
The electromagnetic fields produced, varies depending on the amount of power that is being consumed by the substation. In determining this power consumption, the following has been assumed:
• A maximum of one transformer and rectifier is operating at any time as the second transformer and rectifier set is a backup (reserve) should one of the two fail.
• The maximum LV power supplied to the rectifiers is the rated output power of one of the transformers (5148 amps at 600 volts ac).
• The maximum output of the rectifiers is their rated DC output (3393 amps at 1500 volts)
• All the above equipment is operating at their rated (maximum) output
• All installed equipment in the substation complies with CISPR11 [5] or equivalent.
Note - The substation would normally operate at levels much lower than the rated output. Typically, the highest power would be delivered when multiple trains are in this section.
Having considered the scenarios of maximum power consumption, the predicted (calculated) electromagnetic field values are actually the maximum values expected under normal load conditions (that is the maximum achievable loading, disregarding all fault conditions).
The dominant magnetic (H) field is vertical, produced by the interconnecting cables due to high amount of current consumption from the transformer to the rectifiers.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 114
4.4.2 Power Frequency Electromagnetic Fields
The power-frequency magnetic fields from the substation are predominantly emitted from the 600 V cabling between the transformer and the rectifier. There are 8-off cables per phase per winding and in total 48 AC low voltage cables from the rectifier transformer to the rectifier. These cables are about 4.4 m long and about 2.5 m above the floor. The current in these cable conductors and the distance separating them influences the magnitude of the magnetic field produced. The maximum and average separation distances between adjacent cables are estimated as 315mm at the rectifier side and 200mm, respectively. The maximum magnetic field strength, for when the substation is under maximum loading, has been calculated at six different locations inside of the proposed substation as shown in Figure 2, and eight different locations outside of the proposed substation as shown in Figure 3. The predicted fields are listed in Tables 2 to 5.
Inside the substation building, within a 1m distance from the 600V cabling between the transformer and the rectifier, the predicted power frequency magnetic field exceeds the ARPANSA RHS 30 limit of 100 microtesla, applicable to the General Public.
If a smaller separation distance between the 600V cables, of say 30 mm could have been arranged by bundling cables together, the magnetic field could have been reduced by 90% from the maximum separation of 315 mm. This reduction is possible because of the relationship that, the closer the cables are kept together, the greater the field cancellation. However, since it may be impractical to reduce the separation distance, due to a number of reasons such as stress on palm terminals, and alterations to penetrations in the blast-resistant wall between the rectifier and transformer units, there are other possible measures that can be applied for ensuring safety. Such measures could include cautioning or preventing access in close proximity to the 600V cabling, and/or reduction of the magnetic fields by installation of shielding.
Outside the rectifier transformer bunded yard, in the southern and northern Switch Rooms (locations b and d) within the substation, the strongest field strengths are estimated to be 4.04 μT and 3.10 μT respectively. At the substation Administration Office (location a in Figure 2), a distance of approximately 10 metres from the main source within the substation, the field strength is estimated to be 1.01 μT. Outside of the proposed substation, at the substation fence which is 3 m away from the substation eastern wall, next to the southern and northern bunded yards, the predicted power frequency magnetic field is 5.9 μT. This is the strongest field outside of the substation boundary.
The calculations in the above paragraph and in Table 2, are maximum field values based on the substation being loaded at maximum rated capacity. However, in practice the fields will normally be significantly lower, as during normal and peak operating hours the substation would more likely be loaded closer to approximately 30% and 60% of rated capacity respectively.
The 33kV incoming underground cabling will also be a source of power frequency magnetic fields, but due to its lower maximum current of 162 amps to the substation, the associated magnetic field is expected to be negligible comparing with the 600V cabling between rectifier transformers and rectifiers. As the location of the cabling is yet to be determined, the location of the field emitted by the cabling is unknown.
4.4.3 Radio Frequency EMF Strengths
The switching transients of the rectifiers dominate the radio frequency field radiated from the substation, and a larger transient occurs when each diode is turned ‘off’, the maximum rate of decay, di/dt of the forward current in each diode of the rectifier, is 50 A/mS or for two diodes in parallel 100 A/mS (two diodes are paralleled for each phase of the six phase rectifier).
The energy contained in the transient (pulse) is low and not of sufficient magnitude to constitute a hazard even directly alongside the rectifiers however the radiated radio frequency
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 115
(RF) field could potentially interfere with radiocommunications. For the purposes of this report, the interference to medium frequency broadcast is evaluated as the emissions of the transient at these frequencies, is much greater than for short wave radio and TV. Harmonics are produced at the repetition frequency (300 Hz) at an amplitude proportional to 1/n where n is the harmonic number.
The predicted electric field levels at different distances from the 600V cabling in the substation ranging from 5.8m to 100m are listed in Table 6. Preliminary calculations suggested that the field strength from 500 kHz to 1.7 MHz (3,333rd harmonic at 999.9 kHz) would be 0.322 mV/m at 60m distance, 36m distance (locations 5 and 8 in Figure 3) and 18m distance (locations 4, 6 and 7 in Figure 3), when the substation is fully loaded, 60% loaded and 30% loaded (which is more representative during normal hours), respectively, and this level exceeds the AS/NZS 2344 limit of 0.316 mV/m as shown in Table 1b.
If we consider a reduction for equipment or building shielding, the actual electric field level would be significantly lower than the values in Table 6.
As all 33kV switchboards are metal clad, RF emissions from busbars and bushings during a switching event, will be limited and of little concern
4.5 Analysis of EMF Predictions
4.5.1 Impact on health
The strongest magnetic field in a public area is predicted to be outside the substation fence next to the two bunded yards with the rectifier transformers; however these strengths do not exceed the permissible exposure limit of 100 microtesla for the General Public and 500 microtesla for Occupational Personnel, as set down in RHS 30 by the National Health and Medical Research Council (see Table 1a). The magnetic field drops off rapidly as the separation distance is increased and is no more than 5.9 μT at the boundary of the substation. The electric fields within the substation are also well within the applicable limit.
However, as magnetic fields within Substations, Switch Rooms and the bunded yards, can be very high, access should be restricted, along with precautions and procedures to prevent health risks, and warning wearers of life supporting medical devices (eg. pacemakers, Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators, etc…), of the interference risks. The Substations, Switch Rooms and bunded yards should only be accessed by appropriately qualified electrical maintenance and service personnel deemed to be classified Occupational Persons as defined by RHS30. It is predicted that, inside the substation building, within 1m and 0.45m of the 600V cabling between the transformer and the rectifier, that the predicted power frequency magnetic field will exceed 100 microtesla for the General Public and 500 microtesla for Occupational Personnel, respectively.
The RF fields predicted are well below the human exposure requirements being much less than 2 V/m at more than 10m away from the substation even when considered as a broadband signal.
4.5.2 Impact on Radiocommunications and Broadcasting
Without accounting for shielding inherent within the substation, when the substation is fully loaded, the RF electric fields beyond 60m away from the substation, would not exceed the applicable limit for urban broadcast reception of 0.316 mV/m applicable from 0.15 MHz to 1.7 MHz. Within 60m from the substation, radio receptions will be impacted, especially for AM reception and HF frequency bands, though the later would generally be less of a concern, as is typically used by amateur radio operators.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 116
5 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Health & Safety
1. Outside the substation building, there should be no concern of risk to the health and safety of the general public or the on-site staff, due to the power-frequency or RF electromagnetic field emissions from the substation, as the predicted fields are well below the exposure limits set down by the ARPANSA RHS 30 and RPS3 guidelines.
2. Within the substation building, as the power frequency magnetic field level nearby the 600V AC cabling is expected to exceed the ARPANSA RHS 30 limit of 100μT, it is recommended that safety measures be implemented, as described in point 3 below.
3. It is recommended that all twelve 4.4 m long 600V AC cables, connecting between the transformer and rectifier, be bundled as close as possible together in trefoil formation, so as to reduce both the power frequency and RF electromagnetic field levels. However, since it may be impractical to reduce the separation distance, due to a number of reasons such as stress on palm terminals, and alterations to penetrations in the blast-resistant wall between the rectifier and transformer units, there are other possible measures that can be applied for ensuring safety, as described in point 4.
4. An exclusion zone could be established around the 600V cabling, which could consist of precautionary signage warning of high magnetic fields, and also boundary markings and/or fencing, located at least 1m away from the cabling. Installation of magnetic shielding is another option that can be considered, for instance if there are limitations allocating the space required for an exclusion zone, though this type of shielding should be avoided where possible as it is generally expensive.
5.2 Interference
5. Except within a 60m radius of the substation, the operation of the proposed substation is not expected to produce RF fields that would significantly add to the ambient levels within the Medium Frequency (MF) band (500kHz to 3MHz) and so should not affect reception of AM radio broadcasts. However, to mitigate the potential interference impact within the 60m radius, it is recommended that RF shielding be installed around the 600V cabling. The detail of the shielding, would need to be designed, though could minimally consist in the form of a metal framed cage-like structure, which would allow access for equipment maintenance purposes and should allow sufficient ventilation.
6. As the RF electric field emissions within the range 30MHz to 1GHz, will largely be impacted by small dimensions and factors of the installed electrical substation (eg. conductor lengths affecting radiation efficiencies, self resonance of the circuit affecting the frequencies emitted, etc…) it is not practical to predict these emissions from the proposed substation. However, these emissions are not likely to significantly add to the existing ambient environment, so would unlikely risk interference to the main types of communications services such as FM radio & TV broadcasts.
5.3 Survey
7. After installation of the substation, it is recommended that an electromagnetic survey be conducted, to assess the final electromagnetic environment, to ensure electromagnetic compliance and compatibility.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 117
6 APPENDIX
Table 2. Predicted power frequency magnetic fields inside of the proposed Minto Substation when the No 1 set of transformer and rectifier set is operating
Position No. and description in relation to 600 V cabling in the proposed substation (refer Figure 2 for position)
Separation distance from 600 V cabling
(m)
Maximum Magnetic Field
(μT, rms) (1)
a, at Administration Room 10 1.01
b, at southern Switch Room 5 4.04
c, at middle of Switch Room 15 0.88
d, at northern Switch Room 25 0.32
e, at entrance of southern bunded yard No 1 5 7.94
f, at entrance of northern bunded yard No 2 50 0.08
Note: 1. Maximum Magnetic field predicted under maximum loading of the substation.
Table 3. Predicted power frequency magnetic fields inside of the proposed Minto Substation when the No 2 set of transformer and rectifier set is operating
Position No. and description in relation to 600 V cabling in the proposed substation (refer Figure 2 for position)
Separation distance from 600 V cabling
(m)
Maximum Magnetic Field
(μT, rms) (1)
a, at Administration Room 25 0.16
b, at southern Switch Room 30 0.11
c, at middle of Switch Room 15 0.88
d, at northern Switch Room 8 3.10
e, at entrance of southern bunded yard No 1 40 0.12
f, at entrance of northern bunded yard No 2 10 1.99
Note: 1. Maximum Magnetic field predicted under maximum loading of the substation.
Table 4. Predicted power frequency magnetic fields outside of the proposed Minto Substation when the No 1 set of transformer and rectifier set is operating
Position No. and description in relation to 600 V cabling in the proposed substation (refer Figure 3 for position)
Separation distance from 600 V cabling
(m)
Maximum Magnetic Field
(μT, rms) (1)
1, at substation fence, next to northern bunded yard No 2 5.8 5.90
2, at substation fence, middle of the substation 17 0.69
3, at substation fence, next to southern bunded yard No 1 40 0.12
4, next to the cylindrical container 18 0.61
5, next to the nearby building entrance 60 0.06
6, on rail track next to southern bunded yard No 1 18 0.61
7, on rail track next to northern bunded yard No 2 60 0.06
8, on western boundary of railway 35 0.16
Note: 1. Maximum Magnetic field predicted under maximum loading of the substation.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 118
Table 5. Predicted power frequency magnetic fields outside of the proposed Minto Substation when the No 2 set of transformer and rectifier set is operating
Position No. and description in relation to 600 V cabling in the proposed substation (refer Figure 3 for position)
Separation distance from 600 V cabling
(m)
Maximum Magnetic Field
(μT, rms) (1)
1, at substation fence, next to northern bunded yard No 2 40 0.12
2, at substation fence, middle of the substation 17 0.69
3, at substation fence, next to southern bunded yard No 1 5.8 5.90
4, next to the cylindrical container 60 0.06
5, next to the nearby building entrance 18 0.61
6, on rail track next to southern bunded yard No 1 60 0.06
7, on rail track next to northern bunded yard No 2 18 0.61
8, on western boundary of railway 35 0.16
Note: 1. Maximum Magnetic field predicted under maximum loading of the substation.
Table 6. Predicted 500 kHz to 1.7 MHz Electric Fields at the proposed Minto Substation
Separation distance from 600
V cabling (m)
Maximum Electric Field at 100% Load
(mV/m)
Electric Field at 60% Load
(1)
(mV/m)
Electric Field at 30% Load
(1)
(mV/m)5.8 3.328 1.997 0.998
17 1.136 0.681 0.341
18 1.072 0.643 0.322
36 0.536 0.322 0.161
50 0.386 0.232 0.116
60 0.322 0.193 0.097
100 0.193 0.116 0.058
Note: 1. A 30 % or 60% loading could approximately be indicative of normal hour or peak hour loading, respectively.
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GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 121
Figure 3. Locations for EMF Predictions Outside of the Proposed Minto Substation
Note: 1. This figure has been altered and scanned for illustration only, and is not to scale.
GHD | Transport for NSW – Power Supply Upgrade Program – Minto Substation REF | July 2014 122
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Document Status
Rev No. Author Reviewer Approved for IssueName Signature Name Signature Date
0 B James A Raleigh M Nelson 22/07/14