POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS I

Assistant Professor Suna BOLAT

Office: ee 106

Phone: 366 2197

Power engineering

POWER ENGINEERING = The power to transform and restore

A reflection on technology

• Despite its limitations and dangers, technology can alleviate in part the bind in which humankind naturally finds itself. Appropriate technology can increase life’s possibilities, decrease physical burdens and difficulties at work, and free people from routine activities while opening the door to all kinds of mental creative labor. Natural disasters can be averted, illness overcome, and, in a certain sense, with the aid of electronics and microprocessors, the deaf can hear, the blind can see, and the lame walk again. Technology development can provide a degree of social security, and increase available information so as to extend and deepen communications.

Adapted from “Perspectives on Technology and Culture,” by Egbert Schuurman

Course instructions

• My objective is to provide you with a learning environment in which you will learn the fundamentals of power systems.

• My approach is to encourage the student to learn how to learn. To take ownership of the learning process: Initiative, involvement, interactive participation are the keys to an effective learning experience.

• Please keep me informed if you do not feel that I have been successful in this goal. Do not wait until evaluation time to express your frustration ;)

• I want to listen to your concerns or difficulties with the material, and am always available to help you outside the classroom.

Course organization WEEK DESCRIPTION

1 Real and reactive power in single and three-phase circuits; Complex power

2 Balanced three-phase circuits, per-unit quantities, one-line diagrams

3 The ideal transformer, equivalent circuit of a transformer, three-phase transformers

4 Per-unit impedances in transformer circuits, Three-phase synchronous machines

5 Synchronous reactance, equivalent circuits, real and reactive power control

6 Short transmission lines

7 MIDTERM EXAM WEEK

8 Medium length transmission lines, Long transmission line theory

9 Equivalent network of a long line, power flow

10 Transients in transmission lines

11 Branch and node admittances, mutually coupled branches

12 Modification of Ybus, the network incidence matrix

13 Node elimination, bus admittance and impedance matrices

14 Thevenin's theorem and Zbus

15 Power flow analysis, solution of power flow equations, The Gauss-Seidel, The Newton-Raphson method, regulating transformers

Grading

Homework 15 %

Quiz 10 %

Midterm Exam 25 %

Lab. Work 20 %

Final Exam 30 %

Electrical energy

Thermal energy

Mechanical energy Electrical energy

Advantageous

• it is easy to measure and control

• it can be used for a variety of purposes

• it can be converted efficiently from different primary sources

• it has high thermodynamic quality (i.e., it can be converted to mechanical or thermal energy with a high efficiency)

• it can be transmitted and distributed with reasonably low losses

Disadvantageous

• Dangerous to human health

• Difficult to store

the production of electric power needs

to be controlled at each instant to match the rate of power consumption

Timeline of electricity

time event

600 B.C. Thales wrote about amber becoming charged by rubbing -static electricity.

1600 English scientist, William Gilbert first coined the term "electricity" from the Greek word for amber.

1733 Charles Francois du Fay discovered that electricity comes in two forms which he called resinous(-)and vitreous(+).

1745 Dutch physicist, Pieter van Musschenbroek invented the "Leyden Jar" the first electrical capacitor.

1747 Benjamin Franklin experiments with static charges in the air and theorized about the existence of an electrical fluid that could be composed of particles

Timeline of electricity

time event

1752 Benjamin Franklin invented the lightening rod – he demonstrated lightning was electricity.

1800 First electric battery was invented by Alessandro Volta.

1816 First energy utility in US was founded.

1820 Relationship of electricity and magnetism was confirmed by Hans Christian Oersted following his observation that electrical currents effected the needle on a compass Marie Ampere discovered that a coil of wires acted like a magnet when a current is passed thorough it.

1821 Faraday constructed the first electric motor

1826 Ohm’s law

1827 Joseph Henry's electromagnetic experiments lead to the concept of electrical inductance. Joseph Henry built one of the first electrical motors.

Timeline of electricity

time event

1879 First commercial power station opened in San Francisco Thomas Edison demonstrated his incandescent lamp.

1882 Edison’s Pearl Street Station.

1883 Transformer was invented.

1888 Nicola Tesla invented rotating field AC alternator

1897 Electron was discovered by J. J. Thomson.

1900 Highest voltage transmission line 60 Kilovolt.

1953 First 345 Kilovolt transmission line. First nuclear power station ordered.

1954 First high voltage direct current (HVDC) line (20 megawatts, 96 Km).

Electrical energy consumption

2008 Worldwide final energy consumption

Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, etc.

Transmission&distribution

Source: wikipedia

Single line diagram in TRNC

Cyprus electric network structure

North cyprus electric network structure