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Power System Engineering

Dr. Ganesh B. Kumbhar

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Introduction

Power system is the branch of electrical engineering where westudy in depth for its design, operation, maintenance and analysis.

Power System Engineering is one of the important and coresubject of electrical engineering.

The ease of transmission of electrical energy gives rise to apossibility to a generating electrical energy in bulk at thecentralized place and transmit it over large distance to be used by alarge number of users.

Component needed for generation, transmission and distribution ofelectrical energy form a huge complex system termed as ElectricPower System.

The development of power system has contributed to thephenomenal advances of human kind over past century.

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Syllabus

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Syllabus

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Syllabus

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Syllabus

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Introduction

Power System provides vital service to the society.

Electrical power is somewhat like air we breathe: Wethink of it only when it is missing.

Modern society cannot exists without electricity.

Therefore, it should be operated with the goal of achieving

Highest reliability standards

Lowest operational cost

Minimum environmental impact

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Historical Background

1882: Power station at Pearl Station New York by Edisonsupplying power to 59 consumers.

1889: AC transmission line 4kV, single phase, in north Americabetween Willamette falls to Portland by Westinghouse.

1893: First three phase line in Southern California. 1954: HVDC transmission system by Swedish Power Board.

Modern power system are vast electrical networks inter-connecting hundreds of rudimentary systems spread over a

country giving rise to national grid. We are witnessing enormous development in terms of voltage

rating, power ratings, components, architecture, planning, etc.

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Basic Structure of the Power System

In India, power system mostly owned by states called asState Electricity Boards (SEBs).

There are five Regional Electricity Boards (REBs):EREB, WREB, NREB, SREB, NEREB.

Then, there are Central Govt. Organizations: NTPC,NHPC, NPC, etc.

Also, PGCIL responsible for bulk power transfer through

extra high voltage transmission.

The modern power system can be classified as generation,transmission and distribution.

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Structure of Power System

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Power Generation

Power generation takes place in power plants which maybe geographically dispersed.

Power plant may house more than one generating unit.

Sources of Energy:

Hydrocarbons (Oil, coal, natural gas, etc.)

Water

Nuclear

Chemical

Solar

Wind

Tidal

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Installed Generating Capacity (in MW) in

India

24% 64% 3% 8%

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Transmission Network

Connect generating plants to the consumption points: use

remote energy sources.

Interconnect power pools: Reduce generation reserve and

cost, increase reliability.

High Voltage AC transmission

HVDC transmission

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High Voltage Transmission

Lower transmission losses/MW transfer.

Lower line voltage drop/ km.

Higher transmission capacity / km

Reduce right of way requirement /MW transfer

Lower operating cost / MW transfer

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Power Transmission Equipments

Step-up and Step-downPower Transformers.

Voltage regulator

Phase shifter

Transmission lines and

cables

Circuit breakers andisolators

Shunt and series reactorsand capacitors

Lightning arresters

Protective relays

Fact devices (SVC,

Statcom, TCSC, etc.)

Converter and Inverter

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Standard Transmission Voltages in India

AC Transmission

765 kV

400 kV

220 kV

132 kV

HVDC Transmission

400 kV

500 kV