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POWER PLANTS

AN INTRODUCTION

By

R.Mathur, B.Tech (Elect), IIT Delhi 1968

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Types of Power Plants

Thermal Boiler, Steam Turbine, Generator

Gas Turbine- Gas Turbine, Generator

Nuclear Atomic Reactor, Steam Turbine,

Generator

HydroelectricHydro Turbine, Generator

Wind Power WindMill, Generator

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POWER PLANTTYPES -1

Steam

Turbine

FEED CYCLE

BOILER

Fuel

Coal / Oil / Gas

Air

Steam

GENERATOR

Electrical

Power

THERMAL

Boiler

FEED CYCLE

Fuel

UraniumSteam

GENERATOR

Electrical

Power

NUCLEARAtomic

reactor

Steam

Turbine

Gas

Turbine

Fuel

Oil / Gas

Air from atmosphere

Flue Gas

GENERATOR

Electrical

Power

GAS

TURBINE

BOILE

R

Comb

ustor

Exhaust Gas

Compressor

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POWER PLANTTYPES - 2

GENERATOR

Electrical

Power

WINDMILLWind Mill

HYDRO

Water

Turbine

GENERATOR

Electrical

Power

Water

reservoir

Penstock

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POWER PLANT -ELECTRICAL GENERATOR

ELECTRICAL

SYSTEM

GENERATOR

Electrical

Power3 Ph

AC

Gen Ckt Bkr

Grid

Transformer

AVR

Excitation-DC

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Thermal Power Plant

Main components Boiler Fuel and Air Mixture burns to generate

heat used to boil water into steam

Steam Turbine Energy of steam rotates Turbine Generator mechanically coupled to Turbine,

generates electrical power

Condensate & FeedWater System- Condensessteam and pumps water back to Boiler

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LP TurbineHP

Turbine

BOILER

FEED CYCLE

CONDENSER

GENERATOR

Fuel

Coal / Oil / Gas

Air

Main Steam

CRH Stm

HRH Stm

THERMAL POWER PLANTMAIN COMPONENTS

Electrical

Power

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Thermal Power PlantBoiler - 1

Fuel Gas , Oil, Coal

Air & Flue Gas FD Fans, ID Fans,

Furnace Pressure

Furnace Flame

Feedwater

Boiler Drum, Steam generation

Superheaters

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Thermal Power PlantBoiler - 2

Reheater

Economizer

Air-Preheaters

Electro Static Precipitator (ESP)

Chimney Ash Handling

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Thermal Power PlantSteam Turbine -2

HP Bypass, LP Bypass

Control Fluid / Secondary Oil System

Turbine Bearings

Gland Seal System

Lubricating Oil System Jacking Oil

Turning Gear

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Thermal Power PlantGenerator -1

Stator, Rotor

Excitation DC Voltage , AVR

Stator Cooling Water cooled DM Water

Rotor cooling Hydrogen

Seal Oil System

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Thermal Power PlantGenerator -2

Generator Circuit Breaker

Main Transformer

Switchyard

Grid

Synchronization Auxiliary Transformer

Islanded Operation

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Thermal Power Plant-Condensate & FeedCycle -1

Condenser Vaccum

Condenser Cooling water System, Cooling

Tower

Hotwell

Condensate Extraction Pumps

LP Heaters

Extraction Steam

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Thermal Power Plant-Condensate & FeedCycle -2

Deaerator

Boiler Feed Pumps Scoop Tube

HP Heaters

Feedwater Control Station 1 / 3 Element

Control

Economizer

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Gas Turbine Power Plant

Main Components Air Compressor Takes air from atmosphere

through Filters and delivers at pressure

Fuel Supply

Gas , Oil Combustion Chamber- Fuel + air from compressor

burn, generating hot flue gas

Gas Turbine energy of Hot flue gas rotates gas

turbine Generator-mechanically coupled to turbine,

generates electrical power

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Gas Turbine Power Plant

Heat Recovery-Combined cycle Exhaust Gas from GT is very hot-approx 500 Deg

C

WHRSG

to recover energy from exhaust gas

Steam from WHRSG used to drive Steam Turbine

as in Thermal Power Plant

Efficiency Improvement due to WHRSG

Combined Cycle =Brayton Cycle for GT +

Rankine Cycle for ST

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PLANT OVERVIEW