POWERPOINT 29POWERPOINT 29

The Turbulent Years, 1960 - 1968

Early TestsEarly Tests JFK’s Presidency

Social Security increased Peace Corps Space research

John Glenn

Cuba’s Bay of Pigs failure Fidel Castro

Soviet Union erects Berlin Wall Freedom Riders desegregate transportation

Congress of Racial Equality

JFK sees economy as first priority

Social and Political ChallengesSocial and Political Challenges

James Meredith enters University of Mississippi JFK sent in 23,000 National Guards

October 1962, Cuban Missile Crisis U-2 spotted Soviets’ nuclear missile silos in Cuba JFK blockaded Cuba Last minute negotiation avoided nuclear war

JFK increases U.S. presence in Vietnam Ngo Dingh Diem’s government overthrown in military

coupe in 1963 U.S. has 16,000 “advisors” in South Vietnam

The Rights Revolution: Early StepsThe Rights Revolution: Early Steps

Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers Martin Luther King, Jr. (MLK)

Southern Christian Leadership conference Birmingham boycotters gain sympathy of white

Americans March of Washington provides forum for MLK’s “I Have

a Dream” speech

Feminist movement Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan

Tragedy and TransitionTragedy and Transition Kennedy assassination, November 1963

Lee Harvey Oswald Jack Ruby Assassination controversy still exists

Lyndon Johnson (LBJ) replaces fallen president LBJ and Congress passes Civil Rights Act over

filibuster Created Equal employment Opportunity Commission

LBJ wins landslide victory in 1964 Firebombing and riots indicate problems ahead Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

The Election of 1964

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The Great SocietyThe Great Society

Johnson declares “war on poverty” VISTA Head Start Food stamps

Medicare and Medicaid are created American Medical Association complained of socialized

medicine

Immigration laws are relaxed Immigration Act of 1965

The Expanding WarThe Expanding War

LBJ sends escalated forces in Vietnam 20,000 to 500,000 in three years Selective service Operation Rolling Thunder Relentless war with elusive enemy

University campuses erupt in anti-war protests Students for a Democratic society “New Left”

Vietnam War

Rights Revolution: Center StageRights Revolution: Center Stage

Major legislation improves civil rights Voting Rights Act (1965)

Watts riots shock nation in 1968 14,000 National Guards, 34 people killed, 1,000 injured

Black Muslims and Black Panthers Stokely Carmichael Malcolm X

Feminists push for Equal Rights Amendment National Organization of Women (NOW)

Hippies and the counterculture

The Struggle for the Equal Rights Amendment

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AA Divided NationDivided Nation Tet Offensive convinces many Americans

Vietnam is lost cause General William Westmoreland

LBJ chooses not to seek another term Assassinations

MLK killed by James Earl Ray in Memphis in April 1968

Robert Kennedy killed by Sirhan Sirhan in LA in June 1968

Democratic convention brings discord Hubert Humphrey wins nomination

Republicans nominate Richard Nixon Nixon wins narrow victory

Vietnam War

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Election of 1968

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Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

In assessing the presidency of JFK, what were his greatest achievements? Greatest failures? Why is he still so popular?

What part did JFK play in increasing U.S. presence in Vietnam? What part did LBJ play?

Discuss the presidency of LBJ and evaluate whether the Great Society was a success?

After the Tet offensive, how did the American people feel about the Vietnam War? Were the problems of 1968, and after, indicators of this?