PSC 2014CLEMSON UNIVERSITY

HAND-IN-HANDTHE EVOLUTION OF REAL -TIMESIMULATION AND SMART GRIDNETWORKS

Presentation Outline

Brief history of real time simulation

First steps toward Smart Grid Devices

IEC 61850

Distributed Energy Resources

PMU Testing

Wide Area Protection and Control

Power Hardware In the Loop

Conclusion

The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation

1

Analogue Simulators

The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation

• Inherently operated in real

time

• Physical models of power

systems – scaled down

transformers, machines, etc.

• Limited flexibility

• Required highly experienced

operators

• Considerable space requirements

• Expensive to purchase and maintain

2

Digital Simulation

The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation

• Dr. Herman Dommel

• IEEE Transactions on Power

Apparatus and Systems, April 1969

• ElectroMagnetic Transient Program - EMTP

• Development of EMTP at BPA

• Dr. Dommel’s work lead to the development

of several other EMT simulation programs

• Dennis Woodford - EMTDC ®

3

Real-Time Digital Simulation

The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation

• Manitoba HVDC Research Centre

• PSCAD ® – EMTDC ®

• Developed the world’s first real-time

digital simulator in 1989

• RTDS® Simulator

• Today real-time digital simulators are used all over the world

to study power systems and test physical devices

4

First Steps Toward Smart Grid

The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation

• What is a Smart Grid device?

Any new device that increases the “intelligence” of our

networks

HVDC and FACTS

Multi-function digital relays

5

Increased Functionality

The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation

• Movement from electromechanical to digital relays

Prove new devices under realistic

conditions

Test all functions under wide variety

of conditions

Test many new features added

o Power swing blocking

o Series compensation

o Etc.

6

IEC 61850

The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation

Electrical Interface

IEC 61850

Interface

Real Time Simulator

Real Time Simulator

7

Distributed Energy Resource

The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation

Uses for real time simulators

Testing of protection and control

Individual devices and entire

installation

Challenges for real time

High speed power electronics

Installations comprised of large number of smaller units

8

DC Grids

The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation

Off shore connections for wind energy

Strengthening of existing HVAC Grid

Multi-Modular Converter

Hundreds of submodules per valve

Very fast acting protection functions

Conventional LCC-based HVDC

New MMC-based HVDC

9

PMU Testing

The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation

• PMU’s assumed to be critical element of wide area

protection and control

• Individual device performance must be understood

• Control test signal input to measure Total Vector Error

(TVE)

Φ

Re

Im

10

Time Reference

The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation

Common time reference required for simulation

and device under test

GPS time synchronization

• 1PPS, IRIG-B, and IEEE 1588

Phasor

Measurement

Unit

Real-Time

Digital

Simulator

GPS

Clock

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Wide Area Protection and Control

The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation

Wide Area Control and

Protection is thought to

have many advantages and

benefits

The wide area measurement

system based on PMU can

provide information to a

global or master control

scheme

12

Power Hardware In the Loop

The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation

Test of actual power equipment

kW to MW range

Requires special amplifiers or

converters

Simulation challenges due to delay

between analog and digital world

Test wind turbines, solar panels, etc.

Connect real time simulator to

microgrids to represent large scale

interconnections

13

Hand-In-Hand

The World Standard for Real Time Digital Power System Simulation

Smart Grid devices and initiatives are driving the

development of real time simulators

Real time simulators are allowing many new Smart Grid

initiatives to be tested and developed without which they

could not be deployed

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