1900 1950
2018
Courtesy: https://nas.er.usgs.gov
2
Courtesy: Bajer et al. 2018. Hydrobiologia 3
Northern Forests (NF)
Oligotrophic
Eastern Temperate Forests (ETF)
Mesotrophic
Great Plains (GP)
Eutrophic
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• Ability to become superabundant in a habitation- lack of natural
predators and high reproduction
• Voracious feeders
• Uproot aquatic vegetation
• Increasing water turbidity
• Releasing large quantities of sediment-bound nutrients leads to
eutrophication
MAISRC MAISRC
Common Carp
RiponPress
PLA SE Pond Magt
Pop Mechanics
Finterest
New Scientist
Seining Biocontrol Electrofishing
Poison Deterrents Barriers
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6
Ilouze et al. ER. 2011.
??
Chemical control? Selective removal?
Pathogen? Gene editing?
Whooshh Innovations
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Solenopsis invicta virus (SIV)
Red ant (Solenopsis invicta)
Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV)
Cat (Felis catus) European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Myxoma virus &
Rabbit haemorrhagic virus
North America Marion Island Australia
Google image Google image Google image
Where do we begin??
• Candidate pathogens would be: – Species specific – Easily transmissible and highly virulent – Slow mutation rate
• Candidate carp populations would be: – Dense (at least seasonally) – Naïve – Susceptible
• VERY conservative approach to this project… – “Use something that is already here”
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Sampling
• Healthy common carp
• Fish kill- native fish and common carp
Identification
• PCR • NGS • Cell culture
Trial
• High specificity for common carp
• Zero infectivity for native fish
9
10
Photo by Isaiah Tolo Photo by Isaiah Tolo
Year Number of healthy common
carp
Number of Fish kill common carp and native
fish
2017 300 (5 Lakes) 93 (14 Lakes)
2018- 31st August
120 (2 Lakes) 86 (16 Lakes)
Native fish
Black Crappie
Blue Gill
Bullhead
Large Mouth Bass
Pumpkinseed
Tiger Muskie
Yellow perch
White bass
Goldfish 11
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Illumina HiSeq 2500- High throughput next generation sequencing
Quantstudio Real-Time PCR system
Lake KHV CEV SVCV Fish kill
(Common carp)
Lake Elysian P P N Totonka P N N
Pymatuning Reservoir PA P N N Lake Jonathan P P N
Washington P N N Kegonsa P P N Waubesa P N N Monona P N N
Dora P N N Sabre P N N
Gorman P N N Cottonwood P P N Long Lake P N N Clear Lake P N N
Currant Lake P N N Morehouse Park P N N
Byllesby P N N Freeborn P N N
Fish P N N
Survey lakes Lake KHV CEV SVCV Long Lake N N N
Gervais N N N Typo Lake N N N Albert Lea N N N
Benton Lake N N N
Fishkill (Native) Lake Nokomis N N N Forest Lake N N N
Clear N N N Schwanz N N N
Duck N N N Maple N N N
Independence N N N Cornelia N N N Sweeney N N N
Minnetonka N N N Goodners N N N Gervais N N N Traverse N N N Waconia N N N
13
P- Positive N- Negative
2017 Carp surveys = KHV Positive = Mortality event, not confirmed = KHV Negative
“We are excited about findings of KHV and CEV reports because both are major findings
and have implications for biocontrol."
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Koi Herpes Virus Disease (KHVD) Cyprinid herpesvirus 3
Koi Sleepy Disease (KSD) Carp edema virus (CEV)
• 9-15 ⁰C
• Skin alterations often around the mouth and at the base of the fins
• Congested gills
• Enophthalmos
• Lethargic behavior
• 18-25 ⁰C
• Overproduction/underproduction of mucous • Gill and skin haemorrhages
• Enophthalmia (sunken eyes)
• Severe gill necrosis
• Latency
17 All pictures taken by Isaiah Tolo
18 Photo by Isaiah Tolo
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20
European type
Asian type
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KHV
KHV + CEV
CEV
• Virus isolation • Whole genome sequencing of KHV and CEV • Continued surveys
• Particular focus on region with KHV and CEV outbreak • Population impact estimates
• Infection trials with candidate pathogens
• MANY questions!
• Risk assessments • Release strategies • Regulatory and public consultation (ongoing)
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Funding provided by:
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Assistant Professor
Molecular development lab, College of Veterinary Medicine
Director, Minnesota Aquatic
Invasive Species Research Center
Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation
Biology [email protected]
Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary
Population Medicine University of Minnesota