PowerPoint™ Presentations prepared by: Naomi Young University of California, San Diego Human...

PowerPoint™ PowerPoint™ Presentations Presentations prepared by: prepared by: Naomi YoungNaomi Young

University of California, University of California, San Diego San Diego

Human Communication: Human Communication: The Basic CourseThe Basic Course

Twelfth EditionTwelfth Edition

Joseph A. DeVitoJoseph A. DeVitoHunter College of the City University of New York Hunter College of the City University of New York

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Chapter Sixteen:Chapter Sixteen:Style And DeliveryStyle And Delivery

Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 3

Chapter GoalsChapter GoalsLearn About: Language and how it influences us Ways that speakers use to rehearse and deliver

their speeches The various methods of presentation and how to

use your voice and bodily action to greatest advantage

The role of criticism in public speakingLearn To: Use language to best achieve purposes Rehearse your speech efficiently Deliver your speech with maximum impact Criticize speeches constructively



Step 8: Word Your Step 8: Word Your SpeechSpeech

Oral Style is…Oral Style is… Different from written styleDifferent from written style Listeners hear a speech only onceListeners hear a speech only once Speech must be instantly intelligibleSpeech must be instantly intelligible Shorter, simpler, more familiar wordsShorter, simpler, more familiar words


Choosing WordsChoosing Words ClarityClarity

– Be economicalBe economical– Use specific terms and numbersUse specific terms and numbers– Use signpostsUse signposts– Use short, familiar termsUse short, familiar terms– Carefully assess idiomsCarefully assess idioms


VividnessVividness

Active verbsActive verbs

Strong verbsStrong verbs

Figures of speechFigures of speech

Imagery Imagery


Visual ImageryVisual Imagery

Create ‘word’ pictures of people or Create ‘word’ pictures of people or objectsobjects

Use auditory imageryUse auditory imagery Use tactile imageryUse tactile imagery


Figures of SpeechFigures of Speech

AlliterationAlliteration

HyperboleHyperbole

IronyIrony

MetaphorMetaphor

SynecdocheSynecdoche

MetonymyMetonymy

AntithesisAntithesis

SimileSimile

PersonificationPersonification

Rhetorical Rhetorical

QuestionsQuestions


AppropriatenessAppropriateness

Level of formalityLevel of formality

Avoid unfamiliar termsAvoid unfamiliar terms

Avoid slangAvoid slang

Avoid ethnic expressionsAvoid ethnic expressions


Personal StylePersonal Style

Use personal pronounsUse personal pronouns

Use questionsUse questions

Create immediacyCreate immediacy

– Use personal examplesUse personal examples

– Address audience as “you”Address audience as “you”

– Reinforce or complement audienceReinforce or complement audience


Create ImmediacyCreate Immediacy

Refer directly to commonalities between Refer directly to commonalities between you and the audienceyou and the audience

Refer to shared experiences and goalsRefer to shared experiences and goals


Forcefulness/PowerForcefulness/Power

Eliminate weakenersEliminate weakeners– Avoid hesitationsAvoid hesitations

– Avoid using too many Avoid using too many

intensifiersintensifiers

– Avoid tag questionsAvoid tag questions

– Avoid self-critical Avoid self-critical

statementsstatements

– Slang and vulgar Slang and vulgar

expressionsexpressions

Vary intensity as Vary intensity as

appropriateappropriate– Avoid bromides and Avoid bromides and

clichésclichés


Phrasing SentencesPhrasing Sentences

Use short sentencesUse short sentences

Use direct sentencesUse direct sentences

Use active sentencesUse active sentences

Use positive sentencesUse positive sentences

Vary types of sentencesVary types of sentences


Step 9: Rehearse Your Step 9: Rehearse Your SpeechSpeech

Rehearse as a wholeRehearse as a whole Time speechTime speech Approximate actual situationApproximate actual situation See yourself as speakerSee yourself as speaker Incorporate changesIncorporate changes Rehearse oftenRehearse often


Undertake a Long Term Undertake a Long Term Delivery Improvement Delivery Improvement

ProgramProgram

1.1. Seek feedbackSeek feedback

2.2. Learn the differences Learn the differences between effective between effective and ineffective and ineffective patterns patterns

3.3. Seek additional Seek additional feedback feedback

4.4. Consult resources for Consult resources for practice exercises on practice exercises on volume, rate, pitch, volume, rate, pitch, and qualityand quality

5.5. See a speech clinicianSee a speech clinician

6.6. Seek professional Seek professional help if you’re help if you’re uncomfortable with uncomfortable with any aspect of your any aspect of your voice or bodily actionvoice or bodily action


Step 10: Present Your Step 10: Present Your SpeechSpeech

Effective Presentation -Effective Presentation -

ComfortableComfortable

ConsistentConsistent

InterestingInteresting


Methods of PresentationMethods of Presentation

ImpromptuImpromptu

From manuscriptFrom manuscript

From memoryFrom memory

ExtemporaneouslyExtemporaneously


Making Your Presentation Making Your Presentation More EffectiveMore Effective

Be naturalBe natural Use presentation style to reinforce Use presentation style to reinforce

your messageyour message Dress appropriatelyDress appropriately Vary your presentationVary your presentation Be conversationalBe conversational Be expressiveBe expressive Avoid common mistakesAvoid common mistakes Use notes appropriatelyUse notes appropriately


VoiceVoice

VoiceVoice

– VolumeVolume

– RateRate

– PitchPitch


Articulation and PausesArticulation and Pauses

ArticulationArticulation OmissionOmission SubstitutionSubstitution Addition of sounds Addition of sounds

or syllablesor syllables AccentAccent Pronunciations of Pronunciations of

silent soundssilent sounds

PausesPauses FilledFilled UnfilledUnfilled Vocalized Pauses - Vocalized Pauses -

erer, , umum, , ahah, , wellwell, , andand ‘you know’ ‘you know’


PronunciationPronunciation

Mispronouncing words in public speaking Mispronouncing words in public speaking may significantly damage your credibility may significantly damage your credibility

Errors of accentErrors of accent Errors of pronouncing silent soundsErrors of pronouncing silent sounds


Bodily ActionBodily Action

Eye contactEye contact

Facial expressionFacial expression

PosturePosture

GesturesGestures

MovementMovement

ProxemicsProxemics


Handling Audience Handling Audience QuestionsQuestions

Anticipate likely Anticipate likely questions and prepare questions and prepare answersanswers

Encourage questionsEncourage questions Maintain eye contact Maintain eye contact Pause before Pause before

answeringanswering If a question is If a question is

deemed personal, deemed personal, respond that question respond that question is not relevant to topicis not relevant to topic

If appropriate, thank If appropriate, thank the questioner or note the questioner or note that it’s a good questionthat it’s a good question

If you’re asked a If you’re asked a question and don’t question and don’t know the answer, say know the answer, say soso

Q&A sessions can Q&A sessions can connect with main connect with main pointspoints

Don’t allow one person Don’t allow one person to dominateto dominate


Criticizing SpeechesCriticizing Speeches What is criticism?What is criticism? Culture and criticismCulture and criticism Guidelines for effective Guidelines for effective

criticismcriticism– Don’t express negative Don’t express negative

evaluation in publicevaluation in public– Don’t prove someone wrongDon’t prove someone wrong– Don’t correct someone’s errorsDon’t correct someone’s errors– Don’t ask difficult questionsDon’t ask difficult questions


Knowledge to ActionKnowledge to Action

Think of a speech you have heard and something you will do to overcome some of the flaws in the delivery of that speech.

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