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Chapter 3

Aqueous Reactions and

Solution Stoichiometry

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Solutions

Homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances.

The solvent is present in greatest abundance.

All other substances are solutes.

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Displacement Reactions

In displacement reactions, ions oxidise an element.

The ions, then, are reduced.

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Displacement Reactions

In this reaction, silver ions oxidise copper

metal:

Cu(s) + 2 Ag+(aq) Cu2+(aq) + 2 Ag(s)

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Displacement Reactions

The reverse reaction, however, does not

occur:

Cu2+ (aq) + 2 Ag (s) Cu (s) + 2 Ag+ (aq)

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Activity Series of Metals in Aqueous Solution

Table 3.4

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Molarity

Two solutions can contain the same compounds but be quite different because the proportions of those compounds are different.

Molarity is one way to measure the concentration of a solution.

moles of solute

volume of solution in litresMolarity (M) =

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Mixing a Solution

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Dilution

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Using Molarities inStoichiometric Calculations

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Titration

The analytical technique in which one can calculate the concentration of a solute in a solution.

Figure 3.20

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Titration

Figure 3.19

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia

Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, Langford, Sagatys: Chemistry 2e © 2010 Pearson Education Australia