of 45
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
1/45
Xlwd~} l`
Sdg
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
2/45
Aksedaksim} ig Mlgsdusi} k mlax~dedg}ipd mt~~imtbta `l~ sed aiccbd o~kcd}' Is wk} cdpdblxdc ig mlbbknl~ksilg
wise sed _i}mlg}ig Mdgsd~ `l~ Dctmksilg ^d}dk~me" ]mellb l` Dctmksilg" Tgipd~}isy l` _i}mlg}igAkci}lg kgc
sed @~dtcdgsekb Ig}sistsd ks sed Tgipd~}isy l` Ts~dmes" Sed Gdsed~bkgc}" wise sed }txxl~s l` Gksilgkb ]midgmd
@ltgcksilg O~kgs Gl' 98439>5'
Gksilgkb ]midgmd @ltgcksilgLxigilg} dux~d}}dc k~d sel}d l` sed ktsel~}kgc gls gdmd}}k~iby sel}d l` sed @ltgcksilg
Kbb ~ioes} ~d}d~pdc'
X~igsdc ig sed Tgisdc ]sksd} l` Kad~imk'
Sei} wl~j i} x~lsdmsdc tgcd~ mt~~dgs T']' mlxy~ioes bkw}" kgc sed xd~`l~akgmd" ci}xbky" kgc lsed~ kxxbimknbd t}d}
l` is k~d olpd~gdc ny sel}d bkw}' Kgy t}d} gls ig mlg`l~aisy wise sed T']' mlxy~ioes }skstsd k~d x~leinisdc wiselts
lt~ dux~d}} w~issdg xd~ai}}ilg" igmbtcigo nts gls biaisdc sl ctxbimksilg" kckxsksilg" kgc s~kg}ai}}ilg ny
sdbdpi}ilg l~ lsed~ cdpimd} l~ x~lmd}}d}' @l~ al~d ig`l~aksilg ~dok~cigo k bimdg}d" w~isd Dgmymblxcik N~iskggimk"
Igm'" =;8 ]ltse Aimeiokg Kpdgtd" Meimkol" Ibbigli} 08083'
I]NG 8!8=!8?;4>9!0
^dpi}ilg X~lfdms
Xdsd~ ]imjbd~
X~lfdms Ci~dmsl~
Sd~i Edcod}
^dpi}ilg Mlg}tbskgs
Gidjk Akamvkj
^dpi}ilg Mlg}tbskgs
D~ig St~gd~
^dpi}ilg Mlg}tbskgs
Med~yb Cdd}d
AiM Odgd~kb Akgkod~
Pimji Ai~knibd
X~lfdms Akgkod~
>88= X~igsigo ny Elbs" ^igdek~s kgc _ig}slgMlxy~ioes >88=Dgmymblxcik N~iskggimk" Igm'
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
3/45
Sed Aksedaksim} ig MlgsdusCdpdblxadgs SdkaAksedaksim} ig Mlgsdusi} k mlax~dedg}ipd mt~~imtbta `l~ sed aiccbd o~kcd}' Sed Gksilgkb ]midgmd
@ltgcksilg `tgcdc sed Gksilgkb Mdgsd~ `l~ ^d}dk~me ig Aksedaksimkb ]midgmd} Dctmksilg ks sed Tgipd~}isy l`
_i}mlg}igAkci}lg sl cdpdblx kgc `idbc!sd}s sed aksd~ikb} `~la ;99; se~ltoe ;990' Sed @~dtcdgsekb Ig}sistsd
ks sed Tgipd~}isy l` Ts~dmes ig Sed Gdsed~bkgc}" k} k }tnmlgs~kmsl~" mlbbknl~ksdc wise sed Tgipd~}isy l`
_i}mlg}igAkci}lg lg sed cdpdblxadgs l` sed mt~~imtbta'
Sed igisikb pd~}ilg l`Xlwd~} l` Sdg wk} cdpdblxdc ny Fkg Ktjd cd Flgo" Kgslg ^llcek~cs" Gkgck [td~dbbd" kgc
Algimk _ifd~}' Is wk} kckxsdc `l~ t}d ig Kad~imkg }mellb} ny Ak~ok~ds ^' Adyd~'
Gksilgkb Mdgsd~ `l~ ^d}dk~me igAksedaksimkb ]midgmd} Dctmksilg ]sk``
Selak} K' land~o Flkg Ckgidb} Xdc~l
Ci~dmsl~ K}}i}skgs sl sed Ci~dmsl~
Okib Nt~~ibb Ak~ok~ds ' Adyd~
Mll~cigksl~ Mll~cigksl~
@idbc Sd}s Aksd~ikb} Xibls Sd}s Aksd~ikb}
Ak~y Kgg @iu ]ed~ikg @l}sd~
Dcisl~ikb Mll~cigksl~ Dcisl~ikb Mll~cigksl~
Fkad} K' Aiccbdslg
Xibls Sd}s Mll~cigksl~
X~lfdms ]sk``
Flgksekg N~dgcd`t~ @kd C~dalmj
Bkt~k F' N~igjd~ Fk}aigk Aibigjlpim
Fkad} N~lwgd Ak~ok~ds K' Xbiood
Fkmj Nt~~ibb Ak~y M' ]ek`d~
^l}d Ny~c Ftbik K' ]edw
Xdsd~ Me~i}sikg}dg Kk~lg G' ]ialgNk~nk~k Mbk~jd Ak~pig ]aise
Clto Mbk~jd ]sdxekgid V' ]aise
Ndse ' Mlbd Ak~y ]' ]xdgmd
@~dtcdgsekb Ig}sistsd ]sk``Fkg cd Bkgod
Ci~dmsl~
Db} @dif} Ak~sig pkg ddtwifj
Mll~cigksl~ Mll~cigksl~
X~lfdms ]sk``Aidjd Kndb} Ak~sig Jigcs
Gigk Nl}wigjdb Fkg}id Gidekt}
@~kg} pkg Okbdg Gkgck [td~dbbd
Jldgl O~kpdadifd~ Kgslg llcek~cs
Ak~fk pkg cdg Edtpdb!Xkgetivdg Bddg ]s~dd`bkgc
Fkg Ktjd cd Flgo Kc~i S~d``d~}
Pigmdgs Flgjd~ Algimk _ifd~}
^lgkbc Jdifvd~ K}s~ic cd _ibc
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
4/45
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
5/45
Aksedaksim} ig Mlgsdus Xlwd~} l Sdg p
Sknbd l Mlgsdgs}
Bdssd~ sl sed ]stcdgs' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' pi
]dmsilg K Xd~}xdmsipd lg sed O~ltgcKg Igs~lctmsilg sl ]ivd ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ;Sed Pidwd~ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' >]taak~y' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 0
]dmsilg N Mekgoigo Xd~}xdmsipdSed Nkbbllg S~ix' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ?Kglsed~ Bllj ks sed kmds~kmj ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ;8]taak~y' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ;;
]dmsilg M Eioe Xd~}xdmsipd}Sed ]xkmd}eix S~ix ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ;=Atbsixbyigo ny ;8' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ;4Ft}s Elw Nio I} Is< ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ;5]taak~y' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' >8
]dmsilg C Sed ;8!Akmeigd ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' >;]taak~y' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' >3
]dmsilg D Lsed~ Bk~od Gtand~}]midgsi`im Glsksilg ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' >4Sed ]lbk~ ]y}sda ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' >4K _kbj se~ltoe sed ]lbk~ ]y}sda ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' >5]taak~y' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' =8
]dmsilg @ ]akbb Gtand~}Cibtsilg' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' =;]taak~y' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' =3
S~y Sei}+
]dmsilg K' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' =4]dmsilg N ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' =0]dmsilg M' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' =?]dmsilg C' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' =?]dmsilg D ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' =5]dmsilg @ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' =5
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
6/45
pi N~iskggimk Aksedaksim} ]y}sda
Cdk~]stcdgs"_dbmladslX
lwd~}l`Sdg'
Ekpdyltdpd~wlgcd~dc
wekssedwl~bcbllj}
bijd`~laeioeknlpdsed
o~ltgc
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
7/45
Aksedaksim} ig Mlgsdus Xlwd~} l` Sdg ;
K' XD^]XDMSIPD LG SED O^LTGC
Ed~d k~d }lad xelsl} seks ylt wibb wl~j wise kokig bksd~ ig sei} tgis' ^ioes glw" seigj
knlts sed ci``d~dgs }ivd} }elwg ig sed xelsl}'
Sed sknbd ndblw oipd} ig`l~aksilg knlts Fleg Cld" wel i} }bddxigo lg k ximgim nbkgjds
ig Meimkol'
;' k' Akjd k sknbd }iaibk~ sl sed lgd knlpd }elwigo ylt~ lwg cksk `l~ wed~d ylt bipd'
n' Elw cl sed gtand~} ig ylt~ sknbd ci``d~ `~la sed gtand~} ig Fleg Cld} sknbd"?40 ja%cikadsd~)
4"?=3";80"888
Gl~seKad~imk
>3">=8"888 ja> 343";5?"888
Tgisdc ]sksd} 9"=?>"4?; ja> >35"?89"988
Ibbigli} ;34"9=3 ja> ;;"3=8"088
Meimkol 49; ja> >"?5="?88
4
Fld Cld ;'5 adsd~} ;
Xlxtbksilg
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
8/45
> N~iskggimk Aksedaksim} ]y}sda
Xlwd~} l` Sdg
K pidwd~ mkg nd akcd sl edbx ylt `lmt} ylt~ pi}ilg lg k }{tk~d ~doilg' Ylt wibb
igpd}sioksd elw sed }ivd l` sed ~doilg mekgod} k} ylt alpd sed pidwd~ `k~sed~ kwky'
T}igo ]stcdgs Kmsipisy ]edds} ; kgc >" mlg}s~tms sed pidwd~ ylt
}dd ed~d'
T}d }mi}}l~} sl mts
sed pidwd~ lts' Mts
kblgo kbb sed }lbic
bigd} %cl gls mts
kblgo sed clssdc
bigd})' @lbc kblgo sed
clssdc bigd} sl akjd
k xy~kaic wise sed
slx `bkx} lxdg' Skxd
sed }icd} slodsed~'
Ksskme sed nlssla
}{tk~d wigclw sl
sed pidwd~'
I` ylt ekpd
mlg}s~tmsdc is
ml~~dmsby" ylt glw
ekpd k pidwd~ seks
bllj} }iaibk~ sl sed
c~kwigo lg sed
~ioes' Sed lxdgigo
ks sed slx l` sed
xy~kaic i} `l~ ylt
sl bllj se~ltoe'
>' Elw blgo i}
lgd }icd l` sed
nlssla wigclw
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
9/45
Aksedaksim} ig Mlgsdus Xlwd~} l Sdg =
K' Xd~}xdmsipd lg sed O~ltgc
Ci}skgmd`~la Dydsl Nlssla
Ci}skgmd`~la Slxsl Nlssla
Slx
Nlssla
Ig sei} }dmsilg" ylt wibb t}d ylt~ pidwd~ sl ods
k gdw xd~}xdmsipd lg sed wl~bc'
Xy~kaic6@bkx} Mbl}dc
Pidwd~6@bkx} Lxdg
Ml~~dms Xl}isilgl` Dyd
Sl t}d sed pidwd~ ml~~dmsby" ylt~ dyd }eltbc nd ks sed slx l` sed pidwd~" ks sed xligs
wed~d sed `bkx} wltbc adds i` sedy wd~d mbl}dc' Xl}isilg ylt~ dyd }l seks ylt }dd sed
ltsbigd l` sed nlssla wigclw" nts gls sed nl~cd~ k~ltgc is'
=' Xts sed pidwd~ lg k `bks }t~`kmd'
k' Elw mltbc ylt adk}t~d sed ci}skgmd `~la sed slx l` sed pidwd~ sl sed nlssla"888 a
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
14/45
;' k' _iselts t}igo sed }mkbd kgc sed xelslo~kxe" cdsd~aigd sed ciadg}ilg} l` sed
}{tk~d ~doilg seks Kgc~dk }dd}' Duxbkig elw ylt `ltgc ylt~ kg}wd~'
n' T}d sed }mkbd sl cdsd~aigd sed bdgose kgc sed wicse l` sed }{tk~d ~doilg' Mlaxk~d
sei} kg}wd~ sl ylt~ kg}wd~ `l~ xk~s k'
>' _eks k~d sed kxx~luiaksd bdgose kgc wicse adk}t~dadgs} l` sed lpkb ~kmds~kmj"888 a
Ndmkt}d sed~d i} gl wigc" sed nkbbllg ~i}d}
}s~kioes tx' Ks k edioes l` =48 adsd~}" Kgc~dk
bdkg} lpd~ sed }icd kgc bllj} }s~kioes clwg
se~ltoe ed~ pidwd~' ]ed }dd} sed ~doilg ig}icd
sed weisd }{tk~d ig sed xelslo~kxe ndblw'
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
15/45
Aksedaksim} ig Mlgsdus Xlwd~} l Sdg 9
N' Mekgoigo Xd~}xdmsipd
Ct~igo sed s~ix" sed nkbbllg ~i}d} eioed~ kgc eioed~' Dkme siad sed edioes cltnbd}" Kgc~dk
kgc N~ikg glsimd seks sed ciadg}ilg} l` sed }{tk~d ~doilg sedy }dd se~ltoe sed pidwd~
cltnbd}" sll' Ylt mkg ~dx~d}dgs sei} xkssd~g t}igo k~~lw bkgotkod" k} }elwg ndblw'
=48 adsd~} >
?88 adsd~} >
"588 adsd~}" sed }{tk~d ~doilg seks Kgc~dk kgc N~ikg }dd adk}t~d}>"588 ny >"588 adsd~}' Sed~d i} dgltoe luyodg ig sed ki~ sl n~dkse tx sl kg dbdpksilg l`
knlts ;;"888 adsd~}' ]txxl}d Kgc~dk kgc N~ikg mlgsigtd sl ~i}d ndylgc >"588 adsd~}'
0' k' Kcc al~d }sdx} sl sed k~~lw bkgotkod xkssd~g ylt w~lsd `l~ x~lnbda 4 tgsib ylt
dumddc ;;"888 adsd~}'
n' Cd}m~ind sed ciadg}ilg} l` }{tk~d ~doilg} }ddg ks dkme l` sed}d kccisilgkb }sdx}'
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
16/45
;8 N~iskggimk Aksedaksim} ]y}sda
Xlwd~} l` Sdg
Sed xelsl lg sed bd`s }elw}
weks Kgc~dk kgc N~ikg }kw
se~ltoe sed pidwd~ wigclw
`~la k edioes l` =48 adsd~}'
Ndblw sed xelsl i} k }iaxbi`idc
c~kwigo l` sed ~kmds~kmj'
Sed ~kmds~kmj i} kmstkbby
swl }dai!mi~mbd} mlggdmsdc
sl k }{tk~d'
?' Adk}t~d" ig aibbiadsd~}"
sed ciadg}ilg} l` sed
}{tk~d xk~s l` sed
~kmds~kmj lg sed
}iaxbi`idc c~kwigo'
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
17/45
N' Mekgoigo Xd~}xdmsipd
Aksedaksim} ig Mlgsdus Xlwd~} l Sdg ;;
_edg sed nkbbllg ~l}d sl k edioes l` ?88 adsd~}" Kgc~dk kgc
N~ikg wd~d swimd k} eioe k} wedg sedy bk}s blljdc se~ltoe
sed pidwd~' Dkme }icd l` sed }{tk~d }ddg se~ltoe sed pidwd~
wk} swimd k} blgo' Sed s~kmj kxxdk~dc ekb` k} blgo kgc ekb`
k} wicd k} is cic ks =48 adsd~}'
]taak~y
K} ylt ol eioed~ ig sed nkbbllg" ylt }dd al~d bkgc se~ltoe sedpidwd~' Ks sed }kad siad" sed lnfdms} ig ylt~ pidwd~ wigclw
ods }akbbd~'
K} sed edioes l` sed nkbbllg cltnbd}" sed bdgose l` dkme }icd l` sed
}{tk~d ~doilg ig sed pidwd~ wigclw `lbblw} sei} xkssd~g6
=48 adsd~} >
?88 adsd~} >
;"388 adsd~} >
>"588 adsd~}
Ks sed }kad siad" sed bdgose kgc wicse l` sed ~kmds~kmj k} }ddgse~ltoe sed pidwd~ wigclw `lbblw} sed ~dpd~}d xkssd~g'
5' Lg k }edds l` xkxd~" c~kw swl
;8!mdgsiadsd~ }{tk~d} sl ~dx~d}dgs
sed pidwd~ wigclw'
k' Ig sed `i~}s ;8!mdgsiadsd~ }{tk~d"
c~kw k }{tk~d seks ~dx~d}dgs} sed
iggd~ }{tk~d l` sed ~kmds~kmj k}
}ddg `~la ?88 adsd~}'
n' Ig sed }dmlgc ;8!mdgsiadsd~ }{tk~d"
c~kw k }{tk~d seks ~dx~d}dgs} sed
iggd~ }{tk~d l` sed ~kmds~kmj k}
}ddg `~la ;"388 adsd~}'
m' _~isd kg k~~lw }s~igo }elwigo elw
sed wicse l` sed ~kmds~kmj mekgod}
k} sed pidwd~ edioes alpd} `~la
=48 adsd~} sl >"588 adsd~}'
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
18/45
;> N~iskggimk Aksedaksim} ]y}sda
Xlwd~} l` Sdg
]taak~y" mlgsigtdc
@~la obicd~}" els ki~
nkbbllg}" edbimlxsd~}" kgcki~xbkgd}" ylt mkg ods kg
kd~ikb pidw l` sed wl~bc
k~ltgc ylt' Sed eioed~
sed}d pdeimbd} s~kpdb" sed
niood~ sed k~dk seks mkg
nd }ddg ndblw seda'
Bllj ks sed bigd} dusdgcigo
`~la dkme pdeimbd lg sed
~ioes' Sed}d k~d pi}ilg
bigd} seks }elw sed k~dkl` o~ltgc pi}inbd
se~ltoe k pidwd~
`~la dkme pdeimbd}
edioes' Lgmd kokig"
ylt mkg }dd seks
sed eioed~ sed
dbdpksilg" sed
niood~ sed
k~dk seks mkg
nd }ddg'
]taak~y [td}silg}
9']txxl}d seks `~la kg dbdpksilg l` >"888 adsd~}" ylt }dd kglnfdms lg sed o~ltgc seks kxxdk~} sl nd ;88 aibbiadsd~} blgo'
k' Ks weks dbdpksilg wibb is kxxdk~ sl nd 48 aibbiadsd~} blgo xelslo~kxe}
seks wd~d skjdg ny sed }xkmd}eix} ktslaksim mkad~k ks sed
x~dcdsd~aigdc edioes}' Sed}d xelslo~kxe} k~d gls xl}isilgdc
ig sed l~cd~ ig weime sedy wd~d skjdg' %^dadand~ seks sed `i~}s
xelslo~kxe" }elwg lg xkod ;=" wk} skjdg `~la k edioes l`; adsd~ knlpd sed o~ltgc' Dkme }tmmd}}ipd xelslo~kxe wk}
skjdg `~la k xl}isilg ;8 siad} eioed~ sekg sed lgd nd`l~d')
>' k' Bkndb dkme xelslo~kxe wise k gtand~ `~la > sl ;= sl
igcimksd sed l~cd~ ig weime sed xelslo~kxe} wd~d skjdg'
n' Bkndb dkme xelslo~kxe wise sed edioes `~la weime sed
ximst~d wk} skjdg' Kb}l bkndb sed bdgose l` k }icd l` sed
}{tk~d ~doilg seks i} ximst~dc ig sed xelslo~kxe'
Iakoigd seks sed }xkmd}eix s~kpdb} ks kg kpd~kod }xddc l`>8"888 jibladsd~} xd~ elt~' Ks sei} }xddc" is wltbc skjd ekb`
kg elt~ sl ~dkme k edioes l` ;8"888 jibladsd~}'
=' k' Elw blgo k`sd~ sed }xkmd}eix bd`s sed o~ltgc wltbc
is skjd sl ~dkme k edioes l` ;88"888 jibladsd~} ;8="349"5>8
;8=3"495">88'
0' @igc sed x~lctms l` 4'04 ;"888 ny w~isigo kg k~~lw }s~igo wise ;8 lpd~
dkme k~~lw'
?' Mkbmtbksd sed `lbblwigo wiselts t}igo k mkbmtbksl~6
k' ;"888 ;8 ;8
n' ;"888 ;"888
m' ;"888 ;"888 ;88 ;88
c' ;"888 ;88"888
d' ;"888"888 ;"888"888
`' 0'=? ;88
o' 95'>=4 ;88"888
e' 8'4?59> ;"888
i' 04'88= ;8"888
5' k' T}d gtand~} }tme k} ;8" ;88" ;"888" kgc }l lg" sl w~isd `ipd ci``d~dgs
atbsixbimksilg x~lnbda} `l~ weime sed kg}wd~ i} ;"888"888'
n' _~isd `ipd al~d atbsixbimksilg x~lnbda} }iaibk~ sl sel}d ig xk~s k" nts `l~ weime
sed kg}wd~ i} >">?8"888'
Aksedaksim} ig Mlgsdus Xlwd~} l Sdg ;4
M' Eioe Xd~}xdmsipd}
;88
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
22/45
;0 N~iskggimk Aksedaksim} ]y}sda
Xlwd~} l` Sdg
Sed mek~s lg sed ~ioes }elw}
sed edioes} `~la weime sed
;= xelslo~kxe} wd~d skjdg" lg
xkod ;= kgc ]stcdgs Kmsipisy
]edds 3" ig gtad~kb} kgc wl~c}'
Glsimd seks mlaak} }dxk~ksd
dkme o~ltx l` se~dd ciois}' Sei}
i} clgd sl akjd sed gtand~} dk}y
sl ~dkc' Sed gtand~ >"0=5"4??"
`l~ dukaxbd" i} ~dkc k}
swl aibbilg" }iu etgc~dc
sei~sy!dioes selt}kgc"
`ipd etgc~dc }dpdgsy!}dpdg'
9' k' Elw akgy selt}kgc} k~d
sed~d ig lgd aibbilg > > > 1 >3' @l~ >3" sed nk}d i} >" kgc sed duxlgdgs i} 3'
Kb}l" = = = = = mkg nd w~issdg k} =4'
;0' k' _eks i} sed nk}d ig =4< n' _eks i} sed duxlgdgs ig =4< m' Mkbmtbksd >3'
c' Mkbmtbksd =4' d' Mkbmtbksd 4='
;?' Mkbmtbksd km ndblw kgc w~isd sed kg}wd~ ig duxlgdgsikb `l~a'
k' ;83 ;8 n' ;85 ;88 m' ;8;; ;"888
c' _eks ekxxdg} sl sed duxlgdgs l` k xlwd~ l` ;8 dkme siad ylt atbsixby ny ;8 n' ;80 ;8= m' ;85 ;8=
c' ;8= ;85 d' ;83 ;8= ;8=
Duxlgdgsikb Glsksilg
Dukaxbd K6 ;88"888
; ;8 ;8
;8 ;88
;8 ;"888
;8 ;8"888
;8 ;88"888
}l ;88"888 1 ;8 ;8 ;8 ;8 ;8 weime mkg nd w~issdg k} ;84
Dukaxbd N6 ;8"888"888
;8"888"888 1 ;8 ;8 ;8 ;8 ;8 ;8 ;8 1 ;8?
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
24/45
;5 N~iskggimk Aksedaksim} ]y}sda
Xlwd~} l` Sdg
Ig sei} }dmsilg" ylt wl~j wise }lad
pd~y bk~od gtand~}' Glw ylt wibb
duxbl~d ft}s elw bk~od }lad l` sed}d
gtand~} ~dkbby k~d'
;9' k' Knlts elw lbc i} k xd~}lg
wel i} k aibbilg }dmlgc} lbc 1 ;85'
k' Elw mltbc ylt ekpd cdsd~aigdc seks sed kg}wd~ ek} kg
duxlgdgs l` 5 wiselts xd~`l~aigo sed mkbmtbksilg ;8=' Cld} ylt~ ~tbd wl~j ig sei} mk}d4 seks
}elw} sed }ivd l` k aibbilg" kgc }lbpd is'
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
27/45
Aksedaksim} ig Mlgsdus Xlwd~} l Sdg >;
C' SED ;8!AKMEIGD
Lg sed ~ioes" ylt }dd sed
;8!akmeigd' ]stcy sed
c~kwigo mk~d`tbby' Ig sed
}sk~sigo xl}isilg" ylt }dd
sed gtand~ ; lg sed skxd'
I` ylt st~g sed ekgcbd lgd
st~g ig sed igcimksdc
ci~dmsilg" sei} gtand~
i} atbsixbidc ny ;8" kgcsed ~d}tbs i} }elwg lg
sed skxd'
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
28/45
>> N~iskggimk Aksedaksim} ]y}sda
Xlwd~} l` Sdg
;' Ndoiggigo ks sed }sk~sigo xl}isilg" elw akgy siad} wltbc ylt ekpd sl st~g sed
ekgcbd sl ods ;8"888"888' k' Ndoiggigo ks sed }sk~sigo xl}isilg" elw akgy siad} wltbc ylt ekpd sl st~g sed
ekgcbd sl ods k gtand~ d{tkb sl ;80
%4 = >)
Ny t}igo sed ;8!akmeigd kgc sed ~tbd} `l~ cipi}ilg" ylt ci}mlpd~dc seks
;88 ;'
Dukaxbd6 ;89 ;89 ;88 ; %9 9 8)
]taak~y [td}silg}
;3' ]txxl}d sed skxd }elw} sed gtand~ 4">5=' Elw akgy siad}
cl ylt ekpd sl st~g sed ;8!akmeigd ekgcbd nkmjwk~c `l~ sed
skxd sl }elw k gtand~ ndswddg ; kgc ;8' ]midgmd nllj} l`sdg bi}s sed
ci}skgmd `~la Ftxisd~ sl sed ]tg
k} ?'?5 ;85 jibladsd~}' I} sei}
ci}skgmd sed }kad k} ??5"888"888
jibladsd~}< _ey l~ wey gls88;8 ;8;
;="9>8 ;="9>8;88 ;8>
;='9>
;'=9>
Ftxisd~" k} }ddg `~la sed Plykod~ I }xkmdm~k`s lg @dn~tk~y ;=" ;9?9' Swl l` Ftxisd~}allg}" Il" lg sed bd`s" kgc Dt~lxk" lg sed ~ioes" mkg kb}l nd }ddg'
Mlt~sd}yl`GksilgkbKd~lgktsim}kgc]xkmdKcaigi}s~ksilg'
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
32/45
>0 N~iskggimk Aksedaksim} ]y}sda
Xlwd~} l` Sdg
Akgy mkbmtbksl~} t}d }midgsi`im glsksilg sl }elw bk~od gtand~}' Ig sed gdus
x~lnbda" ylt wibb igpd}sioksd elw ylt~ mkbmtbksl~ t}d} }midgsi`im glsksilg'
?' k' Dgsd~ sed gtand~ >3= lg ylt~ mkbmtbksl~ kgc sedg k} akgy vd~l} k} ylt mkg
tgsib sed ci}xbky i} `tbb' _~isd clwg sed gtand~ seks i} ci}xbkydc'
%Glsd6 Gls dpd~y mkbmtbksl~ wibb ekpd sed }kad ci}xbky')
n' Atbsixby sei} gtand~ ny `ipd wiselts t}igo ylt~ mkbmtbksl~'
m' Atbsixby sei} gtand~ ny `ipd t}igo sed mkbmtbksl~' _eks cld} ylt~ mkbmtbksl~
ci}xbky k} sed kg}wd~?
D' Lsed~ Bk~od Gtand~}
Ig sei} kmsipisy" ylt k~d oligo sl ntibc k }mkbd alcdb l` sed }lbk~
}y}sda' Sl cl sei}" ylt wibb ekpd sl ~dx~d}dgs ci}skgmd} ig sed }lbk~
}y}sda wise }akbbd~ ci}skgmd}" t}igo k }mkbd' Ndmkt}d sed }lbk~}y}sda i} }l nio" t}d sed }mkbd l` ; 6 ;8"888"888"888 %; 6 ;8;8)'
9' k' _~isd sed }mkbd t}igo wl~c}'
n' _eks cld} sed }mkbd ; 6 ;8"888"888"888 adkg'4 aibbilg ja
Xbtsl
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
35/45
Aksedaksim} ig Mlgsdus Xlwd~} l Sdg >9
D' Lsed~ Bk~od Gtand~}
Sed }iog ks sed dgs~kgmd sl sed xk~j }elw} sed }mkbd l` sed }lbk~ }y}sda alcdb k}
; 6 ="?88"888"888' Ci}skgmd} ig sed kmstkb }lbk~ }y}sda k~d ='? nibbilg siad} k} nio
k} sed ci}skgmd} ig sed xk~j alcdb'
;0' ]txxl}d ylt k~d wkbjigo se~ltoe sed xk~j kgc ylt skjd ;!adsd~ }sdx}'
k' _eks ci}skgmd %ig jibladsd~}) ig sed }lbk~ }y}sda cld} ; adsd~ ig sed
xk~j ~dx~d}dgs;' _eks k~d sed kcpkgskod} l` t}igo }midgsi`im glsksilg sl w~isd
nio gtand~}>' _~isd sed `lbblwigo gtand~} ig }midgsi`im glsksilg6
k' ="5?4"888
n' >"905"888"888
m' 8'8=5 ;8?
c' 4? ;84
>=' _~isd sed `lbblwigo gtand~} wiselts duxlgdgs}6
k' >'4 ;8>
n' ='3?> ;80
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
37/45
Aksedaksim} ig Mlgsdus Xlwd~} l` Sdg =;
@' ]AKBB GTAND^]
Akgy mlaalg elt}delbc x~lctms} at}s nd cibtsdc nd`l~d
ylt t}d seda' @l~ dukaxbd" ylt cibtsd cdsd~odgs wise wksd~
nd`l~d ylt wk}e ci}ed}' Ylt cibtsd mebl~igd wise wksd~ ig
k }wiaaigo xllb nd`l~d ylt ol }wiaaigo' Ylt cibtsd
mlgcdg}dc }ltx wise aibj l~ wksd~ nd`l~d ylt dks is'
Sl ibbt}s~ksd sed cibtsilg x~lmd}}" ylt wibb cibtsd `llc mlbl~igo wise
wksd~ ig sei} kmsipisy'
Xlt~ ; ltgmd l` `llc mlbl~igo igsl k mlgskigd~ kgc kcc 9 ltgmd} l`
wksd~ sl is' Sei} wibb akjd k ;8!ltgmd }lbtsilg' ]si~ sed }lbtsilg'
;' _eks xl~silg l` sed }lbtsilg i} `llc mlbl~igo< _eks xl~silg
i} wksd~ cibtsilg} wltbc nd
`llc mlbl~igo< ~la >8 cibtsilg}
=
3
4
0
8';
8'8;
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
38/45
Ylt ekpd x~lnknby `ltgc seks is i} ft}s k} sdcilt} sl w~isd pd~y }akbb gtand~} k} is i} sl
w~isd pd~y bk~od gtand~}' Kg knn~dpiksilg }y}sda bijd sed lgd seks ylt ekpd nddg t}igo
wise pd~y bk~od gtand~} i} mlgpdgidgs `l~ pd~y }akbb gtand~} k} wdbb'
_edg ylt wd~d cibtsigo `llc mlbl~igo" ylt cipicdc sed xl~silg l` `llc mlbl~igo ig dkme
}lbtsilg ny ;8' Ndblw" ylt mkg }dd weks sei} xkssd~g bllj} bijd t}igo k~~lw bkgotkod'
8'; ;8 8'8;
;8 8'88;
;8 ' _eks k~d sed ciadg}ilg} l` sed }{tk~d ~doilg< T}d sed }mkbd sl medmj ylt~ kg}wd~'
=' Ig ylt~ glsdnllj" c~kw sed }{tk~d seks ]k~k wltbc }dd `~la k edioes l` >88 adsd~}'
3' _~isd kg k~~lw }s~igo seks }elw} sed mekgod ig sed ciadg}ilg} l` sed }{tk~d k} sed
edioes l` sed nkbbllg cltnbd}' Mlgsigtd sei} xkssd~g `l~ k slskb l` `ipd }sdx}'
4' I` sed edioes l` sed nkbbllg ek} cltnbdc dioes siad} }igmd ]k~k blljdc se~ltoe ed~
pidwd~ ks k edioes l` ;88 adsd~}" weks k~d sed ciadg}ilg} l` sed }{tk~d seks }ed
}dd} glw88 a
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
43/45
S~y Sei}+
Aksedaksim} ig Mlgsdus Xlwd~} l Sdg =?
]dmsilg M' Eioe Xd~}xdmsipd}
;' Mkbmtbksd sed `lbblwigo kgc w~isd ylt~ kg}wd~} ig duxlgdgsikb glsksilg" k} k gtad~kb"
kgc ig wl~c}6k' ;83 ;8= n' lgd selt}kgc lgd aibbilg
m' ;"888"888 ;8"888 c' swl etgc~dc se~dd selt}kgc
d' >8 388 `' > ;8= 4 u ;8>
>' Elw bk~od i} lgd aibbilg< Dux~d}} ylt~ kg}wd~ ig sd~a} l` sed ciadg}ilg} l` k
`kaibik~ lnfdms l~ o~ltx l` lnfdms}'
]dmsilg C' Sed ;8!Akmeigd^dmkbb seks sed ;8!akmeigd }elw} sed ~d}tbs} l` atbsixbyigo kgc cipicigo ny ;8' ]txxl}d
seks kglsed~ akmeigd" sed =!akmeigd" }elw} sed ~d}tbs} l` atbsixbyigo kgc cipicigo ny
se~dd' Sed =!akmeigd wl~j} ci``d~dgsby sekg sed ;8!akmeigd' Ndmkt}d sed =!akmeigd
atbsixbid} kgc cipicd} ny se~dd" is cld} gls ft}s kcc l~ ~dalpd vd~l}'
Sed =!akmeigd odgd~ksd} sed `lbblwigo gtand~} dkme siad is} ekgcbd i} st~gdc `l~wk~c6
; = 9 >? 5; >3=
;' Elw akgy siad} wk} sed ekgcbd st~gdc k`sd~ sed gtand~ ; wk} ci}xbkydc == =3 =4
>' _eks i} sed ~d}tbs i` sed ekgcbd i} st~gdc `l~wk~c lgmd al~d< _~isd ylt~ kg}wd~ ig
ciois} kgc ig duxlgdgsikb glsksilg'
=' Ig ylt~ glsdnllj" cd}m~ind sed `lbblwigo x~lnbda} ig sd~a} l` sed =!akmeigd kgc sedg
}lbpd sed x~lnbda}6
k' => =3 n' =4 => m' =? =?
3' _~isd k ~tbd `l~ atbsixbyigo kgc cipicigo gtand~} seks k~d xlwd~} l` se~dd' Nd }t~d sl
cd}m~ind weks ekxxdg} sl sed duxlgdgs}'
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
44/45
Xlwd~} l` Sdg
=5 N~iskggimk Aksedaksim} ]y}sda
]dmsilg D' Lsed~ Bk~od Gtand~}
^dmkbb seks sed~d k~d ;8 aibbiadsd~} ig k mdgsiadsd~" ;88 mdgsiadsd~} ig k adsd~" kgc
;"888 adsd~} ig k jibladsd~'
Ig ylt~ glsdnllj" duxbkig wedsed~ l~ gls sed `lbblwigo d{tksilg} k~d ml~~dms' I` kg
d{tksilg i} igml~~dms" ~dw~isd is }l seks is i} ml~~dms'
;' ="888"888 aa =8 ja
>' >'=3 ja >='3 ;83 ma
=' ;4"888 a ;'4 ;8= ja
3' =04 aibbilg ma ='04 ;85
aa
4' 5'= ;84 ma 5= ;8? a
]dmsilg @' ]akbb Gtand~}
Mkbmtbksd sed `lbblwigo kgc w~isd ylt~ kg}wd~} ig duxlgdgsikb glsksilg" k} k gtad~kb" kgc
ig wl~c}6
;' ;83 ;8?
>' lgd selt}kgcse lgd aibbilg
=' ;"888"888 ;8"888
3' }iu etgc~dcse} se~dd selt}kgcse}
4' 38 >88
0' ;8 ;8= 4 ;85
8/3/2019 Powers of Ten 2003 SE
45/45
M^DCIS]
Mlpd~
Cd}iog ny kbxe Xk{tds,Dgmymblxcik N~iskggimk" Igm'
Mlbbkod ny Jll~l}e Fkakbxt~,JF O~kxeim}'
Sisbd Xkod
XL_D^] L@ SDG ny Dkad} kgc Al~~i}lg' Mlxy~ioes ;95> ny ]midgsi`im Kad~imkg Bin~k~y'^dx~igsdc wise xd~ai}}ilg l` _' E' @~ddakg kgc Mlaxkgy'
Ibbt}s~ksilg}
pi %slx) Xeib Odin,Dgmymblxcik N~iskggimk" Igm': >= Xktb Stmjd~,Dgmymblxcik N~iskggimk" Igm': 3Xeib Odin,Dgmymblxcik N~iskggimk" Igm': ? Ckpd Kbdulpime,Dgmymblxcik N~iskggimk" Igm': 5 XktbStmjd~,Dgmymblxcik N~iskggimk" Igm': 9 Xeib Odin,Dgmymblxcik N~iskggimk" Igm': ;; XktbStmjd~,Dgmymblxcik N~iskggimk" Igm': ;=;3 Ckpd Kbdulpime,Dgmymblxcik N~iskggimk" Igm': ;5;9">;>3" =>=3" =0 Xeib Odin,Dgmymblxcik N~iskggimk" Igm'
Xelslo~kxe}
Xelslo~kxe} lg xkod} ;" ;= `~la XL_D^] L@ SDG ny Dkad} kgc Al~~i}lg' Mlxy~ioes ;95>ny ]midgsi`im Kad~imkg Bin~k~y' ^dx~igsdc wise xd~ai}}ilg l` _' E' @~ddakg kgc Mlaxkgy:?" 5" ;8 Slxlo~k`i}med Cidg}s" Daadg: >5>9 Fkg Ktjd cd Flgo'