Welcome to PowerShell Training

Name : Pardha Sai (Pardhu)Role : Automation Engineer

Course Duration : 10 Hours

Agenda

• What do you know about PowerShell ?

• How Powershell help’s IT ?

• Little History of Powershell

• Variables

• Data Types

• Conditions

• Loops

• What is command let ?

• How to find Cmdlets in PowerShell ?

• 3 important Cmdlets

• What is alias ?

• What is Pipeline and use of where and select object ?

• What is PowerShell profile and how it is used ?

• What is WMI Object ?

Agenda

• What is PowerShell Remoting and How we can remote ?

• What is function ?

• What is module ?

• How to find and use Modules ?

• What is RSAT ?

• Client VS Server RSAT ?

• Getting Started with AD PS Module ?

• AD Module Version History

• How to import & export CSV data in PS ?

• How to Create Bulk User’s by using CSV File ?

• How to copy a user across AD?

• What is Execution Policy ?

• How to build PowerShell Script ?

What do you know about PowerShell ???

How Powershell helpful to IT Administrators ??? &

History of powershell

Jeffrey Snover

He is a Distinguished Engineer and the Lead Architect for the Windows Server Division at Microsoft. He is the inventor of Windows PowerShell, an object-based distributed automation engine, scripting language, and command line shell.

Version of PowerShell

PowerShell V1.0 PowerShell V2.0 PowerShell V3.0 PowerShell V4.0 PowerShell V5.0

• Released in November 2006.

• Supports in Windows XP SP2,Vista,2003.

• optional component of Windows Server 2008.

• Supports in Windows 7,2008 R2.

• Also released for Windows XP SP3,2003 SP2 and Vista SP1.

• PowerShell Remoting

• Modules Supports

• Windows PowerShell Integrated Scripting Environment (ISE)

• Exception Handling Supports

• APIs Supports

• New Cmdlets

• Supports in Windows 8,2012.

• Also released for win 7 SP1,2008 SP1 and 2008 R2 SP1.

• Help update (Man Pages)

• Automatic module detection

• Session connectivity

• New Cmdlets and Modules

• Supports in Windows 8.1,2012 R2

• Also released for win 7 SP1,2008 R2 SP1 and 2012 R2 SP1.

• Desired State Configuration

• New Default Execution Policy

• Enhanced debugging

• workflow PowerShell

• New Cmdlets and Modules

• Supports in Windows 10,2016 and Nano server

• Also released for win 7,8,8.1 SP1,2008 R2 SP1 and 2012 R2 SP1.

• Oneget/PowerShell get

• PowerShell class definitions (properties, methods)

• Desired State Configuration V2.0

• New Cmdlets and Modules

@source : Wikipedia

What is variable ???

Variables

Variables store information temporarily so you can take the information contained in a variable and process it in further steps.

PowerShell creates new variables automatically so there is no need to specifically "declare" variables. Simply assign data to a variable. The only thing you need to know is that variable names are always prefixed with a "$".

You can then output the variable content by entering the variable name, or you can merge the variable content into text strings. To do that, just make sure the string is delimited by double-quotes. Single-quoted text will not resolve variables.

$

• Declare Variables

• Selecting Variable Names

• Assigning and Returning Values

• Using Special Variable Cmdlets

• Default Variables

Variables

What is Data Types ???

Data TypesThere is an additional and important reason to assign data types manually because every data type has its own set of special commands. For example, a date can be stored as text in a String data type. And that's just exactly what PowerShell does: it's not clever enough to automatically guess that this really is a date or time:

$date = "November 12, 2004“;$date

November 12, 2004

If you store a date as String, then you'll have no access to special date functions. Only DateTime objects make them available. So, if you're working with date and time indicators, it's better to store them explicitly as DateTime:

[datetime]$date = "November 12, 2004" $date

Friday, November 12, 2004 00:00:00

The output of the variable will now immediately tell you the day of the week corresponding to the date, and also enable comprehensive date and time calculation commands. That makes it easy, for example, to find the date 60 days later:

$date.AddDays(60)

Tuesday, January 11, 2005 00:00:00

Data Types

What are Conditions ???

Conditions

• If Condition

• if-Else Condition

• If-ElseIf-Else Condition

• Switch Condition

#Example : If-elseif-else Condition

$value = 1If ($value -eq 1) {

" Number 1"}ElseIf ($value -eq 2) {

" Number 2" }ElseIf ($value -eq 3) {

" Number 3" }else{

" Number does not exists"}

#Example : Switch Condition

$value = 6 Switch ($value) {

1 { "Number 1“ }2 { "Number 2“ }3 { "Number 3“ }

default{

"Number does not exists" }

}

What is Loop ???

Loops

• For Loop

• While Loop

• Do While loop

• For Each loop

• Switch Loop

#Example : For Loop

For ($i = 0 ;$i -lt 5;$i++) {

$i}

#Example : While Loop

$i = 0While ($i -lt 5) {

$i++$i

}

#Example : Do While Loop

$i = 0 Do {

$i++$i

} While ($i -lt 5)

#Example : For Each Loop

$array = 1..5 Foreach ($element in $array) {

"Current element: $element" }

#Example : Switch Loop

$array = 1..5 Switch ($array) {

Default { "Current element: $_" } }

Break..Continue

• Break

• Continue

#Example : For Loop with break and continue

For ($i=1; $i -lt 5; $i++) {

$password = Read-Host "Enter password ($i. try)"

If ($password -eq "secret") {

break} if ($password -ne "secret") {

continue}

}

What is command ???

What is Cmdlet ?

Cmdlet Function Get-Location  get the current directory Set-Location  change the current directory Copy-Item  copy files Remove-Item  remove a file or directory Move-Item  move a file Rename-Item   rename a file New-Item  create a new empty file or directory

A cmdlet (pronounced "command-let") is a lightweight Windows PowerShell script that performs a single function.

A command, in this context, is a specific order from a user to the computer's operating system or to an application to perform a service, such as "Show me all my files" or "Run this program for me." Although Windows PowerShell includes more than two hundred basic core cmdlets, administrators can also write their own cmdlets and share them.

How to find cmdlets in PowerShell ??? The folks at Microsoft made several design strategies

when designing PowerShell cmdlets. First is the ability to easily infer cmdlet names, or at the very least make them easy to discover. PowerShell cmdlets are also designed to be easy to use with standardized syntax, making them easy to use interactively from the command line or to create powerful scripts.PowerShell cmdlets use the Verb-Noun format

Example : Cmdlet Name Verb NounGet-Service Get ServiceStart-Service Start Service

The verb portion of the cmdlet name indicates the action to be performed on the noun.

Three Important CmdletsIf you don’t remember anything else

Get-Help : PowerShell has help info backed right in, Just like “Man” pages in Unix

Get-Member : Since PowerShell is object aware, This cmdlet helps explore the methods and Properties within PowerShell

Get-Command : PowerShell’s dictionary lookup, this will help you to find cmdlets you can use

What is alias ???An alias is an alternate name or nickname for a cmdlet or for a command element, such as a function, script, file, or executable file. You can use the alias instead of the command name in any Windows PowerShell commands.PowerShell (Cmdlet) PowerShell (Alias) CMD.EXE / COMMAND.COM Unix shell Description

Get-ChildItem gci, dir, ls dir ls List all files / directories in the (current) directory

Test-Connection/ping N/A ping pingSends ICMP echo requests to specified machine from the current machine, or instructs another machine to do so

Get-Content gc, type, cat type cat Get the content of a file

Get-Command gcm help type, which, compgen List available commands

Get-Help help, man help apropos, man Help on commandsClear-Host cls, clear cls clear Clear the screen[b]

Copy-Item cpi, copy, cp copy cp Copy one or several files / a whole directory tree

Move-Item mi, move, mv move mv Move a file / a directory to a new location

Remove-Item ri, del, erase, rmdir, rd, rm del, erase, rmdir, rd rm, rmdir Delete a file / a directory

Rename-Item rni, ren, mv ren, rename mv Rename a file / a directory

Get-Location gl, cd, pwd cd pwdDisplay the current directory/present working directory.

@source : Wikipedia

Pipeline

You can use pipelines to send the objects that are output by one command to be

used as input to another command for processing. And you can send the output of

that command to yet another command. The result is a very powerful command

chain or "pipeline" that is comprised of a series of simple commands.

Example : Get-Process notepad | stop-process

Get-Service | Where-Object {$_.name -Match "win"}

Get-Service | Where-Object {$_.name -Match "win"} | select Name

A pipeline is a series of commands connected by pipeline operators (|) (ASCII 124) .

Each pipeline operator sends the results of the preceding command to the next

command.

What is PowerShell Profile ???

What is WMI ???

WMI

WMI represents the insides of your computer in the form of classes. WMI provides classes for nearly everything: processor, BIOS, memory, user accounts, services, etc. The name of a class usually consists of the "Win32" prefix.

For example, the Win32_Service describes services.

Get-WmiObject Win32_BIOSGet-WmiObject Win32_Process -filter 'name = "powershell.exe"‘[wmi]"Win32_Service.Name='netman'“Get-WmiObject win32_service | Where-Object {$_.name -eq "netman"}Get-WmiObject win32_computersystem | gmGet-WmiObject win32_computersystem | Select-Object domain

Powershell Remoting

What is Function ???

FunctionsFunctions are self-defined new commands consisting of general PowerShell building blocks. They have in principle three tasks:

• Shorthand: very simple shorthand for commands and immediately give the commands arguments to take along

• Combining: functions can make your work easier by combining several steps

• Encapsulating and extending: small but highly complex programs consisting of many hundreds of statements and providing entirely new functionalities

The basic structure of a function is the same in all three instances: after the Function statement follows the name of the function, and after that the PowerShell code in braces.

Example : Shorthand

Function myPing {

ping localhost }

Example : Combining

Function NextFreeDrive{

For ($x=67; $x -le 90; $x++)

{ $driveletter =

[char]$x + ":" If (!(Test-Path

$driveletter)) {

$driveletterbreak

} } }

What is Module ???

ModulesA module is a package that contains Windows PowerShell commands, such as cmdlets, providers, functions, workflows, variables, and aliases.

People who write commands can use modules to organize their commands and share them with others. People who receive modules can add the commands in the modules to their Windows PowerShell sessions and use them just like the built-in commands.

BUILT-IN MODULES :Microsoft.PowerShell.Core Microsoft.PowerShell.Diagnostics Microsoft.PowerShell.Host Microsoft.PowerShell.ManagementMicrosoft.PowerShell.Security Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility Microsoft.WSMan.Management PSScheduledJob PSWorkflow PSWorkflowUtility

HOW TO USE A MODULE

To use a module, perform the following tasks:

1. Install/Import the module. (This is often done for you.)

2. Find the commands that the module added.

3. Use the commands that the module added.

What is RSAT ???

RSAT (Remote Server Administration Tools)

RSAT (Remote Server Administration Tools) is a Windows Server component for remote management of other computers also running that operating system. RSAT was introduced in Windows Server 2008 R2.

RSAT allows administrators to run snap-ins and tools on a remote computer to manage features, roles and role services. The software includes tools for cluster-aware updating, Group Policy management and Hyper-V management, as well as the Best Practices Analyzer.

RSAT runs on Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows Server 2012.

Client RSAT AD VS Server RSAT AD Client

Windows 7Windows Server 2008 R2

Windows 8Windows Server 2012

Windows 8.1Windows Server 2012 R2

Server

Windows Server 2003 or 2008

AD Management Gateway Service

Windows Server 2008 R2

Windows Server 2012

Windows Server 2012 R2

Port 9389

AD CmdletFeature Level

Getting Started with AD PS Module

Active Directory PowerShell HistoryFormer Scripting Technologies

WMIADODBCMD utilitiesADSI (.NET foundation)PowerShell AD Module

2008 R2 (v1) 76 cmdlets

Forest, DomainUsers, Groups, Computers, OUsService AccountsPassword PoliciesRecycle BinEtc.

2012 (v2) +69 cmdlets

ReplicationTrustsDC CloningDynamic Access ControlADDS Deployment Module

2012 R2 (v3) +12 cmdlets

Authentication Policies

How to import & Export CSV data ???

Bulk User Creation using CSV File

Copy-aduser

* Import the Copy-aduser Function in PowerShell Console* Once Copy-aduser Function Loaded type below command to Execute itExample : copy-aduser -fristName "PowerShell" -LastName "Trainer" -userLogonName "Powershell" -SampleUserName "Pardhu" -password "Test@123"

Function is placed in below txt file

copy-aduser.txt

What is Execution Policy ???

Execution Policy

• Restricted

• AllSigned

• RemoteSigned

• Unrestricted

• Bypass

• Undefined

Windows PowerShell execution policies let you determine the conditions under which Windows PowerShell loads configuration files and runs scripts.

You can set an execution policy for the local computer, for the current user, or for a particular session. You can also use a Group Policy setting to set execution policy for computers and users.

Execution policies for the local computer and current user are stored in the registry. You do not need to set execution policies in your Windows PowerShell profile. The execution policy for a particular session is stored only in memory and is lost when the session is closed.

How to build Powershell Script ???

Thank You

To Learn Powershell you have use it moreHere are Some reference Links :To Learn More : Use Microsoft Virtual Academy For Practice : Use Microsoft Virtual LabsFor Cmdlets : Use TechNetKeep up-to-date : Use https://powershell.org/

Name : Pardha Sai (Pardhu)Role : Automation Engineer Phone : 9885572999Email ID : Pardhasai.Vadlamudi@in.fujitsu.com