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Power,technologyandthe phenomenologyof’convenons: onbeing ... · Power,technologyandthe...

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Power, technology and the phenomenology of conven5ons: on being allergic to onions By Susan Leigh Star Presanta1on: Fang Han, Dunia Bouyambib and Askild Matre Aasarød
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Page 1: Power,technologyandthe phenomenologyof’convenons: onbeing ... · Power,technologyandthe phenomenologyof’convenons: onbeing’allergic’toonions By#Susan#Leigh#Star# # Presantaon:#

Power,  technology  and  the  phenomenology  of  conven5ons:  

on  being  allergic  to  onions  By  Susan  Leigh  Star  

 Presanta1on:  

Fang  Han,  Dunia  Bouyambib  and  Askild  Matre  Aasarød  

Page 2: Power,technologyandthe phenomenologyof’convenons: onbeing ... · Power,technologyandthe phenomenologyof’convenons: onbeing’allergic’toonions By#Susan#Leigh#Star# # Presantaon:#

Susan  “Leigh”  Star  (1954-­‐2010)  •  The  moral-­‐poli1cal  consequences  of  classifica1on  systems  •  L*?    

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Consepts  •  ANT  (Latour)  •  Feminism  •  Heterogeneity  •  Standards/conven1ons  •  Marginality  •  Mul1ple  membership  •  High  tension  zones  

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What  does  STS  do?  

•  Sociology  of  science:  –   Study  of  heterogeneity  (the  nature  of  opposi1on,  or  contrariety  of  quali1es)  

–  Understand  standardiza1on    à  Star  is  searching  for:  Alterna2ve  modes  of  heterogeneity  

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Many  ways  of  having  many  faces  

•  We  become  mul1ple  for  many  reasons:    –  1:  The  execu1ve  (Pasteur,  exercise  of  power)  –  2:  The  tortured  split  self  –  3:The  marginalized  

 

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Suppor1ng  the  monsters  •  Unlike  Latour,  wants  to  take  sides.  •  Wants  to  start  with  the  outcast  and  the  

monster.  Ourselves  as  monsters,  cyborgs,  impure.  

•  Refuse  the  images  of  the  execu5ve  where  the  work  that  is  delegated  is  not  shown.  Not  become  pure.  Accept  mul5ple  membership.  Refusing  transla1on.      

•  ”…a  collec2ve  resistance  (…)  the  personal  is  poli2cal”  (Star  1991:  30)    

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The  problem  with  (techno)science  •  Science  freezes  knowledge  inside  black  boxes  •  Technology  has  played  a  mayor  part  in  problem  solving  (ignored  

before)  •  Science  has  in  a  larger  sense  legi1mized  other  ac1vi1es  •  As  a  social  glue,  has  a  special  place  in  making  social  order.    

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How  truths  are  made  •  Interessment:  Transla1on  of  knowledge  from  one  realm  to  

another.  And  disciplining  it  to  stabilize  a  powerful  network.    

•  How  to  discuses  the  suppressed?  Is  this  goal  meaningless  or  is  the  crea1on  of  scien1fic  fact  bias  towards  the  victor,  and  warlike?  

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 Mission:  provide  some  tools  to  

help  these  discussions.    

•  1:  Find  resources  to  do  more  work  on  tradi1onally  underrepresented  perspec1ves  

•  2:  Using  mul1plicity  as  the  point  of  departure  •  3:How  to  model  (not  translate)  the  heterogenei1es  in  any  network  

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Being  allergic  to  onions  •  McDonald’s  scenario    -­‐  value  system  and  behaviors              

•  Adjus1ng  poli1cs  and  market    -­‐  the  field  of  “special  needs”  

•  Two  illusions;    -­‐  misfit  between  standardized/conven1onal  technological  systems  and  individual  needs    -­‐  perfect  flexibility    

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Sociology  of  technology’s    many  faces  

•  McDonald’s  market  success  •  McDonald’s  culture  of  exclusion  •  Feminist  analysis  VS  ANT  approach;    -­‐  including  the  “non-­‐user”    -­‐    heterogeneity    -­‐  cyborg;  rela1onship  between  standardized  technologies  an  local  experience  

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Cri1que  of  ANT  •  Stabilizing  networks  over  1me  •  Lack  of  irreversibility    -­‐  science  studies    -­‐  establishing  the  Truth    -­‐  who  benefits  from  networks  externali1es?  

•  Establishment  of  new  communi1es;    -­‐  either  too  expensive  or  alterna1ve  communi1es  are  developed    -­‐  Becker’s  analysis  of  maverick  ar1sts  (1982);      -­‐  how  external  poli1cs  affect  communi1es  of  prac1ce      -­‐  “(…)  the  sets  of  conven1ons  are  never  stable  for  non-­‐  members  [within  networks]”  Star  1991:41  

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Distribu1on  of  the  conven1onal  •  Looking  beyond  human/nonhuman  (actor)  mingling    -­‐  beneficial  networks,  for  whom?      -­‐  the  former,  user  and  maintainer  of  networks    -­‐  boundaries  within  networks    -­‐  establishment  of  mee1ng  point  between  externali1es  and  internali1es,  also  within  science  studies    -­‐    establishment  of  standards    

•  “The  produc1vity  paradox”  (David  1989);    -­‐  economy  –  technology  –    produc1on    

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The  transi1on  regime  hypothesis  

•  Invisible    work  of  prac1ce  •  balancing  membership  •  poli1cs  of  iden1ty    they  are  cri1cal  for  the  economics  of  networks  

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high  tension  zone    

•  a  kind  of  zero  point  between  dichotomies:  male/female,  society/technology,  either/or  

•  Jan:  transsexual  surgery    example  •  elements  of  spliong  involve:              -­‐-­‐  mul1ple  membership              -­‐-­‐  maintaining  the  '  high  tension'  zone  while  acknowledging                      the  cost  of  maintaining  it              -­‐-­‐  the  cost  of  membership  in  mul1ple  arenas              -­‐-­‐  mul1vocality  and  transla1on  

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Mul1ple  memberships,  mul1ple  marginali1es  

•   mul1ple  memberships  play  itself  in  the  human  rela1ons  

 •   change  from  marginality  to  

membership  

We  are  all  marginal  in  some  regard,  as  members  of  more  than  one  community  of  prac1ce.  

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Concluding  thoughts  •  Star  wants  tools  to  be  able  to  talk  about  the  outsiders,  the  people  

in  the  high  tension  zones.  •  She  wants  flexible  standerds  within  science  and  society  •  But  what  form  of  society  does  she  really  want?  

 

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Freaky,  freaky  canine  cyborgs  


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