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External Use 0

Powertrain MCUs for Greener Cars

Jeff Loeliger

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External Use 1

Powertrain MCUs for Greener Cars In additional to the normal progression in MCU development of

decreased cost, increased speed and memory, there are new

functional requirements which are driving development.

Efficiency Legislation, fuel cost and customer expectation are driving the continued increase in car efficiency. The key challenge is implementing changes in a cost effective way.

Safety Safety has always been a concern in powertrain applcations, however with recent legal cases and increased control by the ECU additional hardware features are required.

Security New security requirements are driving custom security IP and dedicated cores for security functions.

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External Use 2

Global Emissions Requirements

Source: The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), August 2013.

http://theicct.org/info-tools/global-passenger-vehicle-standards

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External Use 3

The Combustion Engine

A controlled contained chemical combustion reaction.

Fuel + Oxidizer → Combustion products + heat

HC + O2 → C02 + H2O + heat

Using real fuels:

Petrol: 2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 C02 + 18 H2O + heat

Diesel: 4 C12H23 + 71 O2 → 48 C02 + 46 H2O + heat

Fuel is not a single type molecule but a range of hydrocarbons:

Petrol: C(4-12)Hx + Sy Diesel: C(8-21)Hx + Sy

Air is not just Oxygen

78.1% N2 and 21% O2 less than 1% other (mostly Ar)

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External Use 4

Realistic Chemistry of Combustion

Gasoline

(C(4-12)Hx + Sy) + (O2 + N2) →

CO2 + H2O + O2 + N2 + HxCy + CO + NOx + SO2 + heat

Diesel

(C(12-23)Hx + Sy) + (O2 + N2) →

CO2 + H2O + O2 + N2 + HxCy + CO + NOx + SO2 + C x + heat

Three-way catalytic converter (Platinum, Palladium & Rhodium)

2 NOx → O2 + N2 2 CO + O2 → 2 CO2

HxCy + O2 → CO2 + H2O

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External Use 5

Diesel Common Rail Engine (Euro 6 / Tier 2 Bin 5)

Fuel tank

Fuel Pump

High

Pressure

Pump

Fuel

Filter

Assem.

Vapour

Canister High

Pressure

Fuel Rail

Air

Filter

Air

Flow &

Temp.

Turbo Throttle

Body

Intercooler EGR

Valve Swirl

Con

trol

T

P

T

T T

Lambda P NOx sensor

Exhaust

Throttle

Low Pressure

EGR Valve Urea

Injector Urea Tank

Variable Geometry

Turbo Actuator

T

Crank

Sensor Oil Pressure &

Temperature

EGR Cooler EGR Cooler Bypass

Sensor Lambda Sensor Fuel

Injector Glow Plug &

Pressure

Cam

Pilot Main Post After C

urre

nt

Diesel

Oxidation

Catalyst

Diesel

Particulate

Filter

Selective

Reduction

Catalyst

Fuel Pulse

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External Use 6

Closed Loop Fuel Control Between 3 and 9 pulses with the initial peak driven by up to 80

Volts and 20-25 Amps (2kWatts), requiring a closed loop control

time of 1 microsecond.

Fuel pressure up to 2800 bar.

Independent control for each cylinder.

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External Use 7

MCU Requirements

The growth in MCU requirements to meet features required to

meet emissions is continuing to grow.

Basic control

Closed Lambda

Basic control

Knock

Closed Lambda

Basic control

Knock

Turbo

Sensor check

EGR

Closed Lambda

Basic control

Knock

Turbo

Sensor check

EGR+

Direct Injection

Closed Lambda

Basic control

Knock

Turbo

Sensor check

EGR++

Direct Injection

OSEK

Valve control

OSEK

Shutdown

SCR

Closed Lambda

Basic control

Knock

Turbo

Sensor check

EGR++

Direct Injection

OSEK

Valve control

Shutdown

SCR

Urea

Models

HCCI

Pressure

Hybrid

Time

Fe

atu

res

Plasma Ign.

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External Use 8

MPC5777 Powering Future ECUs

Powerful high performance

compute cores with lockstep

for ASIL-D functional safety.

Large ADC subsystem

with fast ADCs for

combustion monitoring.

Dedicated I/O core

Intelligent Timer system • 200 Channels

• 6 custom cores

Dedicated Security core

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External Use 9

Summary

No new technology breakthrough is needed to meet future

emissions and efficiency requirements.

The challenge is adding more features to vehicles while keeping the

cost down.

The future sees electronics playing even more of a role in the

constant challenge of increasing global efficiency and emission

standards. The relentless advancement of MCU development

continues to provide increasing performance, memory and

features while reducing overall system costs.

TM

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