POWERWORLD SİMÜLASYON

8/10/2019 POWERWORLD SMLASYON

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82014PowerWorld CorporationI1:SimulatorCaseEditor

The

PowerWorld Simulator

CaseEditor


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Simulatorseamlesslyintegratestwofunctions

oncecommonly

separated

in

power

flow

software:

Graphicalpowersystemcaseeditor

PowerFlow

package

with

many

related

analysis

tools:

ContingencyAnalysis,TimeStepSimulation,SensitivityAnalysis,LossAnalysis,FaultAnalysis,OPF,PVQV,ATC,

SCOPF

Also,TransientStabilityandDistributedComputinghaverecentlybecomeavailable

Overview


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Onstartup,click

Fileonthe

ribbon

toaccesstheFile

Menu

StartingSimulator


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Thegraphicalpowersystemcaseeditorand

thepower

flow

package

are

implemented

in

Simulatorstwodistinctmodes:

EditMode

RunMode

Modesof

Operation


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Tasks

Createnew

power

flow

cases

Modifyexistingcases

Abilities

Casescanbemodifiedeithergraphicallyorviatext

displays

EditMode


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Standalonepowerflow

Power

flow

analysis

tools

and

sensitivities

ContingencyAnalysis

TimeStepSimulation

OptimalPowerFlow(OPF)

PV

and

QV

Curve

Tools

(PVQV)

AvailableTransferCapability(ATC)

SecurityConstrainedOPF(SCOPF)

SensitivityAnalysis

LossAnalysis

FaultAnalysis

TransientStability

Geomagnetically InducedCurrent(GIC)

RunMode


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Usedtocreateanewcaseormodifyanexisting

case. UsetheRibbonbuttonstoswitchbetween

modes.

YoucanswitchtoEditModeatjustaboutany

timeduringasimulation.

Thetools

and

techniques

of

Edit

Mode

will

be

introducedbycreatinganewpowerflowcase

andbymodifyinganexistingcase.

EditMode


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ClicktheFileMenu,thenselectNewCase.

Modeis

automatically

switched

to

Edit.

Promptedtosaveanyexistingcase.

Displaythen

turns

to

default

oneline

backgroundcolor.

Casemaybebuiltbygraphicallyplacingobjects

onthe

oneline.

CreatingaNew

Case


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Clickanywhereontheoneline andselectthe

Draw

ribbontab.

Inordertoinsertabus,selectNetwork Bus

Selectpointonscreen.

Bus

Optionsdialogis

displayed

setbusnumberto1

setbusnametoONE

checkSystemSlackBusfield

selectOK

Enteringabus


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BusOptions

Dialog

Eachelectricalislandneedsaslackbusfor

powerbalance(pickupslack)

Usedtocancelbus

insertionorchanges

Usedtocustomize

oneline

appearance

SelectOKto

savechangesAND

closethedialog


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SelectNetwork GeneratorfromtheDraw

ribbontab.

Clickondesiredbus.

Generator

Optionsdialog

is

displayedEnter0intheMWOutputfieldoftheMWand

VoltageControltab

Makesure

Anchoredbox

is

checked

ClickOKtoacceptdefaultvaluesofremainingfields

EnteringaGenerator


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GeneratorDialog

Terminal

busnumber

andname.

Usedto

customizedisplay

appearance

Status

Cost

models

Voltage/reactive

powercontrol

fields

Rotor

shape


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OnelineDiagram


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Tosavetheworkdonesofar,selectSaveCase,

fromthe

File

Menu. Beforecaseissaved,validationisruntomake

suretherearenoerrors.

ValidationresultsaredisplayedinMessageLog

display. Toviewthemessagelog,clickonLog

buttonin

the

Tools

ribbontab

Savingthe

Case


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Thepowerflowcaseitselfissavedusingthe

PowerWorldBinary

format

(*.pwb).

TheonelineissavedusingthePowerWorldDisplayformat(*.pwd).

Savingthe

oneline

information

in

aseparate

fileallowsusing:

Multipleonelineswiththesamecase

Asingle

oneline

with

different

cases

DefaultSave

Case

Formats


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AgainselecttheDrawribbontab,Network BusClicktotherightofthebusONE

SetbusnametoTWO

Tomodelaload,selectAttachedDevicestab,clickAddorEditBusLoad,setConstantPowerMWto200and

Constant

Power

Mvarto100.

SelectNetwork Loadtoenteraloadsymbol

SetOrientationtoup

EnsureAnchoredboxischecked

EnteringaSecond

Bus


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Accidentaleditsononelinediagramcanbeundone

Found

on

Drawribbon

tab DoesnotworkwithCaseInformationDisplays

Doesnotaffectchangestopowerflowcase

Undo

Oneline

Actions


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Transmissionlinesaredrawnasaseriesoflinesegments

Toenteratransmissionlinebetweenbuses1and2

SelecttheDrawribbontab,Network TransmissionLine.

Clickonbus1. Thisbeginsprocessofinsertingtheline.

Movecursor

to

desired

location,

then

left

click

to

enter

a

segment,doubleclickonterminalbustoend.

Note:Clickinganddraggingmousewhendrawing

transmissionlines

is

usually

NOT

recommended.

This

willproduceacurvedlinewithmanysegments.

EnteringaTransmission

Line


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Afterdoubleclicking,TransmissionLine/Transformer

Optionsdialog

is

displayed FromandToBusesandCircuitaresetautomatically

SetSeriesResistance to0.02

Set

Series

Reactanceto0.08

SetShuntChargingto0.1.

SetShuntConductanceto0.

SetLimitA(MVA)ratingfieldto400.

selectOK

EnteringaTransmission

Line


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Descriptive

text

fields

can

be

added

to

the

oneline by

selectingBackground TextfromtheDrawribbon

tab.

EntertextFirstCasetowardstopofoneline

Tochangefontandbackgroundcoloroftextfields:

Select

the

text

field

SelecttheFormatbutton

Changethefonttoblue,26pointandthebackgroundtowhite.

Text

Fields


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Busfieldsshowinformationaboutbusdevices,

including

loads

and

generators. Fieldscanbeenteredautomatically,or

manually. ChooseFieldintheDrawribbontab.

Can

choose

type

of

field,

digits

to

right

and

left

ofdecimal,andwhetherornotitisanchored.

Bus

Fields


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Linefieldsshowinformationabout

transmission

lines

and

transformers. Forlinefields,flowisalwaysspecifiedatan

endofthetransmissionlineortransformer.

End

is

normally

determined

automatically

by

insertionpoint.

Just

like

Text

Fields,

Bus

and

Line

fields

can

be

formattedusingtheoptionsintheFormatting

ribbongroup.

Line

Fields


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Tosolvethecase,clickonRunMode.

Only

permitted

to

change

to

Run

Mode

if

there

arenoerrors. Notethatasystemslackbus

mustbeset.

To

animate

the

simulation,

go

to

the

Tools

ribbontabandselectthePlaybuttoninthe

Power

Flow

Tools

ribbon

group. Ifnotvisible,clickonLogtoseeabackstage

viewofthepowerflowsolution.

Solving

the

Case


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Tomodifyanimatedlineflows,selectthe

Onelinesribbon

tab

Oneline DisplayOptions.IntheDialog:

click

on

theAnimatedFlowsPage

check

Show

Flow

Symbols

checkUseFillColor

clickonActualMWFillColor

selectalightgreencolor

selectOK

Case

Options


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Piechartsareusuallyautomaticallyinserted.

For

manually

inserting,

select

the

Drawribbon

tab,Pies/Gauges LineFlowPieChart. Then

clickonthelinemidpoint.

The

pie

charts

are

used

to

graphically

indicate

thepercentageloadingofeachline.

Inserting

Pie

Charts


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AutoFieldInsertion

Click

the

Field

Positions

Tab

Typeof

fields

being

modified

Click

on

Positionsto

AddorChange

FieldType

Displayed


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I3-12008 PowerWorld Corporation

Model Explorer

Encapsulates most Case Information

Displays

Provides means of navigating through

almost all of the data in the model

Available from a few places

Case Information Ribbon Tab

Tools Ribbon TabQuick Access Toolbar


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Model Explorer

Note: The option available on

the Case Information right-click

local menu are now all available

on the Case Information Toolbar

directly above the display

Recent Tabs

Search Toolbar

Explore Pane

Options Pane

Case Information

Toolbar

Object Types

with no data

grayed-out


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Case Information Displays Case Information Displays show the power system

model data and results in tabular format Case information displays show information about

buses

generators lines/transformers

loads

areas, zones and everything else


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Model Explorer:

Generator Case Information Display


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Case Information Toolbar Many common Case Information Display actions are

available from the Case Information Toolbar

By default, this toolbar is visible with all case informationdisplays

Copy, Paste, and

SendFind Search TextShow Dialog

Display/Column

Options

AdvancedFilter

Advanced

Sort

Refresh

Get Column

Metrics, etc.

Auto-Size

Column

Widths

Set Decimal

Places

Set

Area/Zone

Filters

Bus View

Define

Expressions, etc.

Geographic Data

View

Set Field Values

Auxiliary

File Options

Headings,

Highlight

Key Fields,

etc.


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Advanced Filtering Some objects allow the use of filters defined for

related objects Change Select Filter Type to select/define filters forrelated objects

Example: Use bus filter for nominal voltages greater

than 138 kV to filter generators No Maximum Amount of Conditions

Choose the field, then the comparator, then the valuesto compare the field to.

Fields are the same as those available for Case Info

You can optionally pre-filter using theArea/Zone/Owner Filters


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Advanced Filter Logical Comparison specifies the filter logic.

Comparison applies across ALL conditions

AND filter is met if ALL conditions are met

OR filter is met if ANY condition is met

NOT AND filter is NOT met if and only if ALL conditions are met

NOT OR filter is NOT met if and only if ANY condition is met

Other advanced options Absolute value (ABS) compare for numeric conditions

Case Sensitive compare for string conditions

Field-to-field comparisons

Using another filter as a filter condition


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Field-To-Field Comparisons Users have the option to include Field-To-Field

comparisons

Check the box for Enable Field to

Field Comparisons

Click the Find

Button to

choose another

field to

compare to

instead of a

constant value.


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Copy/Send to Excel

Cell A1 describes

the kind of data

Row 2

describes

which fieldsare being

pasted

For Loads, Numberand ID are the key fields

Dialog Occurs only if session

of Excel is already running.

Select existing or

new workbook

and worksheet for

sending data


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Power Flow Solution Go to the Tools ribbon tab and select Single

Solution to resolve the power flowequations.

Refresh the mismatch display; notice that

mismatches are again less than 0.1 MVA. Notice that voltage magnitude has remained

fixed at the generator buses. This is

because they are being modeled as PVbuses.


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Si l t O ti


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Simulator Options:

Power Flow Solution Page

Common Options Tab

MVA Convergence Tolerance the tolerance for the inner power flow loop

Must be larger than zero

Maximum Number of Iterations the maximum iterations for the inner power flow loop

Do only one iteration

Same as setting Maximum Number of Iterations to 1.

Disable Automatic Generation Control (AGC)disables enforcement of MW interchange for entirecase.

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Simulator Options:


Common Options Tab

Unchecking Enforce Generator MW Limitsmeans generator MW limits are not enforced

Gen MVAR Limits

Disable Checking means generator MVAR limitsare not enforced

Check immediately means the MVAR limits are

checked and handled first before a solution iterationis run

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Simulator Options:


Common Options Tab

Disable Switched Shunt Control (affects entire case)Disable LTC Transformer Control (affects entire

case)

Disable Phase Shifter Control (affects entire case)Transformer Stepping Methodology

Coordinated Sensitivities looks at all transformers that areout-of-range and coordinates the movement to bring allback within regulation range

Self-Sensitivity Only looks at each transformerindividually and determines the sensitivity of its regulatedvalue with respect to changing its own tap or phase only

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Simulator Options:


Common Options Tab

Prevent Controller Oscillations keeps controlled devices from continually switching

between two control states for the entire case

Maximum Number of Controller Loop Iterations The voltage control loop will be limited to this many

iterations

Simulator Options:


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Simulator Options:


Advanced Options Tab

Simulator Options:


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Simulator Options:

Power Flow Solution Page Advanced Options Tab

Dynamically add/remove slack buses as topology ischanges (Allow Multiple Islands) If a single island is split into two islands (by opening lines),

then a new slack bus is chosen (generator with the largest MWlimit is chosen)

Post Power Flow Solution Actions Allow you to define a list of conditional actions (much like a

contingency definition) which occur at the end ofEVERYpower flow solution.

An example would be loads that are automatically taken out ofservice when the voltage drops too low.

Simulator Options:


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Simulator Options:


Disable Power Flow Optimal Multiplier The optimal multiplier is a mathematically calculated step size

for Newtons Method that prevents the mismatch equationsfrom increasing between iterations.

Initialize From Flat Start Values always starts power

flow solutions with voltages at 1.0 per unit and anglesequal to the slack bus angle (not recommended)

Minimum Per Unit Voltage for Constant Power Loadsand Constant Current Loads

At voltages less than the defined values, the constant power

and constant current loads will be reduced To disable either of these features, set the values to 0

Simulator Options:


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Simulator Options:


Disable Treating Continuous SSs as PV Buses Continuous switched shunts are normally treated as buses with

fixed power and voltage inside the inner power flow loop.

Disable Balancing of Parallel LTC taps Parallel LTC taps normally have their tap values synchronized

to prevent circulating Var flow. Model Phase Shifters as Discrete Controls

Phase shifters will switch tap positions discretely based on thetap step size

Min. Sensitivity for LTC Control Transformers with a sensitivity lower than this will be

disabled.

Simulator Options:


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Simulator Options:


Disable Angle Rotation Processing

Voltage angles are rotated so that the angle range in an island isequally spaced around zero degrees if any angles fall outside +/- 160degrees

Sharing of generator vars across groups of buses

Allocate across buses using the user-specified remote regulation

percentages

Allocate so all generators are at same relative point in their[min..max] var range

Allocate across buses using the SUM OF user-specified remoteregulation percentages

Options for Areas on Economic Dispatch

Include Loss Penalty Factors in ED will consider losses indetermining the dispatch

Enforce Convex Cost Curves in ED will turn units that are operating

outside the convex portion of their cost curve off automatic control

Simulator Options:


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Simulator Options:

Power Flow Solution Page General Tab

Simulator Options:


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Simulator Options:

Power Flow Solution Page General Tab

Assumed MVA Per Unit Base MVA base used for the entire case

Default is 100 MVA

Monitor/Enforce Contingent Interface Elements Determine when the impact of contingent interfaceelements should be calculated

Bus Loss Sensitivity Function

Discussed when we go over sensitivities in theSensitivity Training section

Simulator Options:


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Simulator Options:

Power Flow Solution Page Storage Tab

l d fi d


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Islands - Defined

Often times power system consists of a single

interconnected system operating in synchronism However sometimes multiple systems exist that are

either unconnected, or connected only through DCtransmission lines.

Such systems operate asynchronous with one anotherand are called Islands.

Each island must have a slack bus. Check Allow

Multiple Islands.

M l i l I l d i Si l


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Multiple Islands in Simulator

Go to the Options ribbon tab

Simulator Options

Power Flow Solution Advanced Options tab Check Dynamically add/remove slack buses as topologyis changed

On the B7FLAT case the slack bus is 7.

To create two islands, open lines 2-6 and 5-7.

If new island does not have a slack, Simulatorautomatically chooses largest generator

Repeat with Dynamically add/removeunchecked

C i h M l i l I l d


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Case with Multiple Islands

Simulator

has auto-

matically

chosenbus 2 as the

slack.

Open tie-lines

Simulatoris modeling

the two

systems

as beingcompletely

independent

I l d R d Di l


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Island Records Display

Model Explorer AggregationsIsland Records shows

information about each island in

the case, including its slack bus.

It is not uncommon to

have multiple islands.Often cases in the

Eastern United States

have Five Islands

Simulator Options:


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p

Environment PageCan have

Blackout

appear ifcase does not

converge

Memory limit

for Oneline

Undo feature

Simulator Options:


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p

Oneline Page

Display

only; no

simulation

Shows hints

when cursorover element

Name of main oneline file

for CURRENT case

Non-US

style XFR

symbols

Name of default oneline

file to open for ALL cases

Solution

method

when

animating


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Contingency Analysis


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Contingency Analysis

Power systems are operated so that overloads donot occur either in real-time or under anystatistically likely contingency.

This is often called maintaining system security

Simulator is equipped with tools for analyzing

contingencies in an automatic fashion Contingencies can consist of several actions or

elements

Simple Example: outage of a single transmission line Complex: outage of a several lines, a number of

generators, and the closure of a normally opentransmission line

Contingency elements allowed in


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g y

PowerWorld Simulator Contingency Elements allowed in Simulator

Opening/Closing of transmission lines and transformers

Loss or Recovery of a generator, load, or switched shunt

Movement of generation, load, injection group, or switched shuntMWs or Mvars.

Changing or Setting of generation, load, injection group, or switchedshunt MWs or Mvars

Changing or Setting of generator or switched shunt voltage setpoint

Opening of all lines connected to a bus Opening/Closing of all lines or transformers in an interface

Open/Close, Set/Change injection group values

Bypass/Inservice, Set impedance of series capacitors

Changing or Setting of phase-shifter setpoint

Open/Close 3-winding transformer Open/Close DC lines, Set/Change DC line setpoints

Solve Power Flow

specificationmake-up

power also

allowed

Note: Conditional Elements which only occur if a particular condition

is met are also allowed. These will be covered at the end of this section.


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Inserting a Contingency Definition


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Inserting a Contingency Definition

To insert a contingency

On the Case InformationToolbar, choose

Records > Insert

Right-click to bring upthe local menu and

choose Insert

This opens the dialog tothe right.

Auto Insertion of Contingencies


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Auto Insertion of Contingencies

To automatically insert a set of

contingencies. This is available fromOn the Case Information Toolbar, chooseRecords > Auto Insert Contingencies

Right-click to bring up the local menu andchoose Insert Special > Auto InsertContingencies

Click on the Auto Insert Button at the bottom of

the Contingency Analysis Dialog

The Auto Insert Dialog is shown on thefollowing slide.

Auto-Insertion of


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Contingencies Dialog

Choose

types toinclude

Select to include

only elements in

chosen areas

Specify how to create

automatic names for the

new contingencies

Apply Advanced

Filters for branches,

generators, or buses

Include only elements

that are near a

particular bus

Contingency Analysis Dialog


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with Contingencies Defined

List of

contingencies

now defined

A Description of the

selected contingency

appears in the Contingency

Definition Section

Click X to

hide the

Definition

Section

Click to save the contingencies to file

Click to process the contingencies

Contingency Definition Dialog


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Contingency Definition Dialog

To open the Contingency Definition dialog, right-click on

one of the contingencies and choose Show Dialog.

List of

contingency

elements

Click to specify power

flow solution options for

this contingency

Right-click and chooseInsert to add a new

Element (or click Insert

New Element)

Contingency Element Dialog


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Contingency Element Dialog

To open, right-click on the Contingency DefinitionDialog and choose Insert or Show Dialog

Choose

element

type

Choose

action

type

Choose the

Element

Choose the

action

parameters

Add a comment

which will be

saved with

Auxiliary Files

Options Tab:


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Modeling

Options Tab:


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Modeling Calculation Method

Full Power Flow

Linearized Lossless DC similar to theDC Power Flow, but this is linearized around

present operating point

Linearized Lossless DC with Phase Shifters

Limit Monitoring Settings Click this button to open the Limit Monitoring Settings dialog

For Linearized DC methods, allow amp limits by assuminga constant voltage magnitude

The net effect is that line operating at higher than 1.0 per unitvoltage can carry more power

Treat Line as Equivalent Amps option must also be selected withLimit Monitoring Settings

Options Tab:


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Modeling Retry Solution using the Robust Solution Process

after a contingency failure

Attempts to solve the power flow in a series of stepsthat involves turning on controls one type of control ata time

Do Not Use Post Power Flow Solution Action List

Globally defined list set with the power flow solutionoptions and performed after every ac power flowsolution

Actions may interfere with contingency results if they

alleviate loadings caused by contingencies, thusmasking the impact of a contingency

Options Tab:


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Describe which areas make up for a change

in the MW generation or load in the system. Normally done use some sort of

participation from the areas or generation

in the caseTypically power systems control schemes like

AGC (or Economic Dispatch), do not respond

quickly enough to remove an overload after acontingency. AGC acts on the 15 minute to 1

hour time frame (not tens of seconds)

Modeling Make-up Power

Options Tab:


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Modeling Make-up Power Area Participation Factors specified below

Each area is weighted according to the factors

specified. The total weight for the area is then spreadacross all the area generation according to generatorparticipation factors.

The power flow is then solved using Island-Based AGC

Generator Participation Factors from the EntireCase Directly Generators are weighted by their participation factors

The power flow is then solved using Island-Based AGC

Same as the Power Flow case Just uses the settings for the normal power flow area

interchange

Options Tab:


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Modeling Define Contingency Solution Options

Allows you to specify different power flow solution

options for solving the post-contingency power flow.

This gives 3 levels of power flow solution options

When Simulator executes a particular contingency, itwill look at options in the precedent defined by the

order above. First it looks to contingency-specific. If an option is

marked use default, it will look at the ContingencyAnalysis Tool Options, etc

1. Contingency Specific Options (Contingency Definition Dialog)

2. Contingency Analysis Tool (Contingency Analysis Options Tab)3. General Power Flow Options

Other > Button


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Remaining Actions Delete All Contingencies

Deletes all the presently defined contingencies

Clear All Contingency Results Clears all the results of the presently defined contingencies, but

leaves the definitions

Set As Reference Sets whatever the present power system state is as the reference

state for Contingency Analysis

Restore Reference Restores the system to the reference state

Auto-fill Blank Contingency Element Comments

covered later Sensitivity Calculations covered in a later section

Calculate OTDFs using existing PTDFs

Filter out violations using OTDFs

Running Contingency Analysis


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g g y y

Run every contingency in the list On the Case Information Toolbar, click Records > Run

Contingency Analysis (also on right-click local menu) Press Start Run on Contingencies tab

Click Start on Summary tab

On Case Info Toolbar, under Records > there are

several other options Solve selected contingency

Note: the system will remain in the post-contingency state aftersolving the contingency

Then when you go to solve another contingency, the referencecase will be reinstated prior to solving

Solve and Set as Reference Same as Solve Selected, but after completing solution, then the

post-contingency state will be saved as a new reference case

Fault Analysis


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Analysis of power system parameters

resulting from a ground or line to line faultsomewhere in the system

Simulator contains a tool for analyzing

faults in an automatic fashion

Can perform single and three phase faults

Fault Analysis


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y

Fault types include:

Single line to groundLine to line

Double line to ground

Three phase balanced The general fault analysis tool can be

accessed in run mode by: Tools ribbon tab

Fault Analysis

Setting the Fault Location


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Information about the fault location can be filled in

manually

Alternatively, you can right-click on a bus or transmission

line on the oneline diagram, and select Fault from the

menu to have the fault location fields automatically set

Selecting Fault for a bus will set the bus number field Selecting Fault for a transmission line will set the from and to

bus numbers, the circuit identifier, and the approximate line

location as a percentage of the length of the line

Any of these fields can still be changed manually

Select Type of Fault


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Determines which calculations to perform

Line to ground: assumes phase A to ground

Line to line: assumes phase B to phase C

Line to line to ground: assumes phase B to phase C to

ground

Three phase balanced

A non-zero impedance to ground can be defined on

the options tab, default is 0 (except for line to line)

Fault Dialog: Data


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Deviceslisted here

depend on

bus or in-

line fault

Set type of

fault

Results of analysis are displayed

in the grids on these five pages

Current through

the fault

Sequence Data for Fault Analysis


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By default, sequence data for fault analysis is notstored with load flow data

Sequence data can be loaded from the Optionspage

PowerWorld Auxiliary file (*.aux)

PTI Sequence Data file (*.seq) Sequence data can similarly be saved to the same

types of external files; however, Simulator will

store sequence data with the load flow case(*.pwb) if you save the case after loading thesequence data



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Sequence data is required for various

devices:Generators

Internal sequence impedances

Neutral to ground impedanceTransmission Lines

Zero sequence impedance

Zero sequence line shunt admittance



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Transformers

Zero sequence impedance and line shunt admittance

Phase shifts, entered as Phase in the load flow data

Transformer grounding configuration, as acombination of Wye, Grounded Wye, and Deltaconnections

Loads

Negative and zero sequence load, as an admittance

Set on a bus-basis, with admittance given is total

admittance for all loads at that bus



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Transmission line mutual impedance

Zero sequence mutual impedance between partor all of two transmission lines

Displayed on Options tab

Fault data for all devices (except mutualimpedances) can be entered on the

Information Dialogs

Fault Analysis: Options


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Impedance to

ground at the faultLoad and save sequence data

as a text file

Mutualimpedance

records

Date post:	02-Jun-2018
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