PP 979-991

Breakdown of food into simpler molecules that can be absorbed by the body in one long tube from mouth to anus

6 classes of nutrients:1. carbohydrates2. fats3. proteins

6 classes of nutrients:1. carbohydrates2. fats3. proteins4. minerals: help balance osmosis and

the function of certain cells (i.e muscle and nerve cell)

6 classes of nutrients:1. carbohydrates2. fats3. proteins4. minerals: help balance osmosis and

the function of certain cells (i.e muscle and nerve cell)

5. vitamins: aid enzyme activity6. water: most chemical reactions can

only occur in water (accounts for half of your body weight)

Mechanical: physical breakdown of food Chewing, peristalsis

(moving bolus down the esophagus), and stomach churning

Chemical Digestion: Enzymes breaking down food into simpler forms (monomers)

Amylase (enzyme) is released from glands into saliva Breaks down carbs to

monosaccharides

Amylase (enzyme) is released from glands into saliva Breaks down carbs to

monosaccharides

Bolus (food ball) travels down esophagus to stomach

Muscle contractions break bolus apart (mechanical digestion)

Muscle contractions break bolus apart (mechanical digestion)

Pepsin (enzyme) breaks down proteins into amino acids Released by gastric glands

Muscle contractions break bolus apart (mechanical digestion)

Pepsin (enzyme) breaks down proteins into amino acids Released by gastric glands

HCl keeps stomach acidic so the pepsin can work

Secretes sodium bicarbonate (base) into small intestine to neutralize acid.

Produces bile and stores it in the gall bladder

Stores bile and secretes it into the small intestine Breaks down fats into fatty acids

Chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

Chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

Villi: Folds in lining of small intestines Increases surface

area for maximum absorption.

Absorption of water, minerals, and vitamins

Salivary glands

StomachLiver

PancreasGall bladder

Small intestine Large intestine/colon

Esophagus