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How Science challenges
SocietyIs progress always good?
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The BasicArgument
Look at these two pairs of
pictures
How is progress shown
between them?
What are the disadvantages of
this?
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The Basic
Argument
Look at these two pairs of
pictures
How is progress shown
between them?What are the
disadvantages of this?
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Debate
We are going to look at 3 areas and discuss
if progress is always positive.
Glossary
Nuclear Fusion
Nuclear Fission
Genetic Modification
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Key Definitions: Nuclear Fusion
1. The division of the nucleiofisotopesof certain heavyelements, such as uranium andplutonium, effected bybombardment with neutrons.
2. Nuclear fission causes the releaseof energy, additional neutrons, andan enormous quantity of heat.Nuclear fission is used in nuclear
power plants and nuclearweapons.
3. A by product of nuclear fission istoxic radioactive waste. Used to
create the atomic bomb
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Key Definitions: Nuclear Fission
1. The combination of the nucleiof certain extremelylight elements, especially hydrogen, effected by theapplication of high temperature and pressure.
2. Nuclear fusion causes the release of an enormousamount of heat energy, comparable to that releasedby nuclear fission. The principal by product ofnuclear fusion is helium.
3. 6. Used in creating the more powerful hydrogenbomb
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSi-zSeS0_Y
Mk- 17 Hydrogen bomb 1954- 1957
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSi-zSeS0_Yhttp://www.picsearch.com/info.cgi?q=key&id=Nb2SPgUXQHMp8R4XPiu8rC9pH0FjA4yHHXOzTAjoouo&start=21&opt=&cols=4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSi-zSeS0_Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSi-zSeS0_Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSi-zSeS0_Y7/31/2019 PP1 - How Sciences Challenges Society
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Advantages of nuclear energy
1. Almost zero emissions (very low greenhouse gas emissions).
2. They can be sited almost anywhere unlike oil which is mostly imported.
3. The plants almost never experience problems if not from human error, which almost
never happens anyway because the plant only needs a small group to operate it.
4. A small amount of matter creates a large amount of energy.
5. A lot of energy is generated from a single power plant.
6. Current nuclear waste in the US is over 90% Uranium. If reprocessing were madelegal again in the US we would have enough nuclear material to last hundreds of
years.
7. A truckload of Uranium is equivalent in energy to 10,000+ truckloads of coal.
(Assuming the Uranium is fully utilized.)
8. A nuclear aircraft carrier can circle the globe continuously for 30 years on its original
fuel while a diesel fuelled carrier has a range of only about 3000 miles before havingto refuel.
9. Modern reactors have two to ten times more efficiency than the old generation
reactors currently in use around the US.
10. New reactor types have been designed to make it physically impossible to melt down.
As the core gets hotter the reaction gets slower, hence a run-away reaction leading to
a melt-down is not possible. .
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Disadvantages of nuclear energy
Nuclear plants are more expensive to build and maintain.
1. Proliferation concerns - breeder reactors yield products that could potentially bestolen and turned into an atomic weapon.
2. Waste products are dangerous and need to be carefully stored for long periods of
time. The spent fuel is highly radioactive and has to be carefully stored for many
years or decades after use. This adds to the costs. There is presently no adequate
safe long-term storage for radioactive and chemical waste produced from early
reactors, such as those in Hanford, Washington, some of which will need to be safely
sealed and stored forthousandsof years.
3. Early nuclear research and experimentation has created massive contamination
problems that are still uncontained.
4. A lot of waste from early reactors was stored in containers meant for only a few
decades, but is well past expiration resulting in leaks are furthering contamination.
5. Nuclear power plants can be dangerous to its surroundings and employees. It would
cost a lot to clean in case of spillages.
6. Mishaps at nuclear plants can render hundreds of square miles of land uninhabitable
and unsuitable for any use for years, decades or longer, and kill off entire river
systems
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=im8AAm9
mz2o&feature=related
Nuclear fuel production can go wrong
though. Watch the you tube clip above
which looks at problems in Japan.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=im8AAm9mz2o&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=im8AAm9mz2o&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=im8AAm9mz2o&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=im8AAm9mz2o&feature=related7/31/2019 PP1 - How Sciences Challenges Society
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The Manhattan Project
example of the use of
nuclear power
Was undertaken by the Americangovernment during World War 2.
The first atom bombs were droppedon the Japanese cities of Hiroshimaand Nagasaki in 1945 which ended
the war. Also it has been used to create
power stations
Look at the statements on the following
slide and decide what are the
advantages and disadvantages of thediscovery of nuclear fusion
The clip below details the Manhattanproject
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhSKqzwwypQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhSKqzwwypQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhSKqzwwypQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhSKqzwwypQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhSKqzwwypQhttp://www.picsearch.com/info.cgi?q=radioactive&id=Y1TLW5r2yeUqkYY2xRcYjLcwTBFp8eSF5NOIdfFsZGw&opt=&cols=47/31/2019 PP1 - How Sciences Challenges Society
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1. Having Nuclear weapons makes a country moresecure as stops other countries from attacking
2. Nuclear Fission could provide even more energy forsociety.
3. It is not a cheap way of making electricity as itproduces waste that is dangerous and difficult tostore.
4. It can makes countries more secure as they do nothave to rely on unstable oil producing countries.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gjqxegu2n8k
Atomic Bombs of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki 1945
The consequences of scientificdiscoveries can be unintended and harmful.
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Key Definitions:A genetically modified organism (GMO)
1. Genetically engineered organism (GEO) is anorganism whose genetic material has beenaltered using genetic engineering techniques.
2. These techniques are generally known asrecombinant DNA technology. With thistechnology, DNA molecules from differentsources are combined into one molecule tocreate a new set ofgenes.
3. This DNA is then transferred into anorganism, giving it modified or novel traits.
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Great Debate
Developments in geneticswill lead to a
Frankenstein future for
mankind! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
kefoIXnLAN0
Dolly the sheep
CSI: NY -- Human Ears on Mice
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kefoIXnLAN0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kefoIXnLAN0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoEWYJHf0kUhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://i84.photobucket.com/albums/k11/nicole_sunday/GMOCORN.jpg&imgrefurl=http://blogs.takepart.com/tag/genetically-modified-food/&h=354&w=354&sz=27&hl=en&start=39&um=1&usg=__K6G6YliSAMU23W8owps16H-kOGA=&tbnid=duhFvkvygDL5lM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=121&prev=/images?q=genetically+modified+crops&start=21&ndsp=21&um=1&hl=en&safe=off&rls=GGLG,GGLG:2005-45,GGLG:en&sa=Nhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.freakingnews.com/pictures/25500/Two-Headed-Sheep--25903.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.freakingnews.com/Two-Headed-Animals-Pictures--1282.asp&h=700&w=500&sz=82&hl=en&start=13&um=1&usg=__ul48oGOcZnPNN2f-uh00GLyYHfA=&tbnid=Tn1jY7d6B4-c6M:&tbnh=140&tbnw=100&prev=/images?q=sheep+with+two+heads&um=1&hl=en&safe=off&rls=GGLG,GGLG:2005-45,GGLG:en&sa=Nhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://nalts.files.wordpress.com/2006/07/frankenstein.jpg&imgrefurl=http://nalts.wordpress.com/2006/07/page/2/&h=1024&w=816&sz=93&hl=en&start=2&um=1&usg=__KK72fYtUO8lXhazkv2mVZoWAsXg=&tbnid=hiNBEibj0gky2M:&tbnh=150&tbnw=120&prev=/images?q=Frankenstein&um=1&hl=en&safe=off&rls=GGLG,GGLG:2005-45,GGLG:en&sa=Nhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoEWYJHf0kUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kefoIXnLAN0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kefoIXnLAN07/31/2019 PP1 - How Sciences Challenges Society
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Key Points
Scientific discoveriescan lead to hugeprogress
The consequences of
these discoveries canbe unintended andharmful.
This leads to a debate
as to whether humansshould always seek todiscover morescientific knowledge
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The Key Debate: As a class
discuss the following questions Should human beings
have popularised thediscovery of nuclearfusion?
Should they be pursuingnuclear fission?
How is this debate
similar to Geneticsandgenetic modification?
Should we modify cells?
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