PPT 8.2.1

Networks, Network operating Networks, Network operating systemssystems

PPT 8.2.2

Networking - BasicsNetworking - Basics

Network definedNetwork defined The difference between Standalone The difference between Standalone

and networked Systemsand networked Systems Advantages of networkingAdvantages of networking Disadvantages of networkingDisadvantages of networking Why use networkWhy use network

To share informationTo share information To Share hardware and softwareTo Share hardware and software Centralizing administration Centralizing administration

PPT 8.2.3

Types of networksTypes of networks

Classification based on Classification based on geographical areageographical area LANLAN WANWAN

PPT 8.2.4

Local Area NetworksLocal Area Networks

Limited geographic areaLimited geographic area High speed and error free data High speed and error free data

transmissiontransmission Not expensiveNot expensive

PPT 8.2.5

Wide Area NetworksWide Area Networks

Connects computers over Connects computers over states, countries etc.,states, countries etc.,

Unlimited geographical Unlimited geographical coveragecoverage

More sophisticatedMore sophisticated Connects LANs and MANsConnects LANs and MANs Expensive technologyExpensive technology

PPT 8.2.6

Network configurationNetwork configuration

Classification based on how Classification based on how computers behave in a computers behave in a networknetwork

Two classifications areTwo classifications are Peer-to-Peer networkPeer-to-Peer network Server based networkServer based network

PPT 8.2.7

Peer-to-Peer networkPeer-to-Peer network

Nodes provide and request Nodes provide and request servicesservices

User in each node administers User in each node administers resourcesresources

No extra investmentNo extra investment Easy to setupEasy to setup Very weak securityVery weak security Additional load on nodesAdditional load on nodes

PPT 8.2.8

Server based networkServer based network

Designated computer to Designated computer to administeradminister

Resources centralizedResources centralized Supports larger networksSupports larger networks Strong securityStrong security ExpensiveExpensive

PPT 8.2.9

Network hardwareNetwork hardware

HubHub CablesCables ConnectorsConnectors SwitchesSwitches RoutersRouters

PPT 8.2.10

HubHub

Standard component in Standard component in networknetwork

TypesTypes Active, PassiveActive, Passive ManageableManageable

Easier administrationEasier administration Centralized monitoring of Centralized monitoring of

networknetwork

PPT 8.2.11

CablesCables

Wires the LAN, usuallyWires the LAN, usually Transmit signals through networkTransmit signals through network Different cable considerations Different cable considerations

according to needaccording to need TypesTypes

Co-axialCo-axial Twisted PairTwisted Pair Fiber-opticFiber-optic

PPT 8.2.12

Co-axial cableCo-axial cable

Most trusted in Most trusted in earlier networksearlier networks

Carries data as Carries data as electromagnetic electromagnetic signalssignals

Good resistance Good resistance against against interferenceinterference

PPT 8.2.13

Twisted pairTwisted pair

Pair of insulated Pair of insulated copper wirescopper wires

TypesTypes Shielded(STP)Shielded(STP) Unshielded(UTP)Unshielded(UTP)

UTP common in LANUTP common in LAN Max. cable length – Max. cable length –

100 meters100 meters

PPT 8.2.14

Fiber optic cablesFiber optic cables

Core – cylinder of glassCore – cylinder of glass Not subject to Not subject to

interferenceinterference Transfer rate – more Transfer rate – more

than 100 mbpsthan 100 mbps ExpensiveExpensive

PPT 8.2.15

Connectors for UTPConnectors for UTP

RJ – 11 and RJ – 45RJ – 11 and RJ – 45 RJ11 in telephone RJ11 in telephone

cables – 4 cable cables – 4 cable connectionsconnections

RJ45 in LAN cables RJ45 in LAN cables – 8 cable – 8 cable connectionsconnections

PPT 8.2.16

Network adapter cardNetwork adapter card

Prepares data from Prepares data from computer for computer for network and sendsnetwork and sends

Receives data from Receives data from network and network and translates for translates for computercomputer

PPT 8.2.17

Using IP address Using IP address

Two methodsTwo methods Static addressingStatic addressing Using DHCPUsing DHCP

Two componentsTwo components Network IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID

3 classes3 classes Class A networksClass A networks Class B networksClass B networks Class C networksClass C networks

PPT 8.2.18

Network troubleshootingNetwork troubleshooting

In case of problemsIn case of problems Check Physical connection firstCheck Physical connection first Check power supply in the hubCheck power supply in the hub Check sample packet transferCheck sample packet transfer Check configurationCheck configuration

PPT 8.2.19

Network operating systemsNetwork operating systems

Co-ordinates hardware and Co-ordinates hardware and softwaresoftware

Ties together all computers Ties together all computers and peripheralsand peripherals

Provides security by Provides security by controlling access to resources controlling access to resources and peripherals sharedand peripherals shared

Manages users Manages users

PPT 8.2.20

Network operating systems Network operating systems availableavailable

Windows NTWindows NT Windows 2000 & Windows Windows 2000 & Windows

Server 2003Server 2003 Netware from NovellNetware from Novell UnixUnix Apple MacintoshApple Macintosh

PPT 8.2.21

SharesShares

Sharing allows access to resources Sharing allows access to resources over networkover network

Folders and devices are directly Folders and devices are directly shared; not files or programsshared; not files or programs

Permissions for access can be Permissions for access can be assigned to users and groupsassigned to users and groups

Level of permission can be variedLevel of permission can be varied

PPT 8.2.22

User accountsUser accounts

Local User AccountsLocal User AccountsLocal User AccountsLocal User Accounts

Enable users to log on and access resources on a specific computer

Enable users to log on and access resources on a specific computer

Domain User AccountsDomain User AccountsDomain User AccountsDomain User Accounts

Enable users to log on to the domain to gain access to network resources

Reside in Active Directory

Enable users to log on to the domain to gain access to network resources

Reside in Active Directory

Enable users to perform administrative tasks or gain temporary access to network resources

Reside in SAM (local built-in user accounts) Reside in Active Directory (domain built-in user accounts)

Enable users to perform administrative tasks or gain temporary access to network resources

Reside in SAM (local built-in user accounts) Reside in Active Directory (domain built-in user accounts)

Built-in User AccountsBuilt-in User AccountsBuilt-in User AccountsBuilt-in User Accounts

PPT 8.2.23

User Access issuesUser Access issues

Domain LogonDomain Logon Access verificationAccess verification Grant/deny accessGrant/deny access

PPT 8.2.24

Password SecurityPassword Security

Do not allow blank passwordsDo not allow blank passwords Assign a Password for the Administrator Assign a Password for the Administrator

AccountAccount Determine Who Has Control over Determine Who Has Control over

PasswordsPasswords Educate Users on How to Use PasswordsEducate Users on How to Use Passwords

Avoid obvious associations, such as a family nameAvoid obvious associations, such as a family name Use long passwordsUse long passwords Use a combination of uppercase and lowercase Use a combination of uppercase and lowercase

characterscharacters

PPT 8.2.25

Installing network printerInstalling network printer

InvolvesInvolves Installing the printerInstalling the printer ConfiguringConfiguring SharingSharing AdministeringAdministering

This completes the unitThis completes the unit

Thank youThank you