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INTRODUCTION

India is a constitutional democracy with a parliamentary system of government, and at the heart of the system is a commitment to hold regular, free and fair elections.

These elections determine the composition of the government, the membership of the two houses of parliament, the state and union territory legislative assemblies, and the Presidency and vice-presidency.

Indian Elections -Scale of Operation.

Elections refer to choosing of a Leader in India involving political mobilization and organizational complexity.

The direct cost of organizing the election of 1996 was approximately Rs.5,180 million.

Constituencies & Reservation of Seats. The country has been divided into 543

Parliamentary Constituencies. The size of the constituencies are determined

to create constituencies which have roughly same population.

How Constituency Boundaries drawn up?Delimitation is the redrawing of the

boundaries of constituencies .Boundaries are examined after ten-yearly

census to reflect changes in population, for which Parliament by law establishes IDC.

ParliamentThe Parliament consists of President, the Lok

Sabha and the Rajya Sabha . Although the government is headed by PM,

the Cabinet is the central decision making body of the government.

Other parties can also govern along with the governing party if they have the confidence vote.

Reservation of Seats

The Constitution puts a limit on the size of the Lok Sabha of 550 elected members.

There are also provisions to ensure the representation of SC’s and ST’s with reserved constituencies.

Rajya Sabha - The Council of States The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected indirectly.

The number of members per each state is in proportion to their population.

At present there are 233 members in the Rajya Sabha .

State Assemblies

The Vidhan Sabha is set up to carry out the administration.

Delhi and Pondcherry , also have legislative assemblies .

Elections to the Vidhan Sabhas are carried out in the same manner as for the Lok Sabha.

President

The President is elected by the elected members of the Vidhan, Lok and Rajya Sabhas.

A formula is used to allocate votes. President is elected by a direct vote of all members elected and nominated, of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.

Independent Election Commission An independent Election Commission has been

established to carry out and regulate the holding of elections in India.

The Election Commission is responsible for the conduct of elections.

It maintains the Electoral Roll, supervises the nomination of candidates etc.

The Electoral Roll

The electoral roll is a list of all people in the constituency who are registered to vote in Indian Elections.

Only those people with their names on the electoral roll are allowed to vote.

The electoral roll is normally revised every year to add the names of those who are to turn 18.

When do elections take place?Elections for the Lok Sabha and every State Legislative Assembly take place every 5years.

The President can call a general election before period is up.

Holding of regular elections can only be stopped by extraordinary circumstances.

Campaign

The campaign is the period when the political parties put forward their candidates and arguments.

Validly nominated candidates can withdraw within two days .

The official campaign lasts at least two weeks from the drawing up of the list of nominated candidates.

Personal appeals are made by candidates to influence the citizens.

Ballot Papers & Symbols

After nomination of candidates is complete, a list of competing candidates is prepared by the Returning Officer, and ballot papers are printed.

Ballot papers are printed with names of the candidates and symbols of the candidates.

How the voting takes place?Voting is by secret ballot. On entering the polling station, the elector is checked against the Electoral Roll, and allocated a ballot paper.

The elector votes by marking the ballot paper with a rubber stamp on inside a screened compartment in the polling station.

Evm machine

Political Parties and ElectionsPolitical parties are an established part of modern mass democracy.

Parties offer candidates organizational support, offer a broader election campaign, looking at the record of government and putting forward alternative proposals for government.

Counting of VotesAfter the polling has finished, the votes are

counted under the supervision of the Election Commission.

After the counting of votes is over, the candidate with highest votes is declared the winner, and as having been returned by the constituency to the concerned house.

MADE BYAdityaBala subramanyam AmanSanthoshiSamyukthaAbhignya