AAPRESENTATIONPRESENTATION

ON ON DAMODAR VALLEY DAMODAR VALLEY

CORPORATIONCORPORATION

PRESENTED BY:PRESENTED BY:ANUJ KUMAR SINGHANUJ KUMAR SINGH

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Introduction of Damodar Valley Introduction of Damodar Valley Corporation(DVC)Corporation(DVC)

•DVDVCC

11stst ever multipurpose river valley ever multipurpose river valley project of the independent government project of the independent government of India which came into being on July of India which came into being on July 7, 19487, 1948

DVC has been generating, transmitting DVC has been generating, transmitting and distributing electrical energy since and distributing electrical energy since 1953.1953.

DVC facilitated irrigation as well as DVC facilitated irrigation as well as industrial and domestic water supplyindustrial and domestic water supply

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Corporate MissionCorporate Mission

FLOOD CONTROL.FLOOD CONTROL.GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND

DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY.ENERGY.

WATER SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLY FOR INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC USE.AND DOMESTIC USE.

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DVC INFRASTRUCTURE AT A GLANCEDVC INFRASTRUCTURE AT A GLANCE

DVC COMMAND AREA POWER MANAGEMENT

24,235 sq.kms

TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY 2796.5 MW

THERMAL POWE R STATION FOUR

THERMAL CAPACITY 2570 MW

HYDEL POWER STATION THREE

HYDEL CAPACITY 147.2 MW

GAS TURBINE STATIOIN ONECAPACITY: 82.5 MW

SUB-STATION At 220 KV-11At 220 KV-33

TRANSMISSION LINES At 220 KV-1342 Ckt.KmsAt 132 KV-3419 Ckt.Kms 44

Vary Small Aperture Vary Small Aperture Terminal(VSAT)Terminal(VSAT)

VSAT networks provides:VSAT networks provides:

• Reliability in transmission of data (data, voice, video)Reliability in transmission of data (data, voice, video)

• Allocation of resources to different users (bandwidth, Allocation of resources to different users (bandwidth,

amplification power) amplification power)

• Provide point-to-multipoint (broadcast), multipoint-to-Provide point-to-multipoint (broadcast), multipoint-to-

point (data collection), point-to-point communications point (data collection), point-to-point communications

and broadband multimedia services. and broadband multimedia services.

• An ability to have direct access to users and user An ability to have direct access to users and user

premises.premises.

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VSAT SpecificationVSAT SpecificationAntenna diameter : 0.6m – 3.8m Antenna diameter : 0.6m – 3.8m Traffic CapacityTraffic Capacity : 9.6Kbps – 2Mbps: 9.6Kbps – 2MbpsFrequency Bands : C-band (4-6Ghz), Frequency Bands : C-band (4-6Ghz),

Ku-Band (12-14Ghz), Ku-Band (12-14Ghz), Ka-Band (20-30Ghz)Ka-Band (20-30Ghz)

Use of satelliteUse of satellite : Geo-stationary satellite : Geo-stationary satellite (36,000km above equator)(36,000km above equator)

NetworkNetwork : Point-to-point: Point-to-pointConfigurationConfiguration : Point-to-multipoint: Point-to-multipointEquipment ListEquipment List : :

– Antenna;Antenna;– Outdoor Unit (High Power Amplifier (HPA), Low Noise Outdoor Unit (High Power Amplifier (HPA), Low Noise

Amplifier (LNA), Solid-State Power Amplifier (SSPA))Amplifier (LNA), Solid-State Power Amplifier (SSPA))– Indoor Unit (chassis) Indoor Unit (chassis)

Note :Note :• Antenna size is used to describe the ability of the antenna to Antenna size is used to describe the ability of the antenna to amplify the signal strength;amplify the signal strength;

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VSAT ServicesVSAT Services• Interactive real time application:Interactive real time application:

– Point of Sale/retail/Banking (eg. ATM)Point of Sale/retail/Banking (eg. ATM)– Corporate dataCorporate data

• TelephonyTelephony– Rural : individual subscribersRural : individual subscribers– Corporate TelephonyCorporate Telephony

• Intranet, Internet and IP infrastructureIntranet, Internet and IP infrastructure– Multimedia delivery (eg. video streaming)Multimedia delivery (eg. video streaming)– Interactive distance learning/ trainingInteractive distance learning/ training

• Direct-to-homeDirect-to-home– Broadband Internet access for consumers and Broadband Internet access for consumers and

businessesbusinesses77

VSAT Accessing SchemeVSAT Accessing Scheme

The objective of VSAT networks:The objective of VSAT networks: - - is to maximize the use of common is to maximize the use of common

satellite and other resources satellite and other resources amongst all VSAT sites. amongst all VSAT sites.

The method:The method:- by optimizing the use of satellite by optimizing the use of satellite

capacity, and spectrum utilization in capacity, and spectrum utilization in a flexible and cost-effective manner.a flexible and cost-effective manner.

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VSAT Characteristic and VSAT Characteristic and AdvantageAdvantage• ReliabilityReliability: Reliable satellite : Reliable satellite

transmission of data, voice and video transmission of data, voice and video between an unlimited number of between an unlimited number of geographically dispersed sites or from geographically dispersed sites or from these sites to headquarters these sites to headquarters

• FlexibilityFlexibility: The VSAT networks offer : The VSAT networks offer enormous expansion capabilities; On enormous expansion capabilities; On the other hand, VSATs offer unrestricted the other hand, VSATs offer unrestricted and unlimited reach. Additional VSATs and unlimited reach. Additional VSATs can be rapidly installed to support the can be rapidly installed to support the network expansion to any site, no network expansion to any site, no matter however remote.matter however remote.

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• Network ManagementNetwork Management: Network : Network monitoring and control of the entire monitoring and control of the entire VSAT network is much simpler than a VSAT network is much simpler than a network of leased lines, easily network of leased lines, easily integrates end-to-end monitoring and integrates end-to-end monitoring and configuration control for all network configuration control for all network subsystems.subsystems.

• A low mean-time to repairA low mean-time to repair - few hours, - few hours, compare to leased lines which extends compare to leased lines which extends up to a few days. Essentially, lesser up to a few days. Essentially, lesser elements imply lower MTTR. Uptime of elements imply lower MTTR. Uptime of up to 99.5 percent is achievable on a up to 99.5 percent is achievable on a VSAT network. This is significantly VSAT network. This is significantly higher than the typical leased line higher than the typical leased line uptime of approximately 80-85%.uptime of approximately 80-85%. 1010

• CostCost: VSAT network offers significant : VSAT network offers significant savings over 2-3 years timeframe. The savings over 2-3 years timeframe. The service charges depend on the service charges depend on the bandwidth which is allocated to the bandwidth which is allocated to the network in line with customer network in line with customer requirements. requirements.

• Link BudgetsLink Budgets: RF equipment would cater : RF equipment would cater to the requirements of the network to the requirements of the network topology and satellite modems in use. topology and satellite modems in use. The link Budget estimates the ground The link Budget estimates the ground station and satellite EIRP (station and satellite EIRP (Effective Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) Isotropic Radiated Power) required. required. Calculations of signal levels through the Calculations of signal levels through the system to ensure the quality of service system to ensure the quality of service should normally be done, prior to the should normally be done, prior to the establishment of a satellite link. establishment of a satellite link.

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Opportunities in VSAT Opportunities in VSAT technologytechnology• Voice over IP (VoIP) via satelliteVoice over IP (VoIP) via satellite

• Frame Relay via satelliteFrame Relay via satellite

• ATM via satelliteATM via satellite

• Video-on-demand via satelliteVideo-on-demand via satellite

• Multimedia applicationMultimedia application– Internet/e-mail connectionInternet/e-mail connection– TelemedicineTelemedicine– Distance learningDistance learning

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SatelliteSatellite CommunicationCommunicationis a technology of data transmission whether one-way

data

broadcasting or two-way interactive using frequency

as a medium.

Consist of :

Space Segment or Satellite ( eg. Measat, Intelsat,

Inmarsat )

Ground Segment or earth station which includes

Antenna, Outdoor Unit, Inter Facility Link, Indoor

Unit and Customer Premises Equipmen. 1313

Satellite Communication Satellite Communication ConceptConcept

Note :Note :HPA – High Power Amplifier (Earth station equipment that amplifies the HPA – High Power Amplifier (Earth station equipment that amplifies the transmit RF signal. ), PSTN-(Publictransmit RF signal. ), PSTN-(Public Switched Telephone Network ).).CPE – Customer Premises Equipment ( eg. Telephone, PABX, Ethernet CPE – Customer Premises Equipment ( eg. Telephone, PABX, Ethernet Hub, Host Server, etc.)Hub, Host Server, etc.)

Transmitting Earth

Station

Receiving Earth

Station

Uplink 6 GHz

Downlink 4 GHzHPA

Up Converter

Satellite Modem

CPE PSTN

LNA

Down Converter

Satellite Modem

CPE PSTN

C Band – 4-6GHzKu Band -12-14GHzKa Band – 20-30GHz

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MEASATE (Malaysia East Asia MEASATE (Malaysia East Asia Satellite)Satellite)

Measat Lounched in-1963.Measat Lounched in-1963.

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Type of Satellite ServiceType of Satellite Service

• International Telephony – using Public International Telephony – using Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)– Intermediate Data Rate (IDR)Intermediate Data Rate (IDR)– Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

• BroadcastingBroadcasting– TV UplinkTV Uplink– Television Receive Only (TVRO)Television Receive Only (TVRO)– Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG)Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG)

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Accessing SchemeAccessing Scheme

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TDMA (Time-Division Multiple TDMA (Time-Division Multiple Access)Access)

• When numerous remote sites communicate When numerous remote sites communicate

with one central hub, this design is similar with one central hub, this design is similar

to packet-switched networks.to packet-switched networks.

• Because of competition with one another for Because of competition with one another for

access to the central hub, it restrict the access to the central hub, it restrict the

maximum bandwidth to most cases is about maximum bandwidth to most cases is about

19.2 kbps.19.2 kbps.

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TDMA (Time-Division Multiple TDMA (Time-Division Multiple Access)Access)

Petrol stations, information providers, retail chains, financial institutions and any large corporation that requires transfers of low to medium rate data applications between its head office and, local and outstation branch offices. Example of Point of Sales (POS transactions), Credit Card Verification, Reservations Systems Financial and Banking applications (teller, loans, ATM) etc.

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SCPC (Single-Carrier Per SCPC (Single-Carrier Per Channel)Channel)

• SCPC-based design provides a point-SCPC-based design provides a point-

to-point technology, to-point technology,

• Indicated bandwidth up to 2 MbpsIndicated bandwidth up to 2 Mbps

• Usually use in an international VSAT Usually use in an international VSAT

services in Asia-Pacific. services in Asia-Pacific.

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SCPC (Single-Carrier Per SCPC (Single-Carrier Per Channel)Channel)

In the Hub-to-Remote configuration, one end of the VSAT link (normally the customer's HQ) is connected to the 11-meter VSAT Hub (Earth Station) via a terrestrial leased line.

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FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)Access)• Oldest method for channel allocation.Oldest method for channel allocation.

• The satellite channel bandwidth is broken into The satellite channel bandwidth is broken into

frequency bands for different earth stations.frequency bands for different earth stations.

• The earth stations must be carefully power-The earth stations must be carefully power-

controlled to prevent the microwave power controlled to prevent the microwave power

spilling into the bands for the other channels.spilling into the bands for the other channels.3 Type:3 Type:• PAMA (Pre-Assigned Multiple Access);PAMA (Pre-Assigned Multiple Access);• DAMA (Demand Assigned Multiple Access); andDAMA (Demand Assigned Multiple Access); and• CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). .

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PAMA (Pre-Assigned Multiple PAMA (Pre-Assigned Multiple Access)Access)

• The VSATs are pre-allocated a The VSATs are pre-allocated a

designated frequency Equivalent of the designated frequency Equivalent of the

land based leased line solutions.land based leased line solutions.

• PAMA solutions use the satellite PAMA solutions use the satellite

resources constantly.resources constantly.

• PAMA connects high data traffic sites PAMA connects high data traffic sites

within an organization. within an organization.

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DAMA (Demand Assigned Multiple DAMA (Demand Assigned Multiple Access);Access);

• The network uses a pool of satellite channels, which The network uses a pool of satellite channels, which

are available for use by any station in that network. are available for use by any station in that network.

• On demand a pair of available channels is assigned, On demand a pair of available channels is assigned,

so that a call can be established. so that a call can be established.

• Once the call is completed, the channels are Once the call is completed, the channels are

returned to the pool for an assignment to another returned to the pool for an assignment to another

call. call.

• DAMA offers point-to-point voice, fax, data DAMA offers point-to-point voice, fax, data

requirements and supports video-conferencing. requirements and supports video-conferencing.

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CDMA (Code Division Multiple CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)Access)

• The data signal is combined with a high bit rate The data signal is combined with a high bit rate

code signal which is independent of the data. code signal which is independent of the data.

• The incoming composite data/code signal with a The incoming composite data/code signal with a

locally generated and correctly synchronized locally generated and correctly synchronized

replica of the code. replica of the code.

• Mainly used for interference rejection or for Mainly used for interference rejection or for

security reasons in military systems.security reasons in military systems.

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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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