ENGLISH SUMMARY

Levels III and IV

Verb To be

Content

Verb To be

My name is Lisa Simpson

I’m Chilean, I’m from Santiago

Their favorite sports are football and volleyball

It’s 10:00 o’clock

It’s sunny today, but it isn’t warm

Can you think of more examples?

Verb To be

Positive form

I Am I’m

HeSheIt

Is He’sShe’sIt’s

WeYou

They

Are We’reYou’re

They’re

Short forms

Verb To be

Negative form

I Am not I’m not

HeSheIt

Is not He’s not / he isn’tShe’s not / she isn’tIt’s not / it isn’t

WeYou

They

Are not We’re not / we aren’tYou’re not / you aren’tThey’re not / they aren’t

Short forms

Verb To be

Interrogative form

Am I ? Yes I am / No, I am not

Is He ?She ?

It

Yes he is / No, he isn’tYes she is / No, she isn’tYes it is / No, it isn’t

Are We ?You ?

They ?

Yes we are / No, we aren’tYes you are / No, we aren’tYes they are / No, they aren’t

Short answers

Comprehension check

Make questions with these words

1. Is / at home / your mother2. Your / parents /are / well3. Interesting / is / your job4. The shops / are / open today5. From / where / you / are6. Interested in spot / you / are7. Is / near here / the post office8. At school / are / your children9. You / are / late / why

Verbs are used in infinitive form. E.g.: WorkIn the third person (he/she/it), you add an “s” to the verbs in affirmative form.Auxiliaries: Do-Does

Present Simple

Present Simple

Expresses a habit or often repeated action. Adverbs of frequency such as: often (a menudo), seldom (rara vez), sometimes (a veces), never (nunca), etc. are used with this tense. E.g.:

She goes to work everyday They always eat lunch together

Present Simple

This tense also expresses general truths or facts that are timeless. E.g.:

Snow falls in the December in Minnesota.

Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

Present Simple

Present simple’s negative corresponds to don’t/doesn’t + verb. E.g.:

A: coffee?B: No, thanks. I don’t drink coffee

A doesn’t drink coffee

Present Simple

I don’t drink coffee but I drink tea

Sue drinks tea but she doesn’t drink coffee

You don’t work very hard We don’t watch T.V very

often Myriam and Sylvana

don’t know many people

?

Negative Affirmative

Present Simple

Present simple’s interrogative is formed by using do/does. E.g.:

Do you play chess?

What kind of movies does she like?

Present Simple

Do play tennis? Do your parents

speak English? Does Gary work hard? Does your sister live

in London? Do you like

Reggeaton?

?

Interrogative Short answer

Verbs are used in gerund form. E.g.: WorkingAuxiliaries: am-are-is

Present continuous or progressive

Present Progressive

This tense is used to describe an action that is occurring right now (at this moment, today, this year, etc.). The action has begun and is still in progress. E.g.:

She is typing a paper for her class.

He can’t talk. He is fixing the sink right now.

Present Progressive

The present progressive can also be used to describe an action that is occurring in the present, but is temporary.

John is living in Italy, but he might move soon

Present Progressive

Present progressive’s negative corresponds to am not/aren’t/isn’t + verb. E.g.:

I play the guitar but I am not playing the guitar now

They aren’t paying attention to the class

She isn’t writing she is editing.

Present Progressive

I am not drinking coffee, but I am drinking tea

Sue is drinking tea but she isn’t drinking coffee

You are not working very hard

We are not watching TV (very often X)

Myriam and Sylvana are not meeting many people

?

Negative Affirmative

Present Progressive

Present progressive’s interrogative is formed by usin1g am/are/is just like in the present simple. E.g.:

Are you playing chess?

What is Bill trying to do?

Present Progressive

Are playing tennis? Are your parents

speaking English? Is Gary working

hard? Is your sister living

in London? What am I dancing?

?

Interrogative Short answer

Verbs are used in past form. E.g.:Worked (regular)Caught (irregular)

Auxiliary: Did

Past Simple

Past Simple

We use the simple past to indicate exactly when an action or event took place in the past. E.g.:

I visited my sister yesterday.

We went out to dinner last night.

Past Simple

The simple past is use1d to describe actions and/or events that are now completed and no longer true in the present.

I attended MJC in 1998. (I no longer attend MJC.)

I saw a movie every weekend when I was a teenager. (I don’t see movies very much anymore.)

Past Simple

Past simple’s negative corresponds to didn’t. E.g.:

I didn’t play the guitar They didn’t pay attention to the class. She didn’t write, she edited.

Past Simple

I didn’t drink coffee, I drank tea.

Sue didn’t drink tea but she drank coffee.

You didn’t work very hard.

You didn’t watch TV very often.

Myriam and Sylvana didn’t meet many people.

?

Negative Affirmative

Past Simple

Past simple’s interrogative is formed by using DID. E.g.:

Did you play chess?

What did Bill try to do?

Past Simple

Did play tennis? Did your parents

speak English? Did Gary work

hard? Did your sister live

in London? What did I dance?

?

Interrogative Short answer

Verbs are used in gerund form. E.g.: WorkingAuxiliaries: was-were

Past Progressive

Past progressive

The past progressive is used to talk about an activity that was in progress at a specific point of time in the past. The emphasis is on the duration of the activity in the past. E.g.:

I was studying for an exam while my mother was cooking dinner.

We were walking in the park around 7 p.m. last night.

Past progressive

The past progressive is often used with the simple past to show that one action was in progress when another action occurred.

I was taking a bath when the doorbell rang.

They were eating dinner when the neighbors stopped by for a visit.

Past progressive

Past progressive’s negative corresponds to wasn’t/weren’t E.g.:

I wasn’t playing the guitar. They weren’t paying attention to the

class. She wasn’t writing, she was editing.

Past progressive

I wasn’t drinking coffee, I was drinking tea.

Sue wasn’t drinking tea but she was drinking coffee.

You weren’t working very hard.

You weren’t watching TV very often.

Myriam and Sylvana weren’t meeting many people.

?

Negative Affirmative

Past progressive

Past progressive’s interrogative is formed by using was/were . E.g.:

Were you playing chess?

What was Bill trying to do?

Past progressive

Were you playing tennis?

Were your parents speaking English?

Was Gary working hard?

Was your sister living in London?

What was I dancing?

?

Interrogative Short answer

Verbs are used in infinitive form, e.g.: ork for the future simple and in gerund form, e.g.: workingAuxiliaries: will (for future simple)

am-are-is (for “be going to”)

Future Simple and “be going to”

Future simple and “be going to”

Will and be + going + to are often used to describe future actions. t. E.g.:

Thomas will graduate in June.

Maria is going to go to Mexico next week.

Future simple and “be going to”

The simple present and present progressive are also used to express future time. These are often used in connection with schedules.

She is meeting a new client at eleven o’clock.

The train leaves at 6:00 a.m. tomorrow.

Future simple and “be going to”

Future simple’s negative corresponds to won’t E.g.:

I wont play the guitar. They won’t pay attention to the class. She won’t write, she will editing.

Be going to negative corresponds to am not/aren’t/isn’t

I am not going to play the guitar. They are not going to pay attention in class. She is not going to write, she is going to edit.

Future simple and “be going to”

I am not going to drink coffee, I am going to drink tea.

Sue will drinking tea, but she won’t drink coffee.

You won’t work very hard. You are not going to

watch TV very often. Myriam and Sylvana will

not meet many people.

?

Negative Affirmative

Future simple and “be going to”

Future simple’s interrogative is formed by using will . E.g.:

Will you playing chess?

What will Bill try to do?

“Be going to” interrogative is formed by using am/are/is . E.g.:

Are you going to you play chess?

What is Bill going to try to do?

Future simple and “be going to”

Were you playing tennis?

Were your parents speaking English?

Was Gary working hard?

Was your sister living in London?

What was I dancing?

?

Interrogative Short answer