NAME: ANUKRITIBANKA

CLASS:X-D ROLL NO:6

SUBJECT:ECONOMICS

REG NO:B114084140176TOPIC:SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT RELATED TO WATER RESOURES…..

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSustainable development is an organizing

principle for human life on a finite planet. It posits a desirable future state for human societies in which living conditions and resource-use meet human needs without undermining the sustainability of natural systems and the environment, so that future generations may also meet their needs.

5 EXAMPLES OFSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT•CROP ROTATION•WIND ENERGY•SOLAR ENERGY•SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY•GREEN SPACE

WATER….Water resources management is one of the most important challenges the worldfaces. It is difficult to think of a resource more essential to the health of human communities or their economies than water. Humans cannot live for more than several days without water, shorter than for any source of sustenance other than freshair. In meeting their demand for water, societies extract vast quantities from rivers, lakes, wetlands and underground aquifers to supply the requirements of cities, farms, and industries.

A sustainable urban water supply network covers all the activities related to provision of potable water. Sustainable development is of increasing importance for the water supply to urban areas.

NAME: ANUKRITI BANKA

CLASS:X-D ROLL NO:6

SUBJECT:BIOLOGY

TOPIC:RECYCLING OF WATER…

REG NO:B114084140176

NAME – ANUKRITI BANKACLASS- X D ROLL NO. – 6

SUBJECT-GEOGRAPHY REG NO-B114084140176

TOPIC- WATER CONSERVATION

WATER SHED MANAGEMENT

Watershed management is the study of the relevant characteristics of a watershed aimed at the sustainable distribution of its resources and the process of creating and implementing plans, programs, and projects to sustain and enhance watershed functions that affect the plant, animal, and human communities within a watershed boundary

RAIN WATER HARVESTINGRain water harvesting is a technique used for collecting, storing, and using rainwater for landscape irrigation and other uses. The rainwater is collected from various hard surfaces such as roof tops and/or other types of manmade above ground hard surfaces.

WATER CONSERVATION

Water conservation refers to reducing the usage of water and recycling of waste water for different purposes such as cleaning, manufacturing and irrigation

 Recycled water can be used for a range of non-drinking purposes and is one of the ways we’re improving the resilience of our water supply system. We are a wholesale producer of recycled water, which we supply to the retail water companies.

RECYCLING OF WATER..

What is recycled water?Recycled water is wastewater that has been purified so it can be used again for new purposes.We treat wastewater from our sewage treatment plants to produce high quality recycled water that is suitable for a range of non-drinking purposes.

Producing recycled waterWe produce high quality recycled water at our Eastern and Western treatment plants, using highly specialised treatment processes unique to each plant.The plants process most of the treated wastewater to a Class A standard. In Victoria, Class A is the highest class of recycled water and is safe to use for a range of non-drinking purposes.Using recycled waterMelbourne Water is a wholesale supplier of recycled water to the retail water companies, who then distribute it to customers. Our recycled water meets the requirements of EPA Victoria and Department of Health, and is safe to use for specific non-drinking purposes.

How to Recycle WaterWith so much emphasis on the environment, and an ever-increasing demand for renewable water resources, learning how to recycle water not only saves you money, but is also good for the planet. Implementing reclaimable-water ideas and other comprehensive ecological solutions help protect aquifers and replenish lakes, especially during drougthFor tips on how to recycle water, consider these ideas:

Initiate the appropriate recycling methods.Conserve water in your everyday routine. Sanitize grey water. .Reclaim rainwater. Compare the water bill before and after.

IMPORTANCE OF RECYCLING WATER

Water recycling provides enormous environmental benefits. It also provides an additional source of water for various purposes. This a list of some benefits that water recycling can present.Water recycling decreases the extraction of water form sources that may be dwindling and may stop being viable as habitats for valuable and endangered wildlife.Recycling wastewater can decrease the discharge of effluents that may damage and pollute the ecosystems of the sensitive bodies of water.Recycled water can be used to create new wetlands or to enhance and improve the quality of existing ones.Water recycling can reduce and prevent pollution by leaving damaging pollutants at the treatment plant. 

NAME:ANUKRITI BANKA

CLASS:X-DROLL NO:6

SUBJECT:CHEMISTRYREG NO:B114084140176

TOPIC: HARDNESS OF WATER

HARDNESS OF WATER

Hard drinking water is generally not harmful to one's health,[1] but can pose serious problems in industrial settings, where water hardness is monitored to avoid costly breakdowns in boilers, cooling towers, and other equipment that handles water. In domestic settings, hard water is often indicated by a lack of suds formation when soap is agitated in water, and by the formation of limescale in kettles and water heaters. Wherever water hardness is a concern, water softening is commonly used to reduce hard water's adverse effects.Sources of hardnesS ARE:-

Permanent hardness

Temporary hardness

PERMANENT HARDNESSPermanent hardness in water is hardness due to the presence of the chlorides, nitrates and sulphate of calcium and magnesium, which will not be precipitated by boiling. The lime scale can build up on the inside of the pipe restricting the flow of water or causing a blockage. This can happen in industry where hot water is used.TEMPORARY HARDNESSIt is due to the presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium. It can be easily removed by boiling.  Ca (HCO3)2                           →                              CaCO3 + H2 O + CO2

IMPORTANCE OF HARD WATERWater hardness is important to fish culture and is a commonly reported aspect of water quality. It is a measure of the quantity of divalent ions (for this discussion, salts with two positive charges) such as calcium, magnesium and/or iron in water. There are many different divalent salts; however, calcium and magnesium are the most common sources of water hardness. Hardness is traditionally measured by chemical titration. The hardness of a water sample is reported in milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate (mg/l CaCO3). Calcium carbonate hardness is a general term that indicates the total quantity of divalent salts present and does not specifically identify whether calcium, magnesium and/or some other divalent salt is causing water hardness. Hardness can be a mixture of divalent salts. Calcium has an important role in the biological processes of fish. It is necessary for bone formation, blood clotting and other metabolic reactions. Fish can absorb calcium for these needs directly from the water or food. 

 Problems caused by hard water

Hard water causes scaling, which is the precipitation of minerals to form a rock-hard deposit called limescale. Scale can clog pipes and can decrease the life of toilet flushing units by 70% and water taps by 40%[citation needed]. It can coat the inside of tea and coffee pots, and clog and ruin water heaters. In the home environment, hard water requires more soap and synthetic detergents for laundry and washing. It takes half as much soap for cleaning with soft water[citation needed]. Hard water and soap combine to form "soap scum" that can't be rinsed off, forming a “bathtub ring” on all surfaces, and it dries leaving unsightly spots on dishes[citation needed].

ROLL NO:6SUBJECT PHYSICS

REG NO:B114O84140176TOPIC: ENERGY OF

WATER

NAME:ANUKRITI BANKACLASS:X-D

FORMS OF ENERGYEnergy has a number of different forms, all of which measure the ability of an object or system to do work on another object or system. In other words, there are different ways that an object or a system can possess energy.

TYPES OF ENERGY :LIGHT ENERGYHEAT ENERGYCHEMICAL ENERGYKINETIC ENERGYELECTRICAL ENERGY

HYDROPOWER ENERGYHydro-power or water power is power derived from the energy of falling water and running water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes. Kinetic energy of flowing water (when it moves from higher potential to lower potential) rotates the blades/propellers of turbine, which rotates the axle. The axle has a coil which is placed between the magnets. When the coils rotate in magnetic field it induce them in the coil due to change in flux. Hence, kinetic energy of flowing water is converted to electrical energy.Since ancient times, hydro-power has been used for irrigation and the operation of various mechanical devices, such as watermills, sawmills, textile mills, dock cranes, domestic lifts, power houses and paint making.

Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into useful forms of power - mainly electricity.Although not yet widely used, tidal power has potential for future electricity generation. Tides are more predictable than wind energy and solar power. Among sources of renewable energy, tidal power has traditionally suffered from relatively high cost and limited availability of sites with sufficiently high tidal ranges or flow velocities, thus constricting its total availability. However, many recent technological developments and improvements, both in design (e.g. dynamic tidal power, tidal lagoons) and turbine technology (e.g. new axial turbines, cross flow turbines), indicate that the total availability of tidal power may be much higher than previously assumed, and that economic and environmental costs may be brought down to competitive levels. Tidal energy is a renewable energy source.

TIDAL POWER ENERGY

Tides are the waves caused due to the gravitational pull of the moon and also sun(though its pull is very low). The rise is called high tide and fall is called low tide. This building up and receding of waves happens twice a day and causes enormous movement of water. It is so powerful that it has caused many mishaps and resulted in sinking of ships. Thus tidal energy forms a large source of energy and can be harnessed in some of the coastal areas of the world. Tidal dams are built near shores for this purpose. During high tide, the water flows into the dam and during low tide, water flows out which result in turning the turbine.

NAME:ANUKRITI BANKA

CLASS X-D ROLL NO-6SUBJECT-POLITICS

REG NO:B114084140176

DEVELOPMENTTOPIC- POPULAR STRUGGLE ON

WATER

POPULAR STRUGGLE Wars of national liberation or national liberation revolutions are conflicts fought by nationalities to gain independence. The term is used in conjunction with wars against foreign powers to establish separate sovereign states for the rebelling nationalit

NARMADA BACHAO ANDOLAN

Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) is a social movement consisting of adivasis, farmers,environmentalists, and human rights activists against a number of large dams being built across theNarmada river. The river flows through the states of Gujarat, , and Madhya Pradesh in India. Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat is one of the biggest dams on the river and was one of the first focal points of the movement. Friends of River Narmada is the unofficial website of the NBA.Their mode of campaign includes hunger strikes and garnering support from film and art personalities (notably Bollywood actor Aamir Khan). Narmada Bachao Andolan, with its leading spokespersons Medha Patkar and Baba Amte, received the Right Livelihood Award in 1991.

BOLIVIA WATER WAR…HE third-largest city in Bolivia is spread across the flat floor of a fertile Andean valley which produces much of the country's grain, poultry, fruit and vegetables. But a swiftly expanding population and a drier climate have turned Cochabamba's once lush valley into an increasingly parched and dusty place. The water table is falling swiftly. Some areas of the city now receive water for only a few hours every two or three days, and farmers have had to shift to crops requiring less irrigation.How to end the water shortage has become a controversial political issue.