Ch.11 Sec. Ch.11 Sec. 33

Age of Age of NapoleonNapoleon

Main IdeaMain Idea

1.1. Napoleon built a vast empire, but Napoleon built a vast empire, but lost it also.lost it also.

2.2. Nationalism spread as a result of Nationalism spread as a result of the French Revolutionthe French Revolution

I. Rise of NapoleonI. Rise of Napoleon• Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Napoleon Bonaparte was born in

1769. He went to a military school 1769. He went to a military school in France on a scholarship. in France on a scholarship.

• By 1785 he was commissioned as a By 1785 he was commissioned as a lieutenant in the French army.lieutenant in the French army.

• He educated himself in philosophy & He educated himself in philosophy & the great military campaigns.the great military campaigns.

• By 25, he was made brigadier By 25, he was made brigadier general by the Committee of Public general by the Committee of Public Safety. He won battles in Italy.Safety. He won battles in Italy.

• Napoleon’s intelligence, charm, wit, Napoleon’s intelligence, charm, wit, and decisiveness won the support of and decisiveness won the support of troops and other high ranking troops and other high ranking officials.officials.

• When he returned from Italy he was When he returned from Italy he was viewed as a hero.viewed as a hero.

• Napoleon (age 30) took part in the coup d Napoleon (age 30) took part in the coup d etat that overthrew the Directory. This etat that overthrew the Directory. This new gov’t was called a consulate. new gov’t was called a consulate. Napoleon held absolute power. Napoleon held absolute power. 1. appointed members of the bureaucracy1. appointed members of the bureaucracy2. controlled the army2. controlled the army3. conducted foreign affairs3. conducted foreign affairs4. influenced the legislature4. influenced the legislature

• By 1802 he made himself consul for life, By 1802 he made himself consul for life, and in 1804 he crowned himself Emperor.and in 1804 he crowned himself Emperor.

II. Napoleon’s Domestic II. Napoleon’s Domestic PoliciesPolicies

• Napoleon made peace with the Napoleon made peace with the Church. In 1801 he and the Pope Church. In 1801 he and the Pope made an agreement to recognize made an agreement to recognize Catholicism as the religion in France. Catholicism as the religion in France. Napoleon made the Church & people Napoleon made the Church & people who seized the lands happy.who seized the lands happy.

• Napoleon’s most famous domestic Napoleon’s most famous domestic achievement was codifying French achievement was codifying French laws (a single law code)laws (a single law code)

• The most important new code was The most important new code was the Civil Code which;the Civil Code which;

1.1. Recognized equality before the lawRecognized equality before the law2.2. Right to choose a professionRight to choose a profession3.3. Religious tolerationReligious toleration4.4. End of serfdom & feudalismEnd of serfdom & feudalism5.5. Outlawed unions and strikesOutlawed unions and strikes

Things it undid;Things it undid;1.Making divorce hard again1.Making divorce hard again2.Inheriting property for children & 2.Inheriting property for children &

daughters became difficultdaughters became difficult

• Napoleon developed a powerful, Napoleon developed a powerful, centralized administration. He centralized administration. He opened gov’t jobs based on ability. opened gov’t jobs based on ability. This made the middle class happy.This made the middle class happy.

How did Napoleon preserve the ideals of How did Napoleon preserve the ideals of the French Revolution?the French Revolution?

By the Civil Code which recognized By the Civil Code which recognized equality of all citizens before the law, and equality of all citizens before the law, and opened gov’t careers to more peopleopened gov’t careers to more people

Napoleon also destroyed some Napoleon also destroyed some revolutionary ideas such as shutting revolutionary ideas such as shutting down 60 of 73 of France’s newspapers, down 60 of 73 of France’s newspapers, screened manuscripts before they were screened manuscripts before they were published, had police read people’s mail.published, had police read people’s mail.

• Anne-Louise-Germaine de Stael was Anne-Louise-Germaine de Stael was a writer that supported Napoleon a writer that supported Napoleon until she asked him who the greatest until she asked him who the greatest woman of history was. He answered woman of history was. He answered “The one who had the most “The one who had the most children”. She later denounced him children”. She later denounced him as a tyrant.as a tyrant.

III. Napoleon’s EmpireIII. Napoleon’s Empire• Napoleon achieved a peace treaty in 1802, Napoleon achieved a peace treaty in 1802,

but war was renewed in 1803. His Grand but war was renewed in 1803. His Grand Army defeated Austria, Russia, and Prussia.Army defeated Austria, Russia, and Prussia.

• Napoleon had a Grand Empire with 3 parts;Napoleon had a Grand Empire with 3 parts;French Empire, dependent states, and allied French Empire, dependent states, and allied

statesstates

– The allied states were those Napoleon defeated The allied states were those Napoleon defeated and forced to join him in war against Britain.and forced to join him in war against Britain.

IV. The European Response

• The two main causes of the quick collapse of Napoleon’s empire were;survival of G.B.force of nationalism

• Britain survived because of itssea power

• By Britain defeating a French & Spanish fleet @ Trafalgar (1805) it ended Napoleon’s dream to take over Britain.

• The Continental system was intended to stop British goods from entering other countries

What are some symbols of American nationalism?

V. Fall of Napoleon• Napoleon’s fall began when trying to

invade Russia who rejected the Continental System.

• In 1812, Napoleon’s Grand Army entered Russia, who would not fight (retreated). Russia burned villages. Why?

• 600,000 entered Russia, only 40,000 returned.

• Other European nations attacked the Grand Army. Paris was captured in 1814. (Elba)

• Bourbon monarchy restored!• Troops were sent to capture & kill

him but they joined him (LONG LIVE THE EMPEROR) Entered Paris in March 1815.

• European nations again fought to end Napoleon’s rein. Did so @ Waterloo in 1815. Napoleon was defeated by Duke of Wellington.