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Planar/Patch Antenna Technology andApplications

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Introduction to Patch Antennas

# Printed resonant antennas for Narrowband MW wireless links

# It consists of a metal patch suspended over a dielectric Substrate

# Conventionally They are used in mainly Narrow BW applications

# Now-a-day these are working for broadband applications also

UWB (3.1GHz to 10.6GHz) and WiMAX (10 GHz to 66 GHz)

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Advantages

Cheap in Cost Light in weight Small in size (volume) Better Performance Easy installation and replacement

Aerodynamic profile Mass Production (PCB Technology) They allow for Dual, Triple & Multiband Operations

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Application areas

Spacecrafts Aircrafts Missiles

In Satellite imaging systems GSM (Global Systems for Mobile Communications) GPS (Global Positioning System) In Microwave Relay Equipments

In Satellites Consumer Electronics

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Limitations Narrow frequency Bandwidth

Low gain

Low power handling capacity High Q

Poor Polarization Purity.

Note : Now a days Narrow frequency BW is not an issueThese Planar antennas are working well for Broadband applications

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Physical structure of Patch Antenna Main parts :

1. Ground Plane.2. Dielectric Substrate.

3. Radiating Patch

4. Microstripline

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Various structures of the patches:

Rectangular, Square, circular, elliptical, Triangular, etc..

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Feeding methods:Some important configurations are used to feed the Antennas

1. Microstrip line feeding *

2. Coplanar Wave Guide (CPW) Feeding

3. Coaxial probe feeding

4. Triangular Tapered Line Feeding *The Microstrip-line and CPW Feeding methods are simple and easy to

fabricate and match the impedance of the antenna.

Fig. Microstrip Line fed patch antenna Fig. CPW Fed Patch Antenna

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Coaxial line feeding : The inner conductor is attached to the Patch &

the outer conductoris connected to the ground.

Fig. Triangular Tapered Feed Line fed patch antenna

Fig. Coaxial Line fed patch antenna

Triangular Tapered Line Feeding : Very important Broadband Technique

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Ultra Wide Band (UWB) Technology andApplications

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UWB Spectrum FCC ruling permits UWB spectrum overlay

1.6 1.9 2.4

Bluetooth,802.11bCordless PhonesMicrowave OvensG

PS

PCS

5

802.11a

-41 dBm/Mhz Part 15 LimitUWBSpectrum

Frequency (Ghz)

Emitted

Signal

Power

10.63.1

FCC ruling issued 2/14/2002 after ~4 years of study & public

debate

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Related Standards

IEEE 802.15 : Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)

IEEE 802.15.1 : Bluetooth, 1Mbps

IEEE 802.15.3 : WPAN/high rate, 50Mbps

IEEE 802.15.3a: WPAN/Higher rate, 200Mbps, UWB IEEE 802.15.4 : WPAN/low-rate, low-power, mW level, 200kbps

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So why is UWB so Interesting?

7.5 Ghz of free spectrum in the U.S.

FCC recently legalized UWB for commercial useSpectrum allocation overlays existing users, but its allowed

power level is very low to minimize interference

Very high data rates possible

500 Mbps can be achieved at distances of 10 feet under currentregulations

Moores Law Radio

Data rate scales with the shorter pulse widths made possible with

ever faster CMOS circuits Simple CMOS transmitters at very low power

Suitable for battery-operated devices

Low power is CMOS friendly

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UWB Application 1 : WPAN

MobileMobile

ClusterCluster

handheld PCshandheld PCs

tabletstablets

MP3MP3

PDAsPDAs

mobilemobilephonephone

3G3Ghandsetshandsets

cameracameraphonesphones

laptopslaptops

printersprinters

speakersspeakers

PCPC

ClusterCluster

storagestoragedevicesdevices

ScannersScanners

scannersscanners

DVDDVDplayersplayers

Desktop and Laptop PCs

High res. printers, scanners,

storage devices, etc

Connectivity to mobile and

CE devices

Mobile Devices

Multimedia files, MP3, games, video

Personal connectivity

CE Devices Cameras, DVD, PVR, HDTV

Personal connectivity

camerascameras

CECEClusterClusterHDTVHDTV

STBsSTBs

VCRsVCRs

PVRsPVRs

camcorderscamcordersconsoleconsolegamesgames

audioaudiosystemssystems

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Wireless Connectivity Among the Consumer Electronics Appliances. (WPAN)

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UWB Application 2

Positioning, Geolocation, Localization

High Multipath EnvironmentsObscured Environments

Communications

High Multipath EnvironmentsShort Range High Data RateLow Probability of Intercept/ Interference

Radar/Sensor : MIR (motion detector, range-finder, etc.)Military and Commercial: Asset Protection

Anti-Terrorist/Law EnforcementRescue Applications

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UWB Industries

ther Wire & Location (USA) (http://www.aetherwire.com ) Low power, miniature, distributed position location (Localizers) and communication devices. DARPA Projects (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)

Intel (USA) (http://www.intel.com/technology/itj/q22001/articles/art_4.htm )

UWB for communicating between devices, instead of networking PCs (wireless USB);Pulse-Link (USA) (Fantasma Networks IP) (http://www.pulselink.net/default.htm ) Very active on patents and IP; Development of UWB platform for wireless video, short and long (km) range communication,

positioning.Time Domain (USA) (Pulse-ON technology) (http://www.time-domain.com ) Wireless Communications (Home WLAN), Precision Location and Tracking and High

Definition Portable Radar Already a 5-chip chipset: PulseON chipset (IBM foundry)

MultiSpectral Solutions, Inc (MSSI) (USA) (http://www.multispectral.com ) High-speed communications networks and data links, collision and obstacle avoidance

radars, precisiongeolocation systems for personnel location and mapping, intelligent transportation systems.

XtremeSpectrum (USA) (http://www.xtremespectrum.com ) First product announced for middle 2002

McEwan Techologies (USA) (http://www.mcewantechnologies.com ) McEwan Technologies licenses its wideband and ultra-wideband (UWB) radar sensor

technology toindustry. Thomas McEwan is the inventor of the MIR Rangefinder UWB radar developed at

theLawrence Livermore National Laboratories (LLNL).

Wisair (Israel) (http://www.wisair.com )

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Academic Activity

University of California, Berkeley (USA), Berkeley Ultra-Wideband Group(http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/Research/UWB/default.htm ) Design of UWB transceiver realized in a conventional CMOS technology, low power implementation.

University of Southern California (USA), The UltraLab (http://ultra.usc.edu/New_Site/index.html ) UWB propagation and antenna measurements and modeling; Coexistence with existing radio systems;

signal processing integration, and custom chip and circuit design.University of Massachusetts (USA) (http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/labs/antlab.html ) Analysis, design, and development of microstrip antennas and arrays; including a broader interest in

related radiation and scattering problems.Rutgers Winlab (USA), WINLAB research and partnerships are aimed at developing the architectural and

technical underpinnings that will enable the Mobile Internet (http://www.winlab.rutgers.edu/pub/docs/focus/UWB.html ) Design and prototyping of an ultra-wide band (UWB) physical layer (modem) and medium access

control (MAC), optimized for short-range, super high-speed (~100s of Mbps) applications.INSA Rennes (France), Laboratoire Composants et Systme de Tlcommunication (LCST),Groupe Diffraction

(http://www.insa-rennes.fr/l-lcst/gdid/) Analysis of UWB radio and radar systems.Universit di Padova (Italy), CESP, Communication Engineering staff in Padova

(http://www.dei.unipd.it/ricerca/cesp/research/iruwb.html ) Investigation of the physical layer, use of existing models for the UWB channel, definition of

appropriate time-hopping codes, modeling the multi-user interference, implementation and performances of an IR receiver, etcUniversit di Roma (Italy), UWB Group, (http://wsfalco.ing.uniroma1.it/Projects/UWB/Uframes.html )

At the origin of the proposal of an IST research project called whyless.com focused on the design of anOpen Mobile Access Network based on UWB radio technique. The project started in January 2001.

Whyless.com (Europe), The open mobile access network, IST Project 2000-25197

whyless.com will research scalable radio technology and network resource trading principles in where UWB is a candidate.UCAN Ultra-wideband Concepts for Ad-hoc Networks, (Europe), IST Poject 2001-32710 (http://www.ucan.biz )

UCAN is a Research and Technological Development (RTD) Project sponsored by the EUs ISTProgram(Information Society Technologies), action line IV.5.2 Terrestrial wireless system and networks.

The objective of UCAN is to provide a generic platform for a self-organizing WPAN containing highaccuracy indoor-positioning functionality: called "UWB-Demonstrator".

ETHZ, Communication Theory Group, (http://www.nari.ee.ethz.ch/commth/research/topics.html ) Establishing realistic UWBM channel models, establishing the ultimate information-theoretic performance

limits, and devising modulation and coding schemes for UWBM taking into account real-world propagation conditions.

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[1] Ramu Pillalamarri and R. S. Kshetrimayum Single Printed Monopole Antenna and Notched Antenna withTriangular Tapered Feed Lines for Triband and Penta band Applications, in Proc. IEEE Indicon 2007, Bangalore,

Sept. 2007.

[2] Ramu Pillalamarri , R. S. Kshetrimayum and D. Day Accurate Determination of Antenna Impedance ofMicrostrip Line-Fed Patch Antennas, in Proc. IEEE Indicon 2007, Bangalore, Sept. 2007.

[3] Ramu Pillalamarri, R. S. Kshetrimayum and A. R. Putla, Printed UWB Circular and Modified Circular DiscMonopole Antennas, in Proc IEEE Applied Electromagnetics Conference, Kolkatta, India, December 2007.

[4] R. S. Kshetrimayum and Ramu Pillalamarri Novel UWB printed monopole antenna with triangular tapered

feed lines, published in IEICE Electronics Express (ELEX), Japan, November 2007.[5] Y.-L. Kuo and K.-L. Wong, Printed Double-T Monopole Antenna for 2.4/5.2 GHz Dual-Band WLANOperations, IEEE Trans. Ant. and Propagat., vol. 51, no. 9, pp. 2187-2192, Sept. 2003.

[6] K. P. Ray and Y. Ranga, Printed Rectangular Monopole Antennas, IEEE Antennas and Propagation SocietyInternational Symposium, pp.1693-1696, 9-14 July, 2006

[7] S. K. Palit, and A Hamadi, "A dual-band notch microstrip antenna for mobile communications," Asia- PacificMicrowave Conference Proceedings, Dec. 1996, vol. I , pp. 299 -302.

[8] N. P. Agrawall, G. Kumar, and K. P. Ray, Wide-Band Planar Monopole Antennas, IEEE Transactions onAntennas and Propagation, vol. 46, no. 2, February 1998, pp. 294-295.

[9] G. L. Matthaei, L. Young and E. M. T. Jones, Microwave filters, Impedance-matching networks and couplingstructures, Artech House, MA, 1980

References

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THANK YOU