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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Simple Indicator &
Nearest Neighbor
Tricks
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Topics
Quantify continuous mineralized lengths by
using indicators to control compositing
Calculate dilution & ore loss by composite length
Define mineralized continuity using indicator
methods to classify resources
Modify resource categories using nearest
neighbor methods
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Using Indicators to Examine Mineralization
Set indicator flags in assay file
Create separate composite files for each cutoff
Build comps using indicator flag as geology
Assemble statistics for each cutoff grade
Quick Start
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Continuous Mineralized Lengths
Need grade indicator flag item(s) for fi le 11
Need composite file 9 & associated file 12
(e.g. IND1 & IND2 with min=0; max=1; prec.=1)
One pair for each cutoff grade to be examined
File 11 Operations
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Use Multi-runs to Set Indicators
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Use Cutoff Grades to Set Indicators
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Composite Grades Using Indicator Item as Geology
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Use Multi-runs Vary File Function for each Cutoff
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Compositing Indicator to Get Mineralized Length
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
File 11
One 2m
length
File 9
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
File 11
One 1m & one
2m length
File 9
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
File 11
One 5m
length
File 9
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Calculate Statistics by Cutoff Grade
Could use MDSA to assemble stats
Could export out CSV files for Excel
Could calculate stats using scripts
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Continuous Mineralized Lengths Above 0.5 g/t
0.00 to 0.50 206 99 2.94 99 1% 1%
0.50 to 1.00 3,218 3,062 2.31 3,161 31% 32%
1.00 to 1.50 402 496 2.24 3,657 5% 37%
1.50 to 2.00 873 1,698 2.45 5,355 17% 54%
2.00 to 2.50 100 227 2.45 5,582 2% 57%
2.50 to 3.00 337 998 2.68 6,579 10% 67%
3.00 to 3.50 54 175 1.81 6,754 2% 69%
3.50 to 4.00 154 609 2.63 7,363 6% 75%4.00 to 4.50 18 77 3.47 7,440 1% 75%
4.50 to 5.00 98 485 1.97 7,926 5% 80%
5.00 to 5.50 13 69 1.27 7,994 1% 81%
5.50 to 6.00 53 314 2.68 8,308 3% 84%
6.00 to 6.50 8 50 2.61 8,359 1% 85%
6.50 to 7.00 32 223 2.62 8,581 2% 87%
7.00 to 7.50 4 29 1.37 8,611 0% 87%
7.50 to 8.00 19 152 2.14 8,763 2% 89%8.00 to 8.50 5 41 3.40 8,804 0% 89%
8.50 to 9.00 10 90 2.02 8,893 1% 90%
9.00 to 9.50 4 37 1.82 8,930 0% 91%
9.50 to 10.00 16 159 2.46 9,089 2% 92%
> 10.00 47 769 2.95 9,858 8% 100%
Total 5,671 9,858 2.45 9,858 100% 100%
Length (m) Count Meters
Cumulative
Meters
% of
Total
Cumulative
%
Mean Au
(g/t)
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Distribution of Mineralized Lengths
0%
7%
14%
21%
28%
35%
PercentageofTotal
Continuous Mineralized Length (m)
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Graphing Data
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0%
7%
14%
21%
28%
35%
PercentageofTotal
Continuous Mineralized Length (m)
50%
~ 1.6m
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Mineralized Lengths vs. Cutoff Grade
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Cumulative%
ofData
Continuous Mineralized Length (m)
0.10 g/t 050 g/t 0.90 g/t
50% ~ 5m long
50% ~ 1.5m long
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Dilution (Internal)
Defined as % of material below a cutoff grade
Could be % of waste tonnage in an ore block
or could be % of waste meters in a composite
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Ore Loss
Defined as % of contained metal lost when
sample drops below cutoff grade due to dilution
5m
Composite
0.45
AUPPM @ a 0.50 g/t cutoffthe 5m composite
falls below that cutoff
so
a grade * thicknessproduct of 1.5 g/t-m
is considered lost
Raw
Samples
0.05
0.15
0.25
0.30
1.50
AUPPM
Grade * thickness = 1.50 g/t-m
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
-AI-
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Using Indicators to Calculate Dilution & Ore Loss
Set indicator flags in assay file & calculate GT
Create separate composite file for each length
Build fixed length composites (grade, indicator, GT)
Assemble statistics for each length & cutoff grade
Quick Start
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Calculating Dilution for Each Composite
@ 0.50 g/t cutoff
3m out of 5m are
below cutoff
0.00 to 0.50 g/t
0.50 to 1.00 g/t
1.00 to 2.00 g/t
> 2.00 g/t
Raw
Samples
0.10
0.20
0.45
0.50
2.501
1
0
0
0
IND5 AUPPM
5m
Composite
0.750.40
IND5 AUPPM
Resulting in
60% internal dilution
for this composite
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Resource Modeling Inc. 29th
Annual Mintec SeminarMay 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Calculating Dilution by Composite Length
Need indicator flag items for each cutoff grade
Need grade * thickness item
Set indicators based on cutoff grade
Calculate grade * thickness product
File 11 Operations
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Resource Modeling Inc.29thAnnual Mintec Seminar
May 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Calculating Dilution by Composite Length
Need indicator item for each cutoff grade
note: precision needs to be 0.01
Need grade * thickness items for each cutoff
Composite grade, all indicator, and all G*T items
for each composite file
File 9 Operations
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Resource Modeling Inc.29thAnnual Mintec Seminar
May 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Calculate Statistics by Composite Length
Need tally (summation) of:
Meters above cutoff grade
Meters below cutoff grade
Grade * thickness above cutoff
For each composite file (different lengths)
Grade * thickness below cutoff
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Resource Modeling Inc.29thAnnual Mintec Seminar
May 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Dilution and Ore Loss Calculations
With a tally of ore and waste lengths
% Dilution can be calculated:
% Dilution = [waste length / (waste length + ore length)] * 100
With a tally of ore and waste grade * thicknesses
% Ore Loss can be calculated:
% Ore Loss = [ore GT / (ore GT + waste GT )] - 1
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Resource Modeling Inc.29thAnnual Mintec Seminar
May 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Example of Calculated Dilution/Loss Statistics
2.5 18,896 3.08 58,128 27.1 -2.9
5.0 21,252 2.71 57,686 36.8 -4.0
7.5 22,942 2.50 57,250 47.4 -5.0
10.0 24,028 2.38 57,083 50.3 -5.3
12.5 24,817 2.29 56,817 55.9 -5.8
15.0 25,502 2.22 56,558 58.1 -6.2
17.5 26,273 2.15 56,372 61.7 -6.5
20.0 27,301 2.07 56,549 65.1 -6.3
0.65 g/t Au Cutoff
Comp
LengthMeters Au (g/t) AuGT
Dilution
(%)
Ore Loss
(%)
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Resource Modeling Inc.29thAnnual Mintec Seminar
May 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Grade Dilution vs. Composite Length
25
35
45
55
65
75
2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0
PercentDilution
Composite Length (m)
0.65 g/t Cutoff 0.85 g/t Cutoff
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Resource Modeling Inc.29thAnnual Mintec Seminar
May 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Metal Loss vs. Composite Length
-10.0
-8.0
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0
OreLoss
(%)
Composite Length (m)
0.65 g/t Cutoff 0.85 g/t Cutoff
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Resource Modeling Inc.29thAnnual Mintec Seminar
May 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Grade * Thickness vs. Composite Length
53,000
54,200
55,400
56,600
57,800
59,000
2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0
AuGrade*ThicknessProduct
Composite Length (m)
0.65 g/t Cutoff 0.85 g/t Cutoff
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Resource Modeling Inc.29thAnnual Mintec Seminar
May 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Indicator Models Used in Classification
Mineralized continuity is the key to
defining a resource
Build an indicator model using
an economic cutoff grade
Examine indicator probability in plan
and section to determine continuity
Use probability as guide to draw shapes
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Resource Modeling Inc.29thAnnual Mintec Seminar
May 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
0.50
4 out of 8
Indicator Estimation
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Resource Modeling Inc.29thAnnual Mintec Seminar
May 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Estimated Indicator Probability
90 100%
80 90%
70 80%
60 70%
50 60%
40 50%
Indicator Probability
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Resource Modeling Inc.29thAnnual Mintec Seminar
May 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Indicator Models Used in Classification
Manually digiti ze
shapes around higher probability
blocks
Code blocks inside
polygons/solids as
Indicated Resources
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Resource Modeling Inc.29thAnnual Mintec Seminar
May 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Goofy Nearest Neighbor Tricks
Re-assign resource categories to that of
surrounding majority codes
Poor mans version of Dilate and Erode
Assign resource category based on proximity
To underground workings
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Resource Modeling Inc.29thAnnual Mintec Seminar
May 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Steps for Modifying Initial Classification
Export out all Measured + Indicated Blocks
Treat M&I block centroids as DH composites
Interpolate dummy grades using M&I compsto capture number of comps used
User calculation to change Inferred to Indicated
if Inferred is surrounded by user specified numberof M&I blocks
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Resource Modeling Inc.29thAnnual Mintec Seminar
May 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Indicator Models Used in Classification
Indicated
Inferred
Search ellipse
Inferred blocksurrounded
by 8 Indicated
blocks
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Resource Modeling Inc.29thAnnual Mintec Seminar
May 7-11, 2012 Tucson, AZ
Resource ClassificationBased on Proximity to U/G Workings
Grid stopes/drif ts/sub-levels etc.
Treat stope grid points as DH composites
Interpolate dummy grades using stope comps
to capture distance to U/G workings
User calculations to assign resource
categories based on distance to workings
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Resource Modeling Inc29thAnnual Mintec Seminar
May 7 11 2012 Tucson AZ
The End