Practical Applications of Biotechnology
1. Bioprocessing technology
Uses whole living cells or components of them to manufacture desired products.
Most common whole cells used are yeast and bacteria (one-celled organisms).
Most common components are enzymes (proteins that catalyze chemical reactions).
Cells isolated from animals and plants also are used to produce desired products.
Practical Applications of Biotechnology
2. Genetic engineering
The technique of removing, modifying or adding genes to a DNA molecule to change the information it contains.
More specifically is known as recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology.
The product of rDNA technology is known as a genetically modified organism, or GMO.
Example: Gene for human insulin inserted into E.coli → bacteria that make human insulin (a biopharmaceutical).
Practical Applications of Biotechnology
1. Agricultural applications — better crops, improved animal health
2. Medical and health care applications — new tests, vaccines, medicines
3. Chemical and environmental applications — better manufacturing processes and consumer products
Practical Applications of Biotechnology
1. Agricultural applications — crops and forest
Improve crop yields by introducing genes that confer resistance to insects, tolerance to herbicides and resistance to environmental stresses (drought, heat, cold).
Create disease- and insect-resistant trees to help meet demand for wood products.
Practical Applications of Biotechnology
1. Agricultural applications — improve animal health
Better detection of disease
More nutritious feed
New and more effective vaccines
Improved treatments for diseases
Practical Applications of Biotechnology
2. Medical and Health CareApplications
New diagnostic testsExample: quick test for strep throat
MANY new treatments for diseases and conditionsExamples: diabetes, stroke, anemia, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, leukemia and other cancers; hepatitis; rheumatoid arthritis; growth deficiencies; transplant rejection
Practical Applications of Biotechnology
3. Chemical and EnvironmentalApplications (Industrial Biotechnology)
Produce enzymes used in laundry detergents. Use genetically modified microorganisms that
break down industrial waste.
Develop bio-based, biodegradable plastics.
Improve manufacturing that reduces the amount of waste products.
