Practice of Release / Reuse of Materials - International … · 2012-12-27 · Practice of Release...

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Practice of Release / Reuse of Materials

A comparative study

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Slide: 2 IAEA RER/9/120 26-30 November 2012

Workshop on planning and licensing of decommissioning projects


Dr. M. Knaack

Outline

Introduction to release procedures

Goal

Origin of data

Structure of data

Common features of release procedures

Overview of common structures

Use of nuclide vectors (or isotopic vectors)

Features to be compared

Comparison of features

Documentation

Storage after release

Conclusion

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Dr. M. Knaack

Goal

The goal is to study the free release procedures in different countries

Consequence:

Features, which are not common in the countries or which are

already part of the policy, will not be considered in the study

• Restricted release

• By-case clearance

Also not in comparision is the french zoning concept

since this concept is like a by-case clearance

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Dr. M. Knaack

Clearance

Residue

Clearance Radioactive

Waste

Treatment

(final)

repository

Conventional

disposal

Recycling /

Reuse

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Clearance: Reduction of Waste

The release of radioactive

residue from control

significantly reduces the

amount of radioactive

waste

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Dr. M. Knaack

Introduction: Origin of data

The facts are based on

Research on legislation

Publically available reports on decommissioning of certain projects

and on clearance

Discussions with ministries, inspection bodies and operators

Experience.

(in that order)

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Dr. M. Knaack

Introduction: structure of data

Legal Provisions Experience

Germany:

Materials

Buildings

Sites ( )

Belgium

Materials

Buildings

Sites ( )

Denmark

Materials ( )

Buildings ( )

Sites ( )

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Dr. M. Knaack

Common features of release procedures I

Application for

clearance

Review of

application

and granting

authorization

•Physical, chemical,

radiological properties

•…

Compilation of

/ application

for

measurement

scheme

Perform

measurement

according to

approved

scheme

Are

clearance

levels and

clearance

criteria

complied

with ?

Yes

Measurement scheme

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Dr. M. Knaack

Common features of release procedures II

Operator declares

conformity of material

to be released with

clearance levels


Removal from site

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Dr. M. Knaack

Formal interactions

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Dr. M. Knaack

Measurement and isotopic vector

Nuclide activity can be expressed as

Some nuclides are “easy-to-measure”

(ETM)

Co-60, Cs-137, Ce-144 and Sb-125.

Many others are “difficult-to-measure”

(DTM)

Ni-63, I-129, …

One finds heuristically that the specific

activities of the activation products are

not independent from one another,

therefore e.g.

Similar, fission products:

,NcA

mN

N

N ...

1

6063 CoNi aa

137129 CsI aa

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Dr. M. Knaack

Measurement and isotopic vector

Therefore, the activities of all activation and fission products can be

inferred from the activities of the “key nuclides” (e.g. Co-60 and Cs-

137)

One can make use of this isotopic vector when performing the

clearance measurements:

Measurement of a few key nuclides

Correlate their activities to the rest of the DTM nuclides

Clearance monitors make use of the fact that

In general, Therefore, the clearance

monitor has to be calibrated for each new sort of material to be

released.

Calibration: Determine the proportionality factor

ETMAR

))(,,,( rAZVRR

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Dr. M. Knaack

Features to be compared

Relevant norms for clearance measurement

Clearance levels (surface, mass specific)

Level of documentation (see later)

Compliance to transport regulations

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Dr. M. Knaack

Comparison: Clearance of materials

Belgium Germany Denmark

Relevant norms

for clearance

measurement

ISO 11929 for decision

thresholds and detection

limits

DIN 25457 part 1 (to be

replaced by ISO 11929)

DIN 25482 series for decision


limits

The publication by Lloyd A.

Currie, Limits for qualitative

detection and quantitative

determination. Application to

radiochemistry, Anal. Chem.

40, 586-593 (1968) is

alluded to.

Clearance levels Mass specific: ARBIS, based

on RP 112 part I

Mass specific AND surface

specific (if applicable),

Mass specific: IAEA RS-G-1.7

Surface specific: RP 113

Compliance to

transport

regulations

If materials are to be

manipulated, surface

contamination levels of

ADR/RID

None if released unknown / not required

Comparison of key features in the release procedures of different countries.

Here: release of materials

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Dr. M. Knaack

Comparison: Clearance of buildings


Relevant norms

for clearance

measurement



limits

DIN 25457 part 7



limits

unknown / not required

Clearance levels Mass specific: ARBIS, based

on RP 112 part I

Mass specific, but projection

onto surface possible


Compliance to

transport

regulations

N/A N/A N/A, as sites are reused


Here: release of sites

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Dr. M. Knaack

Comparison: Clearance of sites


Relevant norms

for clearance

measurement



limits

DIN 25457 part 6



limits

The publication by Lloyd A.

Currie, Limits for qualitative

detection and quantitative

determination. Application to

radiochemistry, Anal. Chem.

40, 586-593 (1968) is alluded

to.

Clearance levels Surface specific: ADR/RID

Mass specific: ARBIS, based

on RP 112 part I

Surface specific, RPO (based

on RP 113)


Compliance to

transport

regulations

If materials are to be

manipulated, surface

contamination levels of

ADR/RID

None if released N/A, as buildings are reused


Here: release of buildings

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Dr. M. Knaack

Conclusion: comparison

Clearance levels differ from country to country

For decision thresholds and detection limits: ISO 11929 is (or will

be) the standard

Transport: Since clearance levels are not surface specific in all

countries, in some cases the ADR/RID has to be applied

separately

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Dr. M. Knaack

Documentation

Documentation serves three purposes:

1. To establish a procedure which can be assayed and assessed, and, upon

authorization, is used as a safeguard from mistakes: accountability

2. To inform the relevant parties (ministries etc.) on the amount of material that is

released: traceability

3. To easily assess whether or not material can be released: safety

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Dr. M. Knaack

Documentation

Belgium Germany

Application for

clearance

•The scope of application, in particular the properties which the waste to be released

has to comply with and the expected isotopic vector;

•The manner in which the solid waste is to be treated;

•The possible destination of the released and non-released waste;

•The organization of the release storage;

•The measurement scheme;

•The operational clearance levels, and the demonstration that they comply with the

regulatory clearance levels;

•The tasks and responsibilities of the affected services and personnel.

Description of the material that is to be released

Description of the procedure, which contains the individual

steps from the initial characterization to the declaration of

compliance

A master-checklist that includes recurring activities, such as

definition of nuclide vector, identification of key nuclide, … and

which includes breakpoints for the involvement of the

competent authorities and independent experts.

Template form for the application of the release of a batch

Specification for the measurements, justification for the

selection of the measurements

Standard operating procedures, which details the organizational

structure, the compilation of the documentation, procedure for

change requests and rules for notification

Estimation of the amount of material

Documentation

before release

•Physical and chemical properties,

•Operational history

•Possible distribution of the radionuclides (contamination and/or specific activity

•If present, initial characterization

•The description of an isotopic vector;

•Determine the reference nuclides during the calibration of the measurement

devices;

•Determine the operational clearance levels, taking into account the summation rule.

Documentation

after release

•Mass of the batch,

•Volume,

•Date of measurement

•Release procedure,

•Measurement scheme.

•ID, e.g. batch number

•Release pathway and administrative clearance act

•Kind of material, amount, mass, and origin

•Isotopic vector, nuclides

•Specific activity, surface contamination

•Averaging area and mass

•Applied measurements and results

•Clearance checklist

•Time and content of declaration of compliance

•Should the case arise, Expert advice, results of his control

measurement

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Dr. M. Knaack

Comparison of documentation

Belgium Germany

Application for clearance •The scope of application, in particular

the properties which the waste to be

released has to comply with and the

expected isotopic vector;

•The measurement scheme;

•The tasks and responsibilities of

the affected services and personnel.

Description of the material that is to

be released

Description of the procedure, which

contains the individual steps from

the initial characterization to the

declaration of compliance

Standard operating procedures,

which details the organizational

structure, the compilation of the

documentation, procedure for

change requests and rules for

notification

Estimation of the amount of

material

Documentation before

release

•Physical and chemical properties,

•Possible distribution of the

radionuclides (contamination and/or

specific activity

•The description of an isotopic

vector;

Documentation after

release

•Mass of the batch,

•Volume,

•Results

•Kind of material, amount, mass,

and origin

•Applied measurements and results

•Isotopic vector, nuclides

•Specific activity, surface

contamination

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Dr. M. Knaack


To prevent inadvertent dilution, it is necessary to store the goods to

be released in separate utility spaces

Substances intended for a clearance pursuant to shall be collected

and stored separately to avoid contamination.

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Dr. M. Knaack

Conclusion

Clearance policies concerning materials, buildings and sites in

Belgium, Germany and Denmark have been reviewed

We find that there are legal deficiencies concerning the clearance

of buildings and sites in Belgium and Denmark

We find many similarities in the clearance policies with a possible

exception to Denmark, mainly due to lack of formal requirements.

From the similarities, a release procedure for other countries could

be established.

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Dr. M. Knaack

Release: Belgium

Yes

No

Compile release procedure, have approval from Health Physics De-partment approved by Bel V

Submit to the FANC for information

For material originating from a NPP or re-search reactor to be dismantled, license

for clearance is always necessary (art. 17 ARBIS)

Does approved release procedure already exist

for the type of mate-rials to be released?

Scope of application

Measurement procedure

Operational history

Physical and chemical properties etc.

Compile certificate of origin • Physical and chemical properties,

Compile measurement proce-dure which complies with ap-proved release procedure

Perform two independent measurements

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Dr. M. Knaack

Release: Belgium

Information

See art. 18 ARBIS

First batch ?

Are clearance le-vels and clearance criteria complied

with ?

Compile release folder (based on

certificate of origin), includes results

Approval of release folder by Health Phys-ics Service

Release storage

Have approval con-firmed by Bel V

Release inventory Removal from site

Yes

No

Yes

No

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Dr. M. Knaack

Release: Germany

Operator applies for an administrative clearance act

Application:

Clearance procedure

Clearance criteria

Procedures for clearance measurements

Licensing authority issues administrative clearance act with procedures and criteria as specified in application

Operator applies for a specific clearance ‘campaign’ , e.g. 100 t of scrap metal

Supervisory authority checks principal agreement between application for campaign and the administrative clearance act. Contacts authority responsible for recycling company.

Administrative clearance act:

Clearance procedure

Clearance criteria

Procedures for clearance measurements

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Dr. M. Knaack

Release: Germany

Supervisory authority approves the campaign

Operator compiles documentation

Supervisory authority checks application for the batch to be released and approves application

Documentation on:

Material to be released

Isotopic vector

Activity

Procedure for the clearance

measurements … Operator completes clearance measurements for materials approved of above and in agreement with the administrative clearance act

Operator declares conformity of material to be released with clearance levels

Operator yields the released material to recycling company

Operator signs off campaign. After last campaign operator submits a final report

Are clearance levels and

clearance criteria complied with ?

Yes

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Dr. M. Knaack

Release: Denmark

Compile release procedure which will be accredited by DANAK and audited by DANAK

Clearance Levels are given by authority in the permit / license for decommissioning. The levels are those recommended in IAEA RS-G-1.7 for mass-specific clearance levels and EU RP 113 for surface-specific clearance levels.

For material originating from a nuclear facility on Risø site a license for decommissioning and clearance is necessary.

Are the procedures for clearance

measurements accredited by

DANAK?

Compile measurement procedure which complies with accredited release procedure

Yes

No

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Release: Denmark

Try decontamination or go to radioactive waste

Perform measurements

Are the measurement

remain under the clearance levels?

Approval of release by Clearance Function

Transfer to the „white store”(only for cleared items)

Removal from site with the conventional waste stream

Yes

No

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Dr. M. Knaack

Flowchart of release

of materials

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Dr. M. Knaack

Thank´s for your attention!

and to my collegue Dr. Philipp Harding for collecting, editing and preparing the data

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Practice of Release / Reuse of Materials - International … · 2012-12-27 · Practice of Release...

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