Practice Quizzes - Test 1 (Ch 1-5)

Chapter 1

Question1 Marks: 1

____ are the units of heredity.

Choose one answer.

a. Cells

b. Genes

c. Chromosomes

d. Pedigrees

Correct

Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question2 Marks: 1

Which of the following is the genetic material of cells?

Choose one answer.

a. DNA

b. RNA

c. protein

d. It has not been identified.

Correct


Question3 Marks: 1

The field of genetics that studies the interactions of many genes is called ____.

Choose one answer.

a. proteomics

b. genomics

c. genetic counseling

d. karyotype analysis

Correct


Question4 Marks: 1

Which of the following is not a potential use for results of genetic testing?

Choose one answer.

a. to detect genes that affect addictive behavior

b. to diagnose and treat cancer

c. to indicate which types of infections a patient is most susceptible to, and which

antibiotics will most effectively treat them

d. All of the above are potential uses of genetic testing.

Correct


Question5 Marks: 1

Variants of genes are called ____, and these arise by a process called ____.

Choose one answer.

a. alleles; mutation

b. cells; mutation

c. recessives; differentiation

d. chromosomes; mitosis

Correct


Question6 Marks: 1

A variant in a sequence of DNA that is present in at least 1% of a population is called a ______.

Choose one answer.

a. gene

b. allele

c. autosome

d. polymorphism

Correct


Question7 Marks: 1

A human female has ____ pairs of autosomes and ____ sex chromosomes.

Choose one answer.

a. 23; XX

b. 23; X

c. 22; XX

d. 22; XY

Correct


Question8 Marks: 1

Linda and Ben request prenatal genetic testing to determine if their unborn child has Down syndrome. Cells are collected from the fetus and the chromosomes are examined in a ____ analysis.

Choose one answer.

a. pedigree

b. karyotype

c. multifactorial

d. Mendelian

Correct


Question9 Marks: 1

A gene may have many alleles, but each individual has only two alleles because _____.

Choose one answer.

a. having more than two alleles is lethal

b. having more than two alleles unbalances the chromosomes

c. a person has two parents who each contribute one allele

d. a backup set of alleles is necessary in case something goes wrong

Correct


Question10 Marks: 1

The ____ refers to the underlying instructions in an individual (alleles present), while the ____ is the visible trait, biochemical change, or effect on health (alleles expressed).

Choose one answer.

a. phenotype; karyotype

b. karyotype; phenotype

c. genotype; autosome

d. genotype; phenotype

Correct


Question11 Marks: 1

All the alleles in a population constitute the _____.

Choose one answer.

a. chromosome complement

b. karyotype

c. gene pool

d. allele group

Correct


Question12 Marks: 1

Which of the following statements is true regarding genomes?

Choose one answer.

a. Humans and chimpanzees share about 50% of their DNA sequences.

b. Comparisons of people at the genome level reveal that we are much more alike genetically

than are other mammals.

c. The more different DNA sequences of two species are to one another, the more recently two

species diverged from a single ancestor.

d. All of the above are true regarding genomes.

Correct


Question13 Marks: 1

Traits determined by one or more genes and by the environment are called _____.

Choose one answer.

a. genetically determined

b. Mendelian traits

c. polymorphisms

d. multifactorial

Correct


Question14 Marks: 1

A transgenic organism has _____.

Choose one answer.

a. no genes at all

b. a gene or genes from a different species

c. a dominant phenotype

d. had its genome sequenced

Correct


Question15 Marks: 1

The technique of ____ attempts to correct certain genetic disorders.

Choose one answer.

a. karyotype analysis

b. risk assessment

c. genomics

d. gene therapy

Correct


Question16 Marks: 1

DNA profiling can be used to _____.

Choose one answer.

a. identify remains of individuals

b. overturn convictions of innocent people

c. determine family relationships

d. All of the above

Correct


Question17 Marks: 1

____ is the use of organisms to produce goods or services.

Choose one answer.

a. Pedigree analysis

b. DNA profiling

c. Biotechnology

d. Genetic counseling

Correct


Question18 Marks: 1

Organisms altered to have new genes or to over- or underexpress their own genes are termed _____.

Choose one answer.

a. gene therapy

b. DNA profiling

c. genetically modified (GM) organisms

d. karyotype analysis

Correct


Question19 Marks: 1

In metagenomics, DNA is collected from habitats and used to reconstruct _____.

Choose one answer.

a. karyotypes

b. ecosystems

c. gene therapy

d. multifactorial traits

Correct


Question20 Marks: 1

____, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule whose building block sequence encodes the information that a cell uses to construct a particular protein.

Choose one answer.

a. RNA

b. Gene pool

c. Karyotype

d. DNA

Correct


Question21 Marks: 1

A ____ allele exerts an effect when present in just one copy, while a ____ allele exerts an effect only when present in two copies.

Choose one answer.

a. autosomal; sex

b. somatic; germline

c. polygenic; multifactorial

d. dominant; recessive

Correct


Question22 Marks: 1

The normal human karyotype has a total of ____ chromosomes.

Choose one answer.

a. 44

b. 46

c. 22

d. 23

Correct


Question23 Marks: 1

A pedigree is a diagram used to follow the inheritance pattern of a trait in a _____.

Choose one answer.

a. cell

b. chromosome

c. family

d. genome

Correct


Question24 Marks: 1

The expression of different subsets of genes drives the ____, or specialization, of distinctive cell types.

Choose one answer.

a. differentiation

b. death

c. reproduction

d. mutation

Correct


Chapter 2

Question1 Marks: 1

Cells that replicate themselves and generate differentiated cells when they divide are called _____.

Choose one answer.

a. prokaryotes

b. eukaryotes

c. bacteria

d. stem cells

Correct


Question2 Marks: 1

Which of the three domains of life consist of prokaryotes?

Choose one answer.

a. Archaea and Bacteria

b. Eukarya and Bacteria

c. Eukarya and Archaea

d. Eukarya only

Correct


Question3 Marks: 1

The cells of organisms in which domains of life contain ribosomes?

Choose one answer.

a. Archaea

b. Bacteria

c. Eukarya

d. All of the above

Correct


Question4 Marks: 1

Organelles are found in which domain(s) of life?

Choose one answer.

a. Archaea

b. Bacteria

c. Eukarya

d. All of the above

Correct


Question5 Marks: 1

All ____ share features that enable them to perform the basic life functions: reproduction, growth, response to stimuli, and energy use.

Choose one answer.

a. genes

b. alleles

c. chromosomes

d. cells

Correct


Question6 Marks: 1

Most enzymes belong to what type of macromolecule?

Choose one answer.

a. carbohydrates

b. proteins

c. lipids

d. nucleic acids

Correct


Question7 Marks: 1

Which of the following pairs a genetic disorder with the incorrect defective macromolecule or essential nutrient?

Choose one answer.

a. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome - nucleic acids

b. maple syrup urine disease - minerals

c. familial hypercholesterolemia - lipids

d. lactose intolerance - carbohydrate

Correct


Question8 Marks: 1

Organelles called ____ provide energy by breaking down nutrients from foods.

Choose one answer.

a. endoplasmic reticulum

b. mitochondria

c. peroxisomes

d. Golgi bodies

Correct


Question9 Marks: 1

A child is taken to the doctor with the following symptoms: low blood sugar, skin darkening, muscle weakness, and irregular heartbeat. The doctor concludes that the child has adrenoleukodystrophy and the symptoms arise from the accumulation of very-long-chain fatty acids in the cells of the brain and spinal cord. This inborn error of metabolism is caused by an enzyme absent from which organelle?

Choose one answer.

a. nucleus

b. mitochondrion

c. lysosome

d. peroxisome

Correct


Question10 Marks: 1

Tay-Sachs disease results from the absence of a particular enzyme found in ____. The absent enzyme normally breaks down lipids in the cells that surround nerve cells; as a result, the nervous system becomes buried in lipid.

Choose one answer.

a. endoplasmic reticulum.

b. mitochondria

c. lysosomes

d. Golgi bodies

Correct


Question11 Marks: 1

After treatment of ___________, one would find high levels of copper in the urine of the individual.

Choose one answer.

a. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

b. maple syrup urine disease

c. Wilson disease

d. biotinidase deficiency

Correct


Question12 Marks: 1

Secretion begins when the body sends a biochemical message to a cell to begin producing a particular substance. In response to the stimulus, information in certain genes is copied into molecules of ____, which directs the manufacture of ____.

Choose one answer.

a. mRNA; proteins

b. tRNA; proteins

c. tRNA; mRNA

d. mRNA; tRNA

Correct


Question13 Marks: 1

Which of the following statements about membrane proteins is true?

Choose one answer.

a. They are important in a cell's interactions with other cells.

b. They can cluster on "lipid rafts" that float on the phospholipid bilayer.

c. They can form channels for ions.

d. All of the above

Correct


Question14 Marks: 1

Glycolipids and glycoproteins are assembled in the _____.

Choose one answer.

a. lysosome

b. nucleus

c. mitochondria

d. Golgi apparatus

Correct


Question15 Marks: 1

Which of the following is part of the cytoskeleton of a cell?

Choose one answer.

a. intermediate filaments

b. microtubules

c. microfilaments

d. All of the above

Correct


Question16 Marks: 1

Which inherited disease is caused by faulty ion channels?

Choose one answer.

a. cystic fibrosis

b. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

c. adrenoleukodystrophy

d. maple syrup urine disease

Correct


Question17 Marks: 1

A replicated chromosome consists of two very long strands of identical chromosomal material called _____.

Choose one answer.

a. telomeres

b. chromatids

c. centromeres

d. genes

Correct


Question18 Marks: 1

During the ____ phase of the cell cycle, the cell replicates its entire genome.

Choose one answer.

a. gap 1 (G1)

b. gap 2 (G2)

c. S

d. mitosis

Correct


Question19 Marks: 1

During ____, chromosomes attach to the spindle at their centromeres and align along the center of the cell called the equator.

Choose one answer.

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Correct


Question20 Marks: 1

During ____, replicated chromosomes condense, the spindle forms, and the nuclear membrane breaks down.

Choose one answer.

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Correct


Question21 Marks: 1

During ____, the centromeres part, releasing one chromatid from each pair, which move to opposite ends of the cell.

Choose one answer.

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Correct


Question22 Marks: 1

Chromosome tips, or ____, function like a cellular fuse that burns down as pieces are lost from the end; 50 to 200 endmost bases are lost at each mitosis, gradually shortening the chromosome. Mitosis stops once a critical length of DNA is lost.

Choose one answer.

a. chromatids

b. centromeres

c. centrioles

d. telomeres

Correct


Question23 Marks: 1

Syndactyly is a failure of ____ to fully separate the digits.

Choose one answer.

a. apoptosis

b. membrane proteins

c. cytokinesis

d. mitosis

Correct


Question24 Marks: 1

Which factors influence cell division?

Choose one answer.

a. crowding

b. growth hormones

c. cyclins

d. All of the above influence cell division.

Correct


Question25 Marks: 1

____ assist(s) cell movement of white blood cells.

Choose one answer.

a. Signal transduction

b. Prions

c. Cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs)

d. Peroxisomes

Correct


Question26 Marks: 1

During ____, molecules on the plasma membrane assess, transmit, and amplify incoming messages to the cell's interior.

Choose one answer.

a. signal transduction

b. apoptosis

c. cytokinesis

d. transcription

Correct


Question27 Marks: 1

Which is true of progenitor cells?

Choose one answer.

a. Progenitor cells are less specialized than stem cells.

b. Progenitor cells are totipotent.

c. Progenitor cells are more specialized than stem cells.

d. Progenitor cells divide to form unspecialized stem cells.

Correct


Question28 Marks: 1

____ retain the ability to specialize in particular ways in response to signals.

Choose one answer.

a. Organelles

b. Eukaryotic cells

c. Cell membranes

d. Stem cells

Correct


Question29 Marks: 1

The ____ is the site where ribosomes are produced.

Choose one answer.

a. mitochondrion

b. nucleolus

c. cell membrane

d. endoplasmic reticulum.

Correct


Question30 Marks: 1

The ____ is a membrane network extending from the nucleus that is the site of protein and lipid synthesis and protein folding.

Choose one answer.

a. Golgi apparatus

b. mitochondrion

c. endoplasmic reticulum

d. lysosome

Correct


Question31 Marks: 1

Found at the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, ____ are the site of protein synthesis.

Choose one answer.

a. ribosomes

b. lysosomes

c. peroxisomes

d. vitamins

Correct


Question32 Marks: 1

The ____ is a sac that contains digestive enzymes used for degrading debris and recycling cell contents.

Choose one answer.

a. Golgi apparatus

b. cell membrane

c. endoplasmic reticulum

d. lysosome

Correct


Question33 Marks: 1

The functions of the cytoskeleton include each of the following items EXCEPT:

Choose one answer.

a. maintains cell shape.

b. transports organelles.

c. moves chromosomes.

d. protects the cell from toxin damage.

Correct


Chapter 3

Question1 Marks: 1

One human ejaculation delivers ____ sperm.

Choose one answer.

a. about 200 thousand

b. about 200 million

c. about 200 billion

d. an unknown quantity

Correct


Question2 Marks: 1

Male gametes originate in ____ within the ____. They pass through the ____ and ____, where they mature before exiting the body.

Choose one answer.

a. seminiferous tubules; ovaries; epididymis; fallopian tubes

b. vas deferens; seminiferous tubules; testes; penis

c. seminiferous tubules; testes; epididymis; vas deferens

d. epididymis; ovaries; vas deferens; testes

Correct


Question3 Marks: 1

The formation of a fertilized ovum usually occurs in the _____.

Choose one answer.

a. cervix

b. uterine tube

c. ovaries

d. placenta

Correct


Question4 Marks: 1

Gametes, such as egg and sperm, are ____, which means that they have only one of each type of chromosome.

Choose one answer.

a. monoploid

b. haploid

c. diploid

d. triploid

Correct


Question5 Marks: 1

A diploid cell containing eight chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes are present in the cell after meiosis I?

Choose one answer.

a. 2

b. 4

c. 8

d. 16

Correct


Question6 Marks: 1

A diploid cell containing eight chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes are present in the cell after meiosis II?

Choose one answer.

a. 2

b. 4

c. 8

d. 16

Correct


Question7 Marks: 1

Genetic variability arises during meiosis from _____.

Choose one answer.

a. crossing over

b. independent assortment

c. random alignment of chromosomes at metaphase

d. all of the above

Correct


Question8 Marks: 1

Are the sister chromatids of a chromosome necessarily identical at the beginning of metaphase I of meiosis?

Choose one answer.

a. Yes, sister chromatids are always identical structures.

b. No, sister chromatids belong to different chromosomes and may be different from each

other.

c. No, crossing over could generate differences.

d. Maybe, it varies from cell division to cell division.

Correct


Question9 Marks: 1

Crossing over occurs during _____.

Choose one answer.

a. interphase

b. prophase I of meiosis I

c. prophase II of meiosis II

d. metaphase I of meiosis I

Correct


Question10 Marks: 1

During oogenesis,_____.

Choose one answer.

a. a female will always produce four polar bodies

b. the first polar body is diploid, while the others are haploid

c. meiosis will be completed only if fertilization occurs

d. several primary oocytes will complete meiosis I each cycle

Correct


Question11 Marks: 1

Before birth, a female's million or so oocytes arrest in _____.

Choose one answer.

a. interphase

b. prophase I of meiosis

c. prophase II of meiosis

d. telophase I of meiosis

Correct


Question12 Marks: 1

How many sets of chromosomes are present in a primary oocyte? How many sets of chromosomes are present in the polar body derived from it?

Choose one answer.

a. 2; 1

b. 2; 2

c. 1; 2

d. 1; 1

Correct


Question13 Marks: 1

Which of the following statements about gamete formation is false?

Choose one answer.

a. In females, most of the cytoplasm is concentrated in one huge cell.

b. In males, one primary spermatocyte divides to yield two equal-sized secondary spermatocytes.

c. In males, one secondary spermatocyte divides to yield two equal-sized spermatids.

d. Oogenesis is completed prior to birth.

Correct


Question14 Marks: 1

Meiosis II is completed in a female's oocyte _____.

Choose one answer.

a. prior to birth

b. monthly after puberty

c. upon ovulation

d. upon fertilization

Correct


Question15 Marks: 1

A week after conception, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is secreted by _____.

Choose one answer.

a. the blastomere

b. the morula

c. trophoblast cells

d. the sperm

Correct


Question16 Marks: 1

At what week of development is the term fetus applied?

Choose one answer.

a. the first week

b. the seventh week

c. the ninth week

d. the twenty-second week

Correct


Question17 Marks: 1

Which of the following terms represents the earliest cells of human development, starting about a day after fertilization and up until a solid ball of sixteen or more cells are formed?

Choose one answer.

a. morula

b. gastrula

c. blastomere

d. trophoblast

Correct


Question18 Marks: 1

The ____ is a membrane surrounding the embryo that gives rise to the umbilical blood vessels.

Choose one answer.

a. yolk sac

b. allantois

c. chorionic villi

d. trophoblast

Correct


Question19 Marks: 1

The ____ is composed of specialized ectoderm that develops into the brain and spinal cord.

Choose one answer.

a. notochord

b. primitive streak

c. allantois

d. neural tube

Correct


Question20 Marks: 1

The skin forms from cells of what layer in the gastrula?

Choose one answer.

a. endoderm

b. ectoderm

c. mesoderm

d. inner cell mass

Correct


Question21 Marks: 1

Muscle and connective tissue are derived from the _____.

Choose one answer.

a. endoderm

b. ectoderm

c. mesoderm

d. inner cell mass

Correct


Question22 Marks: 1

Dolly, the sheep, was cloned from _____.

Choose one answer.

a. an embryonic cell

b. a fetal cell

c. a somatic cell

d. an artificial cell

Correct


Question23 Marks: 1

Which of the following would contain identical genetic information?

Choose one answer.

a. monozygotic twins

b. dizygotic twins

c. spermatozoa

d. all of the above

Correct


Question24 Marks: 1

Chemicals or other agents that cause birth defects are called _____.

Choose one answer.

a. transformers

b. carcinogens

c. alterations

d. teratogens

Correct


Question25 Marks: 1

The drug ____ was used to treat morning sickness between 1957 and 1961. Unfortunately, babies born to mothers who used this drug were born with incomplete or missing legs and arms.

Choose one answer.

a. lithium

b. diethylstilbestrol

c. penicillamine

d. thalidomide

Correct


Question26 Marks: 1

The majority of birth defects can be traced to problems that occur during the _____.

Choose one answer.

a. second trimester

b. third trimester

c. embryonic period

d. entire pregnancy

Correct


Question27 Marks: 1

Which of the following is a rapid aging disorder?

Choose one answer.

a. phocomelia

b. pattern baldness

c. segmental progeroid syndromes

d. rubella

Correct


Question28 Marks: 1

Somatic cells are ____ (2n), signifying that they have two copies of the genome.

Choose one answer.

a. gametes

b. haploid

c. diploid

d. gonads

Correct


Question29 Marks: 1

____ describes the type of cell division that halves the number of chromosomes to form haploid gametes.

Choose one answer.

a. Mitosis

b. Cytokinesis

c. Meiosis

d. Cloning

Correct


Question30 Marks: 1

During Meiosis I, ____ align side-by-side along the equator of the cell and are pulled to opposite poles.

Choose one answer.

a. homologous chromosomes

b. sister chromatids

c. spindle fibers

d. nuclei

Correct


Question31 Marks: 1

Comparing mitosis and meiosis, only ____ produces genetically identical daughter cells.

Choose one answer.

a. mitosis

b. meiosis

Correct


Question32 Marks: 1

The ____ is a membrane-covered area on the front end of sperm, which contains enzymes that help the cell penetrate the protective layers around the oocyte.

Choose one answer.

a. amniotic cavity

b. gastrula

c. acrosome

d. placenta

Correct


Chapter 4

Question1 Marks: 1

Mendel's idea that "elementen" separate during gamete formation is called the law of _____.

Choose one answer.

a. particulate inheritance

b. dominance

c. segregation

d. independent assortment

Correct


Question2 Marks: 1

The allele that masks the effects of the other is ____ and the masked allele is ____.

Choose one answer.

a. homozygous; heterozygous

b. homozygous; recessive

c. dominant; recessive

d. dominant; incomplete

Correct


Question3 Marks: 1

True-breeding plants are always _____.

Choose one answer.

a. homozygous for the dominant allele

b. homozygous for the recessive allele

c. heterozygous

d. homozygous

Correct


Question4 Marks: 1

A true-breeding tall plant is crossed to a true-breeding dwarf plant. The offspring in the F1 generation are all tall plants. The F1 generation is then crossed to yield a F2 generation. What is the phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation?

Choose one answer.

a. 1 tall : 1 dwarf

b. 3 tall : 1 dwarf

c. 1 tall : 2 medium : 1 dwarf

d. all tall

Correct


Question5 Marks: 1

Mendel's law of ____ states that a random assortment of maternally and paternally derived chromosomes in meiosis results in gametes that have different combinations of alleles.

Choose one answer.

a. particulate inheritance

b. dominance

c. segregation

d. independent assortment

Correct


Question6 Marks: 1

Mendel's laws are explained by _____.

Choose one answer.

a. chromosome behavior in mitosis

b. chromosome behavior in meiosis

c. cytokinesis in mitosis and meiosis

d. Mendel's laws have not been explained.

Correct


Question7 Marks: 1

Consider a group of 100 individuals (50 couples), all of whom carry a recessive disease allele. If 200 children were born to these couples, what percentage of the children would, theoretically, be heterozygous carriers like their parents?

Choose one answer.

a. 0%

b. 25%

c. 50%

d. 75%

Correct


Question8 Marks: 1

Which genotype is normally not found in a gamete?

Choose one answer.

a. AB

b. Ab

c. aa

d. ab

Correct


Question9 Marks: 1

Which of the following crosses is a test cross?

Choose one answer.

a. unknown x AA

b. unknown x Aa

c. unknown x aa

d. unknown x unknown

Correct


Question10 Marks: 1

What term describes the most common expression of a particular allele combination in a population?

Choose one answer.

a. dominant

b. recessive

c. genotype

d. wild type

Correct


Question11 Marks: 1

A test cross is conducted between an individual with a dominant phenotype, but unknown genotype, and a homozygous recessive individual. The phenotypes of the offspring are 50% dominant and 50% recessive. What was the genotype of the unknown parent?

Choose one answer.

a. homozygous dominant

b. homozygous recessive

c. heterozygous

d. All of the above are possible.

Correct


Question12 Marks: 1

Kathy's brother has cystic fibrosis. Her husband has no family history of CF. What is the chance that Kathy's child has inherited the cystic fibrosis allele and is a carrier of the CF mutation?

Choose one answer.

a. 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4

b. 1/3 x 1/2 = 1/6

c. 2/3 x 1/4 = 1/6

d. 2/3 x 1/2 = 1/3

Correct


Question13 Marks: 1

The occurrence of affected individuals in every generation in a family suggests ____ trait.

Choose one answer.

a. an autosomal dominant

b. an autosomal recessive

c. either dominant or recessive

d. sex-linked

Correct


Question14 Marks: 1

Which of the following incorrectly identifies the mode of inheritance for the given genetic disease?

Choose one answer.

a. Tay-Sachs disease - recessive

b. cystic fibrosis - recessive

c. Huntington disease - dominant

d. sickle cell - dominant

Correct


Question15 Marks: 1

Consider an autosomal dominant trait. If an unaffected parent and an affected heterozygous parent are expecting, what is the chance of them having an unaffected child?

Choose one answer.

a. 0%

b. 25%

c. 50%

d. 100%

Correct


Question16 Marks: 1

Two phenotypically normal individuals have an affected child. What can we conclude about the parents?

Choose one answer.

a. They both carried the disease allele.

b. They are not the parents of the child.

c. They are affected.

d. No conclusions can be drawn.

Correct


Question17 Marks: 1

Relatives who have children together have a much higher risk of having children affected by a ____ condition.

Choose one answer.

a. environmental

b. dominant

c. recessive

d. pedigree

Correct


Question18 Marks: 1

The ____ rule of probability is useful in calculating the risk that certain individuals will inherit a particular genotype.

Choose one answer.

a. product

b. summation

c. additive

d. None of the above is correct.

Correct


Question19 Marks: 1

Achondroplasia is a dominant form of dwarfism. Two affected individuals have a ____ chance of having an unaffected child.

Choose one answer.

a. 0%

b. 25%

c. 50%

d. 75%

Correct


Question20 Marks: 1

An adult sibling of a person who is a known carrier of Tay-Sachs disease has a ____ chance of being a carrier. Note that a homozygous recessive individual does not survive childhood.

Choose one answer.

a. 1/4

b. 1/2

c. 1/3

d. 2/3

Correct


Question21 Marks: 1

Recessive alleles _____.

Choose one answer.

a. appear to skip generations

b. have disorders that are typically more severe

c. produce symptoms at earlier ages

d. All of the above

Correct


Question22 Marks: 1

Which of the following is a characteristic of an autosomal dominant trait?

Choose one answer.

a. both males and females may be affected

b. males and females transmit the disease with equal frequency

c. successive generations are affected

d. all of the above

Correct


Question23 Marks: 1

In the cross AaBb x aabb, what percentage of the offspring are expected to show a dominant phenotype for both traits?

Choose one answer.

a. 0%

b. 25%

c. 50%

d. 100%

Correct


Question24 Marks: 1

Two genes on the same chromosome can appear to assort independently if _____.

Choose one answer.

a. they are located very far apart from each other

b. they both display autosomal recessive inheritance

c. they both display autosomal dominant inheritance

d. the individual is heterozygous for both genes

Correct


Question25 Marks: 1

Can independent assortment be demonstrated in a monohybrid cross?

Choose one answer.

a. Yes, you can observe random distribution of alleles into gametes.

b. Yes, you can observe random assortment of genes into gametes.

c. No, you must observe genes that are on the same chromosome.

d. No, you must examine the transmission of two or more genes.

Correct


Question26 Marks: 1

Which of the following is an example of a cross between two dihybrids?

Choose one answer.

a. AaBb x aabb

b. AaBb x AaBb

c. aabb x AABB

d. aabb x aabb

Correct


Question27 Marks: 1

Which of the following phenotypic results is expected from a cross between two dihybrids?

Choose one answer.

a. 1:1:1:1 ratio

b. 9:3:3:1 ratio

c. all dominant for both traits

d. all recessive for both traits

Correct


Question28 Marks: 1

Mendel's ____ states that for two genes on different chromosomes, the inheritance of one does not influence the chance of inheritance for the other.

Choose one answer.

a. law of segregation

b. law of consanguinity

c. principle of a test cross

d. law of independent assortment

Correct


Question29 Marks: 1

Albinism is an autosomal recessive trait. Two carriers of albinism have four children. One of their children is albino and the remaining three are normally pigmented. What is the probability that their next child will be albino?

Choose one answer.

a. 0%

b. 25%

c. 75%

d. 100%

Correct


Question30 Marks: 1

Family relationships are displayed using _____.

Choose one answer.

a. Punnett squares

b. dihybrid crosses

c. pedigrees

d. karyotypes

Correct


Question31 Marks: 1

A diploid individual with two identical alleles of a gene is ____, while a ____ has two different alleles of a gene.

Choose one answer.

a. homozygous; heterozygote

b. homozygous; recessive

c. dominant; recessive

d. dominant; incomplete

Correct


Question32 Marks: 1

A ____ can be used to follow the transmission of alleles and is based on probability. It represents how particular genes in gametes come together, assuming they are carried on different chromosomes.

Choose one answer.

a. Punnett square

b. genotype

c. phenotype

d. karyotype

Correct


Question33 Marks: 1

In pea plants, tall is dominant to short. Which of the following would be the genotype of a heterozygous tall plant?

Choose one answer.

a. TT

b. Tt

c. tt

d. AT

Correct


Question34 Marks: 1

Sickle cell anemia is a recessive trait. A woman with sickle cell anemia disease has a child with a homozygous normal man (with no family history of sickle cell disease). What is the probability that this couple will have a homozygous normal child?

Choose one answer.

a. 0%

b. 25%

c. 75%

d. 100%

Correct


Question35 Marks: 1

True or False. A pedigree can be inconclusive.

Choose one answer.

a. True.

b. False.

Correct


Chapter 5

Question1 Marks: 1

In familial hypercholesterolemia, individuals homozygous for the allele causing the disorder completely lack receptors on liver cells that take up cholesterol from the blood stream. Heterozygotes have one-half the number of receptors while individuals homozygous for the normal allele are phenotypically normal. This is an example of _____.

Choose one answer.

a. complete dominance

b. codominance

c. incomplete dominance

d. epistasis

Correct


Question2 Marks: 1

The gene A exhibits incomplete dominance. What can we expect about the offspring from the mating of two heterozygotes?

Choose one answer.

a. a 3:1 phenotypic ratio

b. phenotypic ratios that match the genotypic ratios

c. a 2:1 phenotypic ratio

d. an equal number of homozygous dominant phenotypes as intermediate phenotypes

Correct


Question3 Marks: 1

In humans, the dominance relationship between the A and B alleles of the ABO blood group gene is an example of _____.

Choose one answer.


b. incomplete dominance

c. codominance

d. epistasis

Correct


Question4

Marks: 1

The relationship of the I and H genes affects the expression of the ABO blood type in the following ways: genotype HH or Hh, AB produces blood type AB while genotype hh, AB produces blood type O. This is an example of _____.

Choose one answer.


b. codominance

c. incomplete dominance

d. epistasis

Correct


Question5 Marks: 1

An environmentally caused trait that appears to be inherited is called a _____.

Choose one answer.

a. pleiotropic gene

b. penetrant gene

c. expressed gene

d. phenocopy

Correct


Question6 Marks: 1

Two albino individuals marry and start a family. Their first child has normal pigmentation. Does this indicate infidelity and why/why not?

Choose one answer.

a. Yes, albinism is recessive and neither parent carries a pigment gene.

b. No, albinism is dominant therefore at least one of the parents is a carrier.

c. No, each parent could have a different gene causing his or her albinism (genetic

heterogeneity).

d. The answer cannot be determined from the limited information given.

Correct


Question7 Marks: 1

Two Mexican hairless dogs are crossed. What ratio of hairy : hairless dogs is expected in the offspring generation?

Choose one answer.

a. 3 hairless : 1 hairy

b. 3 hairy : 1 hairless

c. 2 hairless : 1 hairy

d. cannot be predicted

Correct


Question8 Marks: 1

A woman with type A blood has a child with type A blood. Which of the following men could not be the father of this child?

Choose one answer.

a. A

b. B

c. AB

d. all could be the father

Correct


Question9 Marks: 1

Alleles that are both expressed in a heterozygote are _____.

Choose one answer.

a. completely dominant

b. codominant

c. incompletely dominant

d. epistatic

Correct


Question10 Marks: 1

The Bombay phenotype is a result of ____ interacting genes and is an example of ____.

Choose one answer.

a. 2; complete dominance

b. 2; incomplete dominance

c. 3; incomplete dominance

d. 2; epistasis

Correct


Question11 Marks: 1

Some people with polydactyly do not have any extra digits; some have an extra toe, while others have an extra finger. This situation is an example of a trait that is:

Choose one answer.

a. incompletely penetrant.

b. variably expressive.

c. both a and b

d. neither a nor b

Correct


Question12 Marks: 1

Marfan Syndrome, a dominant single-gene defect, is characterized by lens dislocation, long limbs, spindly fingers, a

caved-in chest, and a weakened aorta. This is an example of a ____ trait.

Choose one answer.

a. multifactorial

b. pleiotropic

c. incompletely dominant

d. phenocopy

Correct


Question13 Marks: 1

When a teratogen causes a birth defect that is similar to a genetic disorder, this is referred to as _____.

Choose one answer.

a. genetic heterogeneity

b. pleiotropy

c. a phenocopy

d. epistasis

Correct


Question14 Marks: 1

A geneticist crosses a plant with red flowers to a plant with white flowers. The offspring include plants with red flowers (1/4), pink flowers (1/2), and white flowers (1/4). Which allele is dominant?

Choose one answer.

a. red

b. white

c. neither, they are incompletely dominant

d. neither, they are codominant

Correct


Question15 Marks: 1

Which of the following blood types is not possible from two parents with type A blood?

Choose one answer.

a. A

b. O

c. B

d. All of the above are possible.

Correct


Question16 Marks: 1

The term that is used to describe the severity or extent of a phenotype in an individual is called _____.

Choose one answer.

a. pleiotropy

b. penetrance

c. expressivity

d. epistasis

Correct


Question17 Marks: 1

Which of the following diseases is an example of a pleiotropic condition?

Choose one answer.

a. cystic fibrosis

b. porphyria variegata

c. Leber optic atrophy

d. familial hypercholesterolemia

Correct


Question18 Marks: 1

All of the following are features of mitochondrial DNA EXCEPT:

Choose one answer.

a. mutates faster than DNA in the nucleus.

b. maternal inheritance.

c. no crossing over.

d. one copy per mitochondrion.

Correct


Question19 Marks: 1

If you examine a pedigree showing the transmission pattern of a mitochondrial gene mutation, which of the following statements would be false?

Choose one answer.

a. Mothers pass the gene to all offspring.

b. Fathers do not transmit the gene.

c. Only females will express the trait.

d. All of the above statements are true.

Correct


Question20 Marks: 1

Only ____ transmit mitochondrial genes. Many mitochondrial disorders are ____, with mitochondria in a cell harboring different alleles.

Choose one answer.

a. males; heteroplasmic

b. males; heteromorphic

c. females; heteromorphic

d. females; heteroplasmic

Correct


Question21 Marks: 1

Diseases resulting from mutations in mitochondrial genes affect _____.

Choose one answer.

a. mitochondrial protein synthesis

b. cellular energy reactions

c. both a and b

d. neither a nor b

Correct


Question22 Marks: 1

You are studying a degenerative condition that appears to be passed on only from the mother of the family. Affected fathers do not pass the trait to the offspring. This suggests that the trait might be _____.

Choose one answer.

a. mitochondrial

b. lethal

c. epistatic

d. incompletely dominant

Correct


Question23 Marks: 1

Consider an organism that is heterozygous for the genes Y and Z. If the two recessive alleles are on one chromosome, the genes are in _____.

Choose one answer.

a. cis

b. trans

c. the parental configuration

d. the recombinant configuration

Correct


Question24 Marks: 1

The first genetic linkage map was constructed in what organism?

Choose one answer.

a. bacteria

b. yeast

c. peas

d. fruit flies

Correct


Question25 Marks: 1

A ____ is a group of genes or DNA sequences that are inherited together on the same chromosome.

Choose one answer.

a. haplotype

b. genotype

c. heteroplast

d. phenotype

Correct


Question26 Marks: 1

Progeny that exhibit a mixing of maternal and paternal alleles on a single chromosome are _____.

Choose one answer.

a. parentals

b. recombinants

c. haplotypes

d. mixed groups

Correct


Question27 Marks: 1

If the percent recombination between A and B is 12, between A and C is 4, and between B and C is 8, then the order of the genes on the chromosome is _____.

Choose one answer.

a. A - B - C

b. B - A - C

c. A - C - B

d. C - B - A

Correct


Question28 Marks: 1

Given the gene sequence ABCDE, crossing over should occur most frequently between _____.

Choose one answer.

a. A - B

b. A - C

c. A - D

d. A - E

Correct


Question29 Marks: 1

A field called ____ matches phenotypes to chromosomal variants.

Choose one answer.

a. linkage maps

b. haplotypes

c. cytogenetics

d. genome wide association studies

Correct


Question30 Marks: 1

____ describe(s) how several allele variants for a particular gene can exist in a given population. For example, for hair color there can be black, brown, red, blond hair, etc.

Choose one answer.

a. Complete dominance

b. Codominance

c. Incomplete dominance

d. Multiple alleles

Correct


Question31 Marks: 1

____ allele combinations cause offspring to die early in development.

Choose one answer.

a. Epistatic

b. Variably expressive

c. Lethal

d. Codominant

Correct


Question32 Marks: 1

____ describes an allele combination in which the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between those of the two homozygotes (for example, pink flowers are intermediate between red flowers and white flowers). The dominant allele does not completely mask the recessive allele.

Choose one answer.


b. Codominance


d. Epistasis

Correct


Question33 Marks: 1

____ describes an allele combination in which the heterozygous phenotype is distinct from, and is not an intermediate between, those of the two homozygotes (for example, AB blood type). Both alleles are equally expressed.

Choose one answer.


b. Codominance


d. Epistasis

Correct


Question34 Marks: 1

A man who is homozygous for type A blood has a child with a woman who is homozygous for type B blood. What is the probability that this child will have type AB blood?

Choose one answer.

a. 0%.

b. 25%

c. 50%

d. 100%

Correct


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Practice Quizzes - Test 1 (Ch 1-5)

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