Practice Workbook This workbook is designed for use in Live instructor-led training and for OnDemand selfstudy. The explanations and demonstrations are provided by the instructor in the classroom, or in the OnDemand eLectures of this course available on the Bentley LEARN Server (learn.bentley.com). This practice workbook is formatted for on-screen viewing using a PDF reader. It is also available as a PDF document in the dataset for this course. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE - Printing for student use is permitted Create 2D Plans from 3D Geometry in a Civil Workflow Note: The exercises are meant to be worked on either in order of exercises in each Practice Workbook or as individual standalone exercises. You can start at any exercise. Within a subdirectory of the dataset called Milestones there are files named for each individual exercise; begin by using that particular file. TRNC01315-1/0001
Transcript
Practice WorkbookThis workbook is designed for use in Live instructor-led training and for OnDemand selfstudy. The explanations and demonstrations are provided by the instructor in the classroom, or in the OnDemand eLectures of this course available on the Bentley LEARN Server (learn.bentley.com).
This practice workbook is formatted for on-screen viewing using a PDF reader. It is also available as a PDF document in the dataset for this course.
DO NOT DISTRIBUTE - Printing for student use is permitted
Create 2D Plans from 3D Geometry in a Civil Workflow
Note: The exercises are meant to be worked on either in order of exercises in each Practice Workbook or as individual standalone exercises. You can start at any exercise. Within a subdirectory of the dataset called Milestones there are files named for each individual exercise; begin by using that particular file.
Save time while learning to master 3D modeling and get results sooner. Do you have a need to show the same geometry and details in several views and currently draw them independent of one another?
This hands-on civil session and master many of the workflows used to produce basic 3D models comprised of Solids, Surfaces and Meshes. Discover basic 3D navigation and create 2D plans from those models. Develop your 3D skills by creating a basic pier cap, foundation and other components to create a preliminary bridge design.
You will develop 2d plan sets and their details from the 3D model. Creating 3D models, generating 2D drawings and details, ensure that you see enough detail to determine if it can be built. Design time is decreased saving you time, money and costly mistakes. Come and see how changes in your design are replicated automatically to the section, elevation or detail. You will place callouts on the 3D model making it more reliable, effective, and valuable providing a clearer picture of the design.
Skills Taught
Develop a set of 2D plans from 3D Geometry
Placement of Detailing Symbols (Plan, Section, Detail)
Construction documents (electronic or paper) are your method of communicating your designs. While they may be 2D in nature, they really represent 3D objects like roads and bridges. Typically this 2D geometry uses orthographic projection and dashed lines to represent hidden features of that 3D object.
Currently you may design in 2D and be very efficient at it. However creating 2D representations of 3D geometry can be troublesome keeping every section, plan and elevation all “sync’d” up.
For example any object drawn at a top view, “folded” down orthogonally to show the front elevation must be drawn two times and if changes are not propagated to both representations, errors will occur.
More over, what if other additional representations of the geometry exist? We can keep it simple, a Section A and a Section B Left Elevation is required. What if there are hundreds not just two?
Are you better off with a quick and efficient design in 2D, generate 4 separate drawings, annotate each and place them onto sheets? Sure you may answer we just leave the dimensions at “TBD” or “NTS”. But the results are drawings that cannot be constructed from.
What if you took the time to create it in 3D space? Its the world we live in, sure, but you may say that it takes more time, and your engineers or yourself can “knock it out in 2D, much faster”.
But if generated in 3D, your 2D construction drawings are just a click away, they can follow your standards much closer than ever before.
Imagine rotating a view, placing an annotation marker for a plan view in 3D space, clicking a button and it creates the plan view, places it on a sheet, hatches or patterns, applies material and lets you quickly “decipher” what geometry is on the Cut, or Forward of it or Back of it.
Let’s start with the last step first. After we have 3D Geometry how do we save time and effort laying out 2D documents? The answer is using Dynamic View technology and creating Hyper-models.
1. Start MicroStation and verify that we are NOT using a specific workspace. In our exercises we will only use the User called Untitled andthe Project of No Project.
2. Open the file Bentmodel.dgn from the project directory.
3. Verify that you are in the correct Model, IntBent should be the active model.
4. Rotate to a Front view by picking Rotate View, set the Method to Front or just select Front View.
5. Next pick Drawing Composition from the Tasks menu. Select Place Plan Callout. Setting the options for Drawing Seed to Plan_Metric_A2.
Note: Currently we are using the untitled workspace, which is few modifications made to what drawing seed is used. This is one areawhere your CADD Manager can customize this to always use the correct Drawing and Sheet seed models. Currently we are usingMicroStation “out of the box”.
6. With AccuDraw enabled, data point above and to the left of the geometry to start our plan annotation and provide a second data point tothe upper right of the geometry to define the end of the plan annotation line. Next moving your mouse down define the depth of the plan.
7. Set the options to match what is shown below and select OK. We will name our new Saved View here as “Partial Plan View Phase I”. We will have a Drawing Model (Top View) created with our geometry referenced at 1:50. We are also placing a graphic representing the
callout. We will choose to NOT define a Sheet Model and ensure that Open Model is on. Our Sheet Model will be created manually in a later step. Remember that in a configured workspace much of this work is or can be done for you.
8. The first thing you notice is we are now in a completely different Model, called Partial Plan View Phase I. The gray background shows thatwe are in a Drawing Model. Verify the correct name by checking the View name or via the Models dialog.
9. From the Primary Tools, select Saved Views. Note the newly created Saved View, the indicator showing the Type which displays that thisis a Plan View. Dismiss the Saved Views dialog when complete.
10. You may also notice the Marker shown, which indicates that this is a Plan View. Using Element Selection with its options set to Individualand New hold your cursor over the Marker to display the Mini toolbar and Select Open Design Model.
These Markers are transient icons that stands out from normal geometry in a model and are easy to recognize. A Marker represents the presence of a saved view, link or markup. When you hold the pointer over a marker, the Mini toolbar for the Marker displays. Our Marker indicates a Plan View, the equivalent of our Top View. From this Marker and its Mini toolbar it is possible to Open the Design Model it was created from, or place this Drawing Model onto a Sheet. The Markers are a View Attribute and their display can be controlled via the View Attributes dialog, where we can turn off or on All Markers or Selectively choose certain ones.
11. We are now back in the original Design Model viewing our newly created Saved View, Partial Plan View Phase I. You will also note thedisplay of the Annotation Plan Callout. The Plan Line itself can be turned off by displaying the Mini toolbar and selecting the icon for ShowCallouts. The icon or Marker can also be turned on or off via our View Attributes.
12. Next Rotate the View to an Isometric View. Note the display of the Plan Callout, it was displayed only as a straight line from the Top View.The key here is callouts can be displayed within the 3D model. The callout itself controls many things, by clicking on the callout, it willdisplay the clip volume. You will see the clip display as dashed lines with handles. Also open View Number 8, and display the DrawingModel “Partial Plan View Phase I” as shown.
13. The clip itself can be modified by selecting the “blue handles” and moving them. The cut plane itself is shown as the dashed plane in themiddle at the very tip of the green arrow. Move the cut plane to above the geometry (displayed left), below the geometry (displayedcenter) and finally on the piers itself (displayed right).
14. Move the Clip Plane to approximately the middle of the bent itself and note the changes to the Saved Views, which in turn is referenced tothe drawing model, this provides instant update of sections, plan and elevations.
15. Dismiss View 8 and pick Models from Primary Tools.
16. Next create a Sheet Model where we will place our sections, elevations and plan views. Pick Create a New Model from the Modelsdialog, ensure the Create Model dialog is filled out as shown below and select OK. The correct Seed Model is important, picking BorderSheet when prompted.
22. You will note that you are now back in the model but also displaying (from the Sheet Model) is the Sheet Annotation. This can becontrolled from the Mini toolbar, by selecting Display Sheet Annotation. Displaying the Sheet Annotation will allow you to see not only themodel and Annotation Callout, but anything in the Sheet Model, such as geometry, dimensions or text. Ensure that Sheet Annotation ison.
Note that Sheet Annotation and Callouts are different.
23. Rotate the view to Top, if not already.
24. Note that the view is displayed via the cut itself, the view displays the Cut and Forward with Back turned off. Go to View Attributes toverify.
25. Pick Elevation Callout from the Drawing Composition Task to create a front elevation. Setting the Drawing Seed to Elevation Metric A2. Set the Height to From Model. Provide a data point in front of the top view facing the direction of elevation towards the cap and pier.
26. Next set the Create Drawing Elevation dialog as shown and select OK.
27. Verify the Front Elevation was created and then change models and enter the model Intermediate Bents our Sheet Model. At this time wecan turn off the Open Model option if prompted.
28. As we did earlier, drag and drop the Drawing Model, Partial Elevation View Phase I onto the View. Select Recommended for theAttachment Method, and place the “Front” Elevation just below our “Top View” as shown.
29. Change Models into the “Top” Saved View, Partial Plan View Phase I and using Linear Dimension, dimension the overall length of the capand from left midpoint to center of each pier as shown.
30. Next return back to the Sheet Model. Using Element Selection data point on the Plan View Annotation Marker as shown.Note the handles
32. Next select the callout for the Front Elevation, Partial Elevation View Phase I and display the Mini toolbar, select Show Callouts to displaythe callout for the Top Plan View displayed now on the Front Elevation.
33. Return back to the InBent Design Model. Note the Markers and Callouts, turn them on as well as turn on Sheet Annotation. No changewill occur turning on the Elevation, but we should now see the sheet and the drawings annotation within the context of the 3D model.
34. Next Rotate the view back to Isometric and note that while in the Design Model you have dynamic views centralized within your 3Dmodel. The purpose being that they are at your control, automatically so that both the drawings in the sheet or drawing models and the3D design model are easy to understand, interpret and update.
35. Rotate back to Top view in the InBent Design Model.
36. Turn off the viewing of the Sheet Annotation (back in the InBent, Design Model, with Partial Plan View Phase I Saved View displayed).
37. Pick from Drawing Composition, Place Section Callout and set the options as follows. We need to create one more section and place it onits own sheet.
38. Select above the pier near the center of the second pier, moving your mouse straight down to define the cut line. Also provide a data pointto define the volume as shown.
39. Fill out the Create Drawing dialog as shown to create a Saved View called Section A, using Section Metric A2 as our Drawing Seed and set the Detail and Annotation Scales to 1:50, Sheet Annotation Scale to 1:1 among other things. Click OK when complete.
Creating 2D from 3D, Navigating Around Your 3D Civil Design
The first step to learning the 3D world in MicroStation is learning how to navigate around that world. All the 2D view controls, such as Fit View, Zoom In and Out, Window Area, and Pan, can be used in 3D. As in 2D, elements to the left, right, above, or below can be excluded from a view by zooming in or windowing so that the elements are outside the view's area. There are also a number of 3D specific viewing tools. 3D views have depth. You can exclude the display of elements located in front of, or behind, an object by applying a Clip Volume or Clip Mask.
1. Begin by starting MicroStation and verify that we are NOT using a specific workspace. In our exercises we will only use the User calledUntitled and the Project of No Project.
2. Open the file Prelim_Pier_Plan.dgn from the project directory. You should be in a View Group called Initial Open in the model Prelim PierDesign.
3. From View Groups, open the View Group, Multiple Views Partial Picture.
Without looking at the View Name which displays the Standard View Name, what exactly are we looking at? Is it displaying the Top, Bottom or a Side View, maybe a rotated view? It is rebar, some piles, bearing seats and beams and other geometry. Are you looking at it from the bottom looking up or from the top looking down?
5. Next open View 4, View 4 provides all the information needed to form the “whole picture”, as it shows the Isometric view. The point is,standard orthographic projection (top, front and side views) may not provide sufficient information to create a mental picture of thegeometry. Each view in turn provides a bit more clarity.
6. Next select from View Groups, open the View Group Multiple Views Total Picture. A clearer picture yet. View 3 is a Front View that uses aClip Volume.
Note that there are eight views available in 2D and in 3D. In the 2D world we work in X and Y coordinate directions, while in 3D we work in an X, Y and Z coordinate direction. All eight of MicroStation’s eight views represented by a 3 Dimensional Cube. The views are aligned with the design cubes X and Y.
8. Select the Fit View in the Wireframe Isometric view and take a moment and note that as in 2D the Fit View tool “fits” the elements in theActive File, References, Raster or All Files associated with the view. On the Tool Settings option note the addition on Expand Clippingplanes. Allowing for the automatic adjustment of the Front and Back clipping planes.
9. In the same Wireframe Isometric View, select Rotate View, with the Method set to Dynamic. In 2D we rotate only the X and Y along a lineperpendicular to it (Z axis). In a 3D model we can rotate by any axis. After selecting the tool we provide a first point and a second pointdefining the amount of rotation. We can also snap to an object to define the center of rotation. Using a Tentative Snap to the midpoint ofthe beam or barrier. Notice the rotation. Any rotation is fine.
10. Note that there are other options including displaying a sphere where a data point within launches the Rotate Command, a point outsidethe sphere will launch a Pan View.
11. In the same Wireframe Isometric View, from the View Tools, Rotate View select Top View.
12. Fit View to View All.
13. Next select Rotate view.
There is a faster way to get to the Rotate View command. Remember that <Shift+XButton1> will launch this same command.
14. There are a eight different standard view orientations that can be selected from the drop down.
15. Now that we have located our area to work, rotated the view approximately where we need it, it becomes time to limit what we see bydefining our clipping planes, defining a Clip Volume. When a clip volume is applied to a view, only elements that are located within the clipvolume will display and can be snapped to in that view. Each view may have a different clip volume applied, since clip volumes are a View
Attribute. Next select the View Group, Clip Volume and select Clip Volume in the Isometric View. Set the options to match what is shown below. This will let us place the clip element relative to the front view. After selecting the command, data point in the view.
16. Note the change in symbology. Display is controlled through View Attributes and View 2 the Isometric view appears initially as shownbelow. What is displayed is our Cutting Plane, shown here as black outlines with some crosshatching. Also displayed are the elementsForward or to the Front of the Cutting Plane, while Back or Behind the Cutting Plane are not displayed. In View Attributes take a momentto turn on and off the 4 options.
17. While there are elements in the design outside the clip volume, they are not displayed, they are turned off in the view. Ensure Forward,Back and Cut are on as shown to the right below.
18. Modify the location of the cut element, its volume and display. Using Element Selection, with its options set to individual and New, datapoint on the rectangular cut. First adjust the location of the cut with the Green Arrow to middle of the pier furthest away by providing a datapoint on the cut, and snapping to the pier near its mid section.
19. Modify the Front and Back Clipping plane to display approximately 8-10’.
22. The display of elements can be changed through the Display Styles used for the Cut, Back, Front and Outside Clip Volumes. Pick ViewAttributes and change the View Attributes to match.
23. Selecting the Clip Volume with Element Selection, right press and hold and select Align View to Clip Volume. This will in effect do thesame as a Front View Rotation.
24. Open View 3 if needed and note the location of the Clip Element.You can turn off the display of the element itself via the View Command,Show or Hide Active Clip Volume. With View 3 open, modify the Clip location to the exact midpoint along the side of the pier. Note that thisis much easier with multiple views open.
25. As we will come back to this, lets pick File > Save Settings.
Using the Display Style as a guide create your own version of the Cut Concrete. As a hint, the hatching/crosshatching, patterning and materials are done via the element having a template assigned, not by the Display Style itself.
Creating 2D from 3D, Basic 3D Solids, Creating a Hammerhead Pier
This exercise presents tools for creating the three parts of a Hammerhead Pier, the foundation itself via a Primitive Solid, the Column as an extruded profile draw on the Solid and finally the Cap drawn as a Profile extruded.
1. Open Prelim_Pier_Plan.dgn from the project directory.
2. Begin in the model Pier Creation Views. Displayed will be four blank views representing Top, Front, Right and an Isometric view.
5. A simple Solid can be placed for the Foundation. Pick Slab Solid from Solids Modeling. Our foundation is 23’X12’X4’ 6”. Fill out the dialogas shown, and provide data points defining the start point of the slab (its origin) at the marker provided the length, the width and theheight. And finally Fit View in all four views.
6. Maximize the Isometric View, we will now create a profile for our column and extrude it. We could use a command called Draw On Solid,but we can also use simple 2D geometry such as Place Block and then extrude it.
We would certainly use Draw on Solid if this Top plane was rotated. Another option is using the Place Slab command again.
Select Place Block. Use AccuDraw to place the Column profile (15’6”X4’6”)inset from the edge of the foundation, 3’9”. Using AccuDrawhold your cursor over the left top corner and set this is the Origin (select “O”). Rotate to a Top View and ensure you are in a RectangularPlane. Provide the 3:9 offset in the X and Y direction. Data Point at this location to begin the profile.
9. Since we need to have a centered profile to extrude, start with Place SmartLine, ensure that Join Elements is on. This is the profile we arecreating for the cap.
12. Next moving your mouse 15.along the X axis, move to the left as show, 15’6”. And moving your cursor up, 6’ in the Y direction, providinga data point at that location. Next Rotate the AccuDraw Compass to the Front View as shown.
13. Keeping AccuDraw rotated to the Front Plane, move your cursor up and type in the distance of 5’ followed by a datapoint.
14. Again keeping AccuDraw rotated to the Front Plane, move your cursor to the left, aligned with the horizontal axis, type a distance of 46.5’and provide a data point as shown.
15. Moving the cursor down, define the distance of 5’ and provide a data point.
18. Currently our cap for our pier is nothing more than a profile. Use the Solid by Extrusion to extrude this from the center for a total of 2.5’ oncenter. Set the following options on the Solid by Extrusion command found on the Solids Modeling Task.
19. The last thing we will do is create the decorative fluting on the column itself. Turn on the level Profile Cut via Level Display.
20. Mirror the Profile to the other side of the column along the top plane.
21. Pick Cut Solid by Curves, setting the direction to Forward, Define Depth and Cut Dept to be 15’, the height of our column. Data point onthe column and then the front facing profile cutting element, and accept with another data point and one final data point to accept.
22. Again Pick Cut Solid by Curves, but set the direction to Back, Define Depth and Cut Dept to be 15’, the height of our column. Data point onthe column and then the back facing profile cutting element, and accept with another data point and one final data point to accept.
23. As of right now the pier is made up of three separate pieces of solids geometry. Select the Unite Solids command, set the Keep Originalsto None, pick the first, second solid, and holding the <CTRL> key down on the keyboard the third solid and accept with a data point. Thiswill unite all three solids as one.
24. Next from the View Attributes set the Display Style to Smooth and rotate the view to view the newly created pier. Note the display of theconcrete material, a result of the application of the template lock on our second step.
Creating 2D from 3D, Creating a Preliminary Pier Plan
After the creation of the piers, bearings, seats, beams or girders and all the other required bridge components it becomes time to create our plan sheets. This exercise will walk through the basic process for creating a Sheet Model, add Sections, Standard Plan views and Details to our Sheet.
1. Open the Prelim_Pier_Plan.dgn from the project directory.
2. Open the View Group, Prelim Pier Design Views Model.
3. Fit the View, to view the entire project, showing the bridge and terrain.
4. Next apply the Saved View, Bridge Section.
This is the first of several views that need to be placed on a plan sheet.
This first Section View, once set up can be preserved by creating a Saved View. To place the views onto a sheet, either reference the view manually or drag and drop the saved view onto the active view.
5. From Models, Create a New Model, using Sheet from Seed, select the Civil SHEETSEED metric.dgn (Border Sheet) from our project training directory. Fill out the Create Model dialog as shown. Pick OK when complete.
6. Fit the View, and open the Saved Views dialog if not already open.
7. Drag and Drop the Bridge Section Saved View onto the view. Attach the reference as Interactive. We needed to change scales or if any other properties, then select Interactive. If no changes then Select Recomended. For our example select Interactice and set Detail Scale to 1:200.
8. Place the attachment in the upper left corner of the sheet. Note the Drawing title.
For the purposes of this class they are a bit larger than normal so that we can see them a bit better. However size, text and the title itself can be changed through the Detailing Symbol Styles in the Active File or DGN Library.
9. Next change the Active Model, to make the Prelim Pier Design our Active Model.
10. Select View Attributes and turn off Clip Volume. Set the Display Style to Wireframe if needed.
Fill out the Create Drawing dialog as shown. We will not be creating a Sheet Model, turn this off. The scale for the Drawing Model will be 1:200 as the scale will not work for our section cut.
22. This of course takes us into the drawing model where we will add the following Linear Dimensions. Use Linear Dimensioning to dimensionas show using the Style called Civil General.
23. Next go back to our Sheet Model, Prelim Bridge Plan, make it active.
30. Next drag and drop the drawing model, Rebar Detail onto our sheet and place it on the right side of the sheet as shown.
31. With Element Selection as the active tool, move your mouse over the Detail Title and wait, you will see a Mini toolbar, select ShowCallouts and you will see the callout appear on the detail. Fit the view to see the line and bubble.
32. Adjust your detail location using Element Selection (and note the detail will automatically update) and align the titles, using move.
Of course keep all geometry within the sheet as shown with the completed sheet below.
