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Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

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O. Schneider 1x , E. Schram 1 , M. Poelman 1 , A. Rothuis 2 , A. van Duijn 3 , H. van der Mheen 1 Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS technologies, the Dutch example 1 IMARES Wageningen UR, Korringaweg 5, 4401 NT Yerseke 2 Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, P.O.Box 20401, 2500EK Den Haag 3 LEI Wageningen UR, Alexanderveld 5, 2585 DB, Den Haag x [email protected]
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Page 1: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

O. Schneider1x, E. Schram1, M. Poelman1,

A. Rothuis2, A. van Duijn3, H. van der Mheen1

Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using

RAS technologies, the Dutch example

1 IMARES Wageningen UR, Korringaweg 5, 4401 NT Yerseke 2 Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, P.O.Box 20401, 2500EK Den Haag

3 LEI Wageningen UR, Alexanderveld 5, 2585 DB, Den Haag [email protected]

Page 2: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

Outline

Dutch aquaculture sector

Recirculation aquaculture systems

Sustainability (focus on ecological implications)

Pitfalls, Challenges & Opportunities

Conclusions

Page 3: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

Dutch aquaculture sector

Courtesy Fleuren & Nooijen BV, Someren, The Netherlands

Lamella

sedimentation unit

Trickling filter

Fish tanks

Page 4: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

Dutch aquaculture sector

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Fish Shellfish

Page 5: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

Drum

filter

Sump

Trickling

filter

O2

UV

Sewer Septic tank

Blower Liquid oxygen

After Kamstra, 1998. Wegwijzer in de paling teelt.

RAS – technical concept

FISH TREATMENT

Page 6: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

RAS – two sides of a coin

Cons?

Pollution (nutrients &

optical)

Fish meal / oil

Bad quality /taste

Intensive husbandry

Bad welfare

Aggression

Not organic

Pros?

Fish is healthy

Highly efficient

Higher food safety

Higher quality

Low emission

Less resources

All year around

Sustainable

Close to the market

Page 7: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

RAS - the Dutch context (production

1000MT)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6 2004

2007

2009

Page 8: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

The Wageningen approach to Sustainability:

biological

To explore the potential of nature to improve the quality of life

Gene/ Molecule

Cell

Organism

Products

Ecosystem

Planet

technologies

Page 9: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

Individual

Society

Community

Household

Gene/ Molecule Gene/ Molecule

Cell

Organism

Products

Ecosystem

Planet

Policy & limiting conditions

institutions

technologies

people profit planet

The Wageningen approach to Sustainability: biological &

social

Page 10: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

Sustainability – Economy (no of farms)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2004

2007

2009

Page 11: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

Sustainability – Economy (e.g. turbot)

13%

20%

25%

13%

12%

17%

Fingerling

Feed

Others

Labour

Investment

Capital

Page 12: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

Flow though RAS & drum filter & septic

tank *

RAS & drumfilter &

flocculation **

€14,411

€1,946 €527

€36,234

€10,625

€247

Sustainability - Economy

*Based on Kamstra & vd. Heul, 1999, ** based on Ebeling et al., 2005

Cost of waste discharge (/100 ton catfish production in Hungary

(green) & The Netherlands (yellow) in 2006

Page 13: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

€0.25

€0.50

€0.75

€1.00

€1.25

€1.50

€1.75

2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8

Pri

ce p

er

kg

FCR Feed Price/ kg

Sustainability - Economy

Page 14: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

Sustainability – Ecology (water use)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12 m³/kg fresh weight

Verdegem et al

Page 15: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

Sustainability – Ecology (feed/waste manipulation)

Faeces from modified diet Faeces from basal diet

Courtesy Brinker et al 2010

Page 16: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

1.

3. Sludge flow Sewer

2.

1.

Sustainability – Ecology (waste treatment)

Page 17: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

Sustainability – Ecology (CO2 Foot print & LCA)

0 200 400 600 800

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

g C

O2 / k

g f

ish

RAS Pond

Page 18: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

0 200 400 600 800

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

g C

O2 / k

g f

ish

RAS Pond

Sustainability – Ecology (CO2 Foot print & LCA)

RAS: 3.8 CO2 per kg fish

Pond 5.0 kg CO2 per kg fish

Page 19: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

Sustainability – Social & Governance

Society

Natural resources (fish meal & oil, seeds, water, energy, food

miles)

Welfare (husbandry, transport, slaughter)

Stichting Milleukeur, Global GAP, ASC

National Governance

Rules & Frameworks

Financial stimulation based on sustainability indicators

European Governance & Strategy

Water directive

Veterinary directive

Exotic species directive

Page 20: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

Pitfalls, Challenges & Opportunities

• ~30 years, no substantial market

African catfish

• no market, 1st placement inferior quality

Barramundi

• limited market, too high cost price

Happy Shrimp

• not competitive

Tilapia

Page 21: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

Pitfalls, Challenges & Opportunities

• Pangasius, Tilapia, Cod, Turbot, Flounder

• Supermarkets (sustainability & product safety & quality)

• Cost price

Economy

• Resource use

• Waste management

Ecology

• Eel

• Reproduction & sustainability dialogue

• (Marine) Waste management

• Certifications (GlobalGAP, Aquaculture Stewardship Council)

Social

Page 22: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

Pitfalls, Challenges & Opportunities

• African catfish Consolidation

• Claresse new market

• Eel dialogue & assessment

• Sturgeon Caviar less fisheries & illegal practices

• Sole product replacement

• Yellowtail kingfish product replacement

• Worm pond culture

Species driven

• Zeeland Sole extensive IMTA on land

• Shrimps Biofloc systems

• Urban RAS

• RAS export (e.g. to Norway, Africa, South America & Asia)

System driven

Page 23: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

Conclusions

Dutch aquaculture sector = innovative

Well structured governance framework

Stakeholders dialogues & several umbrella organisations

Instruments in place to develop sustainable sector

animal welfare, nutrient emissions, new species, drug use & others

Some pitfalls & issues, but as well several opportunities

Page 24: Practices in managing finfish aquaculture using RAS - OECD

IMARES

Dutch Seafood for the future?


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