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Pre maturity in foals

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Prematurity in foals Rajeev Kumar Mishra L2015M38M COVS, GADVASU, Ludhiana
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Page 1: Pre maturity  in foals

Prematurity in foals

Rajeev Kumar MishraL2015M38M

COVS, GADVASU, Ludhiana

Page 2: Pre maturity  in foals

• A foal is considered premature if delivered before Day 320 of gestation.

• He has not been able to complete developing inside his mother's uterus.

Dysmature foals?????

Page 3: Pre maturity  in foals

• Low birth weight

• Small frame; thin

• Poor muscle development

• Flexor laxity

• Peri-articular laxity

• Hypotonia

• Short, silky hair coat

• Domed forhead

• Floppy ear

• Weak suck reflex

• Poor thermoregulation

• Gastrointestinal dysfunction

• delayed maturation of renal function

• Entropion with 2° corneal ulcer

• Poor glucose regulation

• Poor ACTH response

• Neutrophil : lymphocyte <1.0

• Poor cortisol level

Clinical characteristic of prematurity

Page 4: Pre maturity  in foals
Page 5: Pre maturity  in foals

Placental problems: twins, placentitis, premature placental separation.

Fetal problems: fetal sepsis (Herpes virus, EVA, ehrlichiosis, other bacteria), fetal malformation, hydroallantois, fetal placentitis (FIRS), etc.

Maternal problems: severe systemic disease, chronic debilitation, maternal placentitis.

Iatrogenic:

Early induction based on: inaccurate breeding dates, misinterpreting late term colic as ineffective labor.

Early C-section because of catastrophic medical problem in mare: fatal colic, fracture of major bone, progressive neurologic disease.

Idiopathic.

What’s the cause ????????

Page 6: Pre maturity  in foals

Condition with improved survival rate..

• -ve systemic disease in mare and +ve of suckle reflex.

• TLC > 500/µl

2

Page 7: Pre maturity  in foals

Treatment

• Mechanical ventilation

• Nasotracheal intubation

• Intratracheal surfactant administration

Respiratory system:

Page 8: Pre maturity  in foals

Abnormal behaviour…

• Inability to stand = Assist to stand and change

the side every 2 hrs

• Weak suck reflex = Nasogastric tube,

perentral nutrition

Page 9: Pre maturity  in foals

Abnormal homeostiasis

• Hypothermia = Raise ambient temperature

(Temp ≤ 37.2°c)

• Metabolic acidosis = hypovolemia isotonicHCO3-(PH ≤ 7.5) Adequate ventilation ensured

Haem concentration = maintenance fluid@80-120ml/kg

Hypoglycaemia (≤50mg/dl) = I/V dextrose

Page 10: Pre maturity  in foals

GIT dysmotility…

• Gastric reflux/ ileus = decrease feed load

oral/iv Perinorm

• Constipation = enema, oral mineral oil

psyllium husk P.O

• Diarrhoea = Oral proctants,

Active cultures

• Ulceration = aciloc@ 6.6mg/kg qid

sucralfate, avoid NSAID

Page 11: Pre maturity  in foals

Flexor laxity & Peri-articular laxity

• Inability to stand.

• Physical therapy

• Glue on Shoes with heel extension

• Restricted exercise on soft surface.

Page 12: Pre maturity  in foals

Hypogammaglobinaemia

• IgG ≤ 400-800 mg/dl.

• Oral colstrum, minimum of 1lt if < 18 hrs age.

• i/v plasma @20-40ml/kg

• Broad spectrum antibiotics

Page 13: Pre maturity  in foals

Cardiovascular support

• Premature foals often have poor or marginal cardiovascular function. This is primarily due to a lack of responsiveness of vessels to pressors. Careful use of fluid support and inotropes and pressors such as dopamine, dobutamine, epinephrine and vasopressin may achieve improvement of cardiovascular function.

Page 14: Pre maturity  in foals

Renal function

• The abnormal renal function is not a reflection of “premature kidneys.

• It is important not to fluid load these foals and then rely on diuretic therapy to rid the body of the iatrogenic fluid overload.

Page 15: Pre maturity  in foals

Prevention of self-trauma

• Protection can be afforded by deeply bedding the neonate or placing him on blankets, a mattress, etc.

• Keeping the foal dry is the key to avoiding development of decubitus ulcers.

Page 16: Pre maturity  in foals

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