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Comprehension Skills

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How to make a diamond?

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A B

C D

Which is a diamond?

SELECTION

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How did it become so beautiful?

?

CUT & POLISH

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Comprehension Skills

Think of your comprehension questionsas making a diamond.

1.You need to SELECT the correct materials

2.You need to CUT & POLISH (REPHRASE) it.

Requires good reasoning & skills

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STEP 1: SELECTION

When you read a comprehensionpassage, how do you know where toselect your materials?

1. Questions follow sequence of text2. Sometimes stated in the question

E.g. From paragraph 1, state the 3 reasonspeople used the methods of advertising in the

past.3. Using clues from the question

E.g. State the 3 reasons people used themethods of advertising in the past. (line 3)

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STEP 2: CUT & POLISH

After you have selected the correct pointsfrom the text, you have to rephrase/ rewritethe text in your own words.

Why?To demonstrate YOUR understanding of

the text

Note: Sometimes, you dont have to

rephrase the text when the questionasked for specific names of things,people, or place.

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Q1: State the 3 reasons people used the methods of advertising in

the past.

Step 1: Select [Line 1 - 3] For as long as people have wanted to persuade

others to buy their goods, give them their vote or lay downtheir lives, they have used the methods of advertising.

Step 2: Rewrite in your own words (REPLACE) Persuadeothers to buy theirgoods

= convincepeople to purchasethings (REPHRASE) Give them their vote

= to vote for them

(REINTERPRET) Lay down their lives= to fight for them

Step 3: Put it together Answer: People used advertising to convince people to

purchase things, to vote for them, and to fight for them.

Example

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Group work

Get into your groups.

Two Tasks:

1. Discuss Q1-Q6 and SELECT the sentences from

the passage where you can find the answers.Highlight these sentences & label them 1-6.

2. Compare your comprehension answers(homework). Use REPLACE, REPHRASE,

REINTERPRET and work out the best answers asa group. Submit on foolscap paper

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Group work Q3: Why are advertisements often entertaining?

Group 1: Advertisements often entertaining because it attracts moreto our feelings than to our minds.

Group 2: Advertisements are often entertaining as it is in the form of ajazzy melody, a photograph, and a clever joke.

Group 3: It is to attract attention Group 4: Advertisement are entertaining because the advertiser play

a jazzy melody or a interesting photograph or even make a cleverjoke.

Group 5: ? Group 6: They are often entertaining because they may be in the

form of a jazz music, photography or crazy jokes. Group 7: Advertisement are often entertaining because they arouse

more to our feeling than to the way we think and convince methodwhich, though they are not lying are certainly one-sided in favour ofits item.

Group 8: Advertisements are entertaining because the advertiseruses a jazzy tune, a joke or a picture which makes people laugh asadvertisements appeal more to our feelings than our logic.

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Group work

Q3: Why are advertisements often entertaining?

Step 1: Select: Advertising appeals more to our emotions than to our minds

and therefore uses persuasive techniques which, though not

deceptive, are certainly biased in favour of its products. (line10-12) OR They entertain. That entertainment may be in the form of a

jazzy melody or a photograph or a clever joke, but it alwaysdraws attention to itself because advertisements have tocompete against every other competitor for consumersattention. (line19-21)

Step 2: Rewrite:

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Reading for meaning

Q9: Why are advertisement short?

Step 1: Select:

They are fast and short. They deliver theirmessage in minimum time and space. (line14-15)

Try to make logical deductions.

Why minimum time and space?

Think again

SAVE MONEY!

Answer: Advertisements are short because itis expensive to buy long air time.

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Group work

Get into your groups.

Task:

1. Discuss Q7-Q13 and work out the best

answers as a group. Submit on foolscap

paper

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Summary Skills

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Still remember The diamond

analogy?

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A B

C D

Which is a diamond?

SELECTION

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How did it become so beautiful?

?

CUT & POLISH

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Annotation

Each paragraph structure

1. Topic statement

2. Elaboration

3. Evidences, examples

4. Paragraph concluder

Underline the topic statement

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Summary question

Using materials from Line 24 to 69,explain the advertising devicespromoters use to attract and convince

consumers. Your summary should notbe more than 100 words.

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The Testimonial

1. This is one of the oldest devices, popular since the days of snake-oilsalesmen who used to travel through country towns with a wagon-load of medicines and pharmaceuticals.

2. The product is endorsed by someone else- by a professional orexpert in the area of knowledge; or by a personality, a well-known

identity; or by the average consumer who has regular used theproduct and can vouch for it.

3. The dubious nature of such testimonials is obvious nowadays whenthe unknowns are paid actors and the personalities demand hugesums for their sponsorship.

4. However, testimonials are still popular, even though they may be theonly brief references within whole advertisements.

5. For example: Recommended by most dentists or Voted Best Car1992- Auto Magazine or University tests prove

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The Testimonial

From passage:

The product is endorsed by someone else-by a professional or expert in the area ofknowledge; orby a personality, a well-

known identity; or by the average consumerwho has regular used the product and canvouch for it.

Rewrite:

Promoters used testimonials to advertisetheir products. The brand is endorsed by aprofessional or expert; a famous or well-likedcelebrity, ora typical user of the productwho can vouch for it.

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Use of connectives

Furthermore,

In addition,

Besides, First, second,

And

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Group work

Get into your groups.

Task: Discuss as a group how to drafta summary using the graphic

organiser given. Using materials from Line 24 to 69,

explain the advertising devices

promoters use to attract andconvince consumers. Your summaryshould not be more than 100 words.

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Check: The Testimonial

The product is endorsed by someoneelse- by a professional or expert in thearea of knowledge; or by apersonality, a well-known identity; orby the average consumer who has

regular used the product and canvouch for it.

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Check: Subconscious appeals

Advertisements usually appeal to ourthird (social) and fourth level (status)needs- our desires to be loved, to bepopular or attractive.

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Check: The hook

A hook is the bait which gets thereader to read or watch more of theadvertisement.

The hook in print advertisement isoften a surprising statement which

grabs the readers attention.

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Check: Symbols

Symbols are particularly popular inprint advertisements, which have tosuggest many things in one shot.