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Predator/Prey Dynamics: Methodology for surveying the coyote population on the Smith Island Complex

Date post: 18-Jul-2015
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Abigail Dwire
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Abigail  Dwire  

¡  Important  to  our  predator/prey  monitoring  program  

¡  Start  watching  for  population  trends  

¡  Interested  in  movement  between  islands  in  the  Complex  

¡  Effects  of  coyotes  on  other  predator  species  

¡  Historically  occupied  the  Midwest  

 ¡  Expansion  into  NC  and  arrival  at  the  SIC  

 

¡  Approx.  2  ft.  at  the  shoulder,  20  to  45  lbs.  ¡  Travel  up  to  ~12  mi/day  

§  Solo  or  in  family  groups  § Mate  for  life  

¡  Nocturnal  ¡  Territorial  ¡  Diet:  Omnivorous  

§  Rodents,  rabbits,  woodchucks,  birds,  deer,  lizards,  snakes,  insects,  and  fruit  

¡  Invasive  ¡  Noninvasive  

Noninvasive  sampling  techniques:  ¡  Scent-­‐tracking  dogs  ¡  Track  plates  ¡  Scat  surveys  ¡  Remote  cameras  ¡  Hair  snares  

 ¡  Choosing  sites:  

§  Looking  for  game  trails,  tracks,  and  other  evidence  

§  Google  earth    ¡  12  hair  snare  sites  total  §  8  of  these  with  cameras  

Tracks  

Scat   Dens  

Kills  

360°  DESIGN   TOP  VIEW  

¡  Sprayed  posts  with  coyote  urine  every  4  days  

¡  After  initial  spraying,  checked  posts  for  hair  before  spraying  again  §  Spraying  depended  largely  on  weather  

¡  Placed  game  cameras  approx.  8  to  15  feet  from  hair  snares  

¡  ReconyxTM  HyperFireTM’s  HC550  White  Flash  LED  Digital  Game  Camera  §  Flash  range:  30  feet  §  Day-­‐time  color  images  §  Took  3  instant  pictures  every  time  it  sensed  movement  

¡  Recorded  time,  location  of  post,  location  of  sample  on  post,  how  much  hair  per  sample,  and  other  notes  i.e.  noticeable  tracks  

¡  Collected  samples  with  tweezers,  placed  into  plastic  bag  

¡  Send  samples  to  lab  

¡ Looked  at  SD  cards  after  4  days  

¡  Collected  8  samples  total  

SHOAL’S  POINT  7/23/14   NEAR  BLUFF  POND  7/28/14  

Deer   Rodents  

Raccoon  

¡  Challenges:    § Weather  matters  §  Very  time  consuming  and  labor  intensive  §  Time  constraint  §  Lack  of  samples  §  Coyotes  are  notoriously  difficult  to  study    

¡  Future  goals:  §  Try  different  bait  §  Add  more  study  sites  §  Extend  data  collection  period  

§  Continue  researching  survey  techniques  

§  Contact  experts  ¡  Continuation  is  

important  

¡ Courtney  ¡ David  ¡ Jaymie  ¡ Nicki  

¡  Kendall  K.C.,  McKelvey  K.S.  2008.  “Hair  Collection.”  Noninvasive  Survey  Methods  for  North  American  Carnivores.  Ed.  Long,  R.A.  et  al.  Washington  D.C.:  Island  Press,  2009.  135-­‐176.  

¡   Gompper  Et.  Al.  "A  Comparison  of  Noninvasive  Techniques  to  Survey  Carnivore  Communities  in  Northeastern  North  America."  Wildlife  Society  Bulletin  (2006):  1142-­‐151.  

¡  Hinton,  Joseph  W.,  Michael  J.  Chamberlain,  and  Frank  T.  Van  Manen.  "Long-­‐Distance  Movements  of  Transient  Coyotes  in  Eastern  North  Carolina."  The  American  Midland  Naturalist  168.2  (2012):  281-­‐88.    

¡  Lawrence,  Shannon  E.,  and  Paul  R.  Krausman.  "Reactions  of  the  Public  to  Urban  Coyotes  (Canis  Latrans)."  The  Southwestern  Naturalist  56.3  (2011):  404-­‐09.  

¡  Bogan,  D.  (2014).  RISE  OF  THE  EASTERN  COYOTE.  New  York  State  Conservationist,  68  (6),  20-­‐23  

¡  http://media.oregonlive.com/pacific-­‐northwest-­‐news/photo/coyotejpeg-­‐a8a247fae9c82811.jpeg  ¡  http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5501/13848483303_de3cc99718_m.jpg  ¡  http://yipps.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/img_130604051.jpg  ¡  http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-­‐zHdu3LgaKsY/Te2aEmR0tfI/AAAAAAAAFac/5zPy-­‐s2OiAI/s1600/Coyote_scat.jpg  ¡  http://rising.blackstar.com/wp-­‐content/uploads/2012/06/Coyote-­‐family1.jpg  

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