Predictable BiG data

Performance in Real-time

Srini V. SRINIVASAN

17th BIG data London MeetupAPRIL 22, 2013

Response time: Hours, WeeksTB to PBRead Intensive

TRANSACTIONS (OLTP)

Response time: SecondsGigabytes of data

Balanced Reads/Writes

ANALYTICS (OLAP)

STRUCTURED DATA

Response time: Seconds

Terabytes of dataRead Intensive

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BIG DATA ANALYTICS

Real-time TransactionsResponse time: < 10 ms1-20 TBBalanced Reads/Writes24x7x365 Availability

UNSTRUCTURED DATA

REAL-TIME BIG DATA

Database Landscape

Requirements for Internet Enterprises1. Know who the Interaction is

with Monitor 200+ Million US Consumers,

5+ Billion mobile devices and sensors

2. Determine intent based on current context

Page views, search terms, game state, last purchase, friends list, ads served, location

3. Respond now, use big data for more accurate decisions

Display the most relevant Ad Recommend the best product Deliver the richest gaming

experience Eliminate fraud…

4. Service can NEVER go down!

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Challenges1. Handle extremely high rates of persistent

read/write transactions

2. Avoid hot spots to maintain tight latency SLAs

3. Provide immediate consistency with replication

4. Allow long running tasks with transactions

5. Scale linearly as data sizes increase

6. Add capacity with no service interruption© 2013 Aerospike. All rights reserved. Pg. 4

Native Flash Performance

➤ Low Latency at High Throughput

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“Only Aerospike was able to function in synchronous mode with a replication factor of two.. it is a significant advantage that Aerospike is able to function reliably on a smaller amount of hardware while still maintaining true consistency.”

Shared-Nothing Architecture

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OHIO Data Center

➤ Every node in a cluster is identical,

handles both transactions and long running tasks

➤ Data is replicated synchronously with immediate consistency within the cluster

➤ Data is replicated asynchronously across data centers

Distributed Hash TableHow Data Is Distributed (Replication Factor 2)

➤ Every key is hashed into a 20 byte (fixed length) string using the RIPEMD160 hash function

➤ This hash + additional data (fixed 64 bytes)are stored in RAM in the index

➤ 4 bytes of this hash are used to compute the partition id

➤ There are 4096 partitions

➤ Partition id maps to node id based on cluster membership

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cookie-abcdefg-12345678cookie-abcdefg-12345678

182023kh15hh3kahdjsh182023kh15hh3kahdjsh

PartitionID

Master node

Replica node

… 1 4

1820 2 3

1821 3 2

4096 4 1

Organizing the cluster

➤ Automatic multicast gossip protocol for node discovery➤ Paxos consensus algorithm determines nodes in cluster➤ Ordered list of nodes determines data location➤ Data partitions balanced for minimal data motion➤ Vote initiated and terminated in 100 milliseconds

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How it Works

1. Write sent to row master

2. Latch against simultaneous writes

3. Apply write to master memory and replica memory synchronously

4. Queue operations to disk

5. Signal completed transaction (optional storage commit wait)

6. Master applies conflict resolution policy (rollback/ rollforward)

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master replica

1. Cluster discovers new node via gossip protocol

2. Paxos vote determines new data organization

3. Partition migrations scheduled

4. When a partition migration starts, write journal starts on destination

5. Partition moves atomically

6. Journal is applied and source data deleted

transactions continue

Writing with Immediate Consistency Adding a Node

Intelligent Client Shields Applications from the Complexity of the Cluster

➤ Implements Aerospike API

➤ Optimistic row locking➤ Optimized binary

protocol

➤ Cluster tracking Learns about cluster

changes, partition map Gossip protocol

➤ Transaction semantics Global transaction ID Retransmit and timeout

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Cross Data Center Replication (XDR)➤ Asynchronous replication for long link

delays and outages➤ Namespace is configured to replicate

to a destination cluster – master / slave, including star and ring

➤ Replication process Transaction journal on partition master

and replica XDR process writes batches to destination Transmission state shared with source

replica Retransmission in case of network fault When data arrives back at originating

cluster, transaction ID matching prevents subsequent application and forwarding

➤ In master / master replication, conflict resolution via multiple versions, or timestamp

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Multi-core Optimization Right Architecture

Shared nothing In-memory (or multiple SSDs) Tight code loop Lock free isolation

OS, Programming Language, Libraries Modern Linux kernel C language Use epoll

Tweaks Pin threads to processor cores IRQ affinity settings for NIC CPU Socket Isolation via pairing of CPU to NIC

Russ’s 10 Ingredient Recipe for Making 1 Million TPS on $5K Hardware

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Flash-optimized Storage Layer➤ Direct device access

Direct attach performance Data written in flash optimal

large block patterns All indexes in RAM for low

wear Constant background

defragmentation Log structured file system,

“copy on write” Clean restart through shared

memory

➤ Random distribution using hash does not require RAID hardware

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…

SSD performance varies widely•Aerospike has a certified hardware list•Free SSD certification tool, CIO, is also available

Native Flash 17x better TCO“…data-in-DRAM implementations like SAP HANA..should be bypassed… ..current leading data-in-flash database for transactional analytic apps is Aerospike.” - David Floyer, CTO, Wikibon

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$$$

http://wikibon.org/wiki/v/Data_in_DRAM_is_a_Flash_in_the_Pan

Case studies

Proven in Production➤ AppNexus - #2 RTB after

Google 27 Billion auctions per day 600+ QPS Aerospike servers in 6 clusters

in 3 data centers

➤ Chango – #2 Search after Google

Sees more Searches than Yahoo! + bing

Data on 300 Million users

➤ TradeDesk – first Ad Exchange Facebook Exchange partner FBX serves 25% of Ads on the

Internet 1200% growth in 2012

“Aerospike has operated without interruptions and easily scaled to meet our performance demands.” – Mike Nolet, CTO, AppNexus

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Proven in Production➤ eXelate – Data on 500 Million

users

Online data plus Nielsen, Mastercard, Autobytel, Bizo data..

Data on 400 million users 20 Billion Transactions per month 4x2 TB data per cluster 4 clusters across 4 data centers

“Scale. Real-time performance. Real-time replication at 4 datacenters. Aerospike delivered.”- Elad Efraim, eXelate CTO

➤ BlueKai – Serves half the Fortune 30

#1 Data Exchange 2 Trillion Transactions per month

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Fast? Scale & Never Fail?

➤ Cluster-aware Client Layer➤ Per Node Optimizations

Thread-core-pinning Real-time prioritization

➤ Extremely efficient primary index scheme Index in DRAM 64 byte index entry size Kernel quality C code;

no degradation due to Java garbage collection

➤ Flash-optimized Data Layer

➤ Shared-nothing Distribution Layer Intelligent data

migration and re-balancing

Smart data expiration and eviction

Rolling upgrades and background backups

➤ Cross Datacenter Replication (XDR)

What makes Aerospike…

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Mission➤ Build the Modern Real-time Data Platform

1. Scaling the Internet of Everything2. Pushing the limits of modern hardware3. No data loss and No downtime

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Publish & Subscribe

• ASQL & NoSQL• Powerful Aggregations

(MapReduce++)

• ASQL & NoSQL• Powerful Aggregations

(MapReduce++)

• Secondary Index Queries

Transactions

• User Defined Functions (UDF)

SecurityEncryptionCompressi

on

AEROSPIKE REAL-TIME DATA DATA PLATFORM

• Distribution - Shared Nothing, ACID, Scale-out, Multiple datacenters

• Data Types – Int, Str, Blob, List, Map, Large Stack, Large Set, Large List

• Storage– DRAM, SSD, HDD

How to get Aerospike?

Free Community Edition Enterprise Edition➤ For developers

looking for speed and stability and transparently scale as they grow All features for

2 nodes, 100GB 1 cluster 1 datacenter

Community support

➤ For mission critical apps needing to scale right from the start Unlimited number of

nodes, clusters, data centers

Cross data center replication

Premium 24x7 support Priced by TBs of

unique data (not replicas)

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Questions

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