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Predicting Products of Single Displacement Reactions
The Activity Series:
…A way to determine whether a single displacement reaction will occur or not.
Elements at the “top” are
the most reactive and will always
displace less reactive ones.
Calciumwill replace
which will replace
which will replace
which will replace
which will replace
Magnesium
Zinc
Nickel
Copper
Gold, which loses to everyone else.
This is the activity series
for metals
FClBrI
most active
least active
But there is one for some non-metals as well
We can use the activity series to
Which of the following reactions will proceed:
Predict Single Displacement Reactions:
CaCl2 + Na →
MgBr2 + Cl2 →
Ni(SO4) + Sn →
Fe(OH)2 + Pb →
Predicting Products of Double Displacement Reactions:
The Solubility Rules:
…A way to determine the state symbols of the products of a double displacement reaction.
What is Dissolving ?When an ionic compound (eg salt) dissolves in water,
the compound disassociates. (breaks apart into cations and anions)
Ex: Ca(NO3)2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq)
)(2 lOH
When a covalent compound (eg sugar) dissolves in When a covalent compound (eg sugar) dissolves in water, it does water, it does not disassociatenot disassociate. Molecules of the . Molecules of the covalent compounds simply disperse due to covalent compounds simply disperse due to attraction with polar water molecules.attraction with polar water molecules.
Precipitates and Solubility Rules
When aqueous solutions of ionic compounds are poured together, sometimes an insoluble solid forms, called a precipitate.
“If you’re not a part of the solution, your part of the precipitate”
Which one is the precipitate?
for example:
NaOH(aq) + FeCl3 (aq) NaCl ( ) + Fe(OH)3 ( )
The “Solubility Rules” or “Solubility Tables” say that Halides (F-, Cl-, Br-, etc.) are soluble, but most Hydroxides (OH-) are insoluble.
(aq) (s)
So, the solid must be Iron Hydroxide.
aq s
Solubility Rules1. Alkali metals and and Ammonia (NH4
+) compounds are soluble
2. Nitrates and Acetates are soluble3. Halides are soluble, (Cl-, Br-, F-, I-)
except those of Ag+, Pb+2, and Hg2+2
4. Sulfates are soluble,
except those of Pb+2, Ba+2, Hg+2,and Ca+2