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Pregnancy & Contraception http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQwChXZqk6 E&list=PLYkDg7ymNvkiqmsBBehqh89DTEFaRurK- &index=4
Pregnancy & Contraception
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQwChXZqk6E&list=PLYkDg7ymNvkiqmsBBehqh89DTEFaRurK-&index=4
How Pregnancy Happens
Fertilization:• One sperm penetrates one egg (ovum)• Usually occurs in the outer third of the fallopian
tube
Fertilizations Occurs:1.Before Ovulation:
-Sperm can live for 2-5 days in the fallopian tubes. If the egg is released during the time that sperm is present, fertilization can occur
2.At Ovulation:-The egg is ready to be fertilized two hours after it is released
3.After Ovulation:-An egg can live for 1-2 days after it is released
How Pregnancy Happens
After fertilization has taken place it takes the fertilized egg 3-5 days to move down the fallopian tubes. It then implants in the
upper portion of the uterus
How Pregnancy Happens
Implantation:• Pre-embryo implants of attaches to the lining of
the uterus
How Pregnancy Happens
Types of Birth Control• Chemical• Mechanical• Abstinence-based• Permanent
Birth Control Pills
Category Chemical
How it works Prevents ovulation DOES NOT PREVENT STI's
Side effects Weight gain. Nausea. Don't use if over 35 & a smoker
% Effectiveness >99
Birth Control Pills• taken daily
o INEFFECTIVE if a dose is missed
• prescription from doctor
• Hormones: thicken cervical mucus and prevent ovulationo progestino estrogen
Spermicides: foam, jelly, cream
Category chemical
How it works Spermicidal barrier
Side effects may cause irritation
% Effectiveness 78
Norplant
Category chemical
How it works Rods implanted in arm. Hormone released to prevent ovulation
Side effects Irregular bleeding
% Effectiveness >99
Birth Control Shot• "Depo-Provera"• Prescription• 1 shot every 3 months• Hormone: Progestin• Effectiveness: ~99%
Birth Control Vaginal Ring• 'NuvaRing'• Similar to birth control pills• ring inserted for 3 weeks, left out for 1• new ring then inserted• Effectiveness: 99%
Birth Control Patch• Prescription• similar to birth control pills• 1 new patch a week for 3 week• 1 week off for menstruation• Effectiveness: 99%
Condom
Category mechanical
How it works Rubber sheath over penis. Sperm barrier
Side effects Loss of sensation
% Effectiveness 85
• Condoms are only 85% effective with PERFECT use
• Different varieties of condoms have different effectiveness:o Latex (Polyurethane)
condoms offer the best STI protection
o Lamb Skino Polyisoprene
Diaphragm
Category mechanical
How it works Fitted by GYN. Sperm barrier used with jelly
Side effects May cause irritation
% Effectiveness 85
IUD (Inter-Uterine Device)
Category mechanical
How it works Uncertain: may stop egg implantation
Side effects Initial discomfort. Irregular bleeding
% Effectiveness 97
Sponge
Category Chemical and Mechanical
How it works Sperm barrier treated with spermicide
Side effects May cause irritation
% Effectiveness 85
Total Abstinence
Category abstinence
How it works No intercourse
Side effects None
% Effectiveness 100
Withdrawal
Category abstinence-based
How it works-Ejaculation occurs outside the
vagina-STI's can still be passed
Side effects None
% Effectiveness <75
Rhythm
Category Abstinence- based
How it works No sex during ovulation-STIs still possible
Side effects None
% Effectiveness <75
Tubal Ligation
Category Permanent
How it works Fallopian tubes cut and tied. Egg cannot reach uterus
Side effects Initial discomfort
% Effectiveness >99
Vasectomy
Category Permanent
How it works Vas Deferens cut and tiedNo sperm in semen
Side effects Initial discomfort
% Effectiveness >99
Exit TicketQuestion: What is the only birth control
method that ensures 100% against pregnancy?
Journal: Comment on the media/society's perceptions of birth control and/or sexual abstinence
