Date post: | 08-Feb-2017 |
Category: |
Education |
Upload: | bruce-vincent |
View: | 16 times |
Download: | 0 times |
PREVIEW OF
EMT/EMR SOFT TISSUE INJURIESPOWERPOINT TRAINING
PRESENTATION
FUNCTION OF THE SKIN
The skin providesProtection from the environmentExtreme temperaturePathogens (Bacteria, viruses)Blunt trauma Helps regulate temperatureFeeling of sense
Helps maintain body fluid balance
CLOSED SOFT TISSURE INJURY
Injury injury with no pathway from outside the injured area
Types of injurySigns and SymptomsAssessmentManagement
Outermost layer of skin is scraped off
PainfulSuperficialNo bleeding or small amount of blood oozes
from wound
ABRASION
AVULSION
Flaps of skin or tissue are torn loose or pulled completely off
IMPALED OBJECT
Object that creates the puncture wound remains embeddedLeave in place unless it is in the cheek with uncontrolled bleedingApply pressure around the object and secure in
placeAvoid movement
AMPUTATION
Involves the extremities and other body partsMassive bleeding may be present or bleeding may be limited
BLAST INJURY/HIGH PRESSURE
Often seen in WMD attacksBe careful of secondary explosionsThese injuries are compounded when the explosion occurs in a confined space
CONTUSION (Bruise)
Epidermis remains intactCells are damaged & blood vessels torn from dermisSwelling & pain
HEMATOMA
Collection of blood beneath the skinLarger amount of tissue damage as compared to contusionLarger vessels are damagedMay lose one or more liters of blood
COMPLICATIONS OF SOFT TISSUE INJURY
Bleeding – shockPainInfection
Mechanisms of infectionRisk factors
GENERAL ASSESSMENT
Safety of Environment / Standard PrecautionsAirway PatencyRespiratory DistressConcepts of Open Wound Dressings/BandagingHemorrhage ControlAssociated Injuries
CONCEPTS OF OPEN WOUND DRESSING/BANDAGING
SterileNon-sterileOcclusiveNon-occlusiveWetDryTourniquetComplications of dressings/bandages
DRESSING & BANDAGING
Used toStop bleedingProtect the wound from further
damagePrevent further contamination and
infection
Dressing
Bandage
DRESSINGS
Usually sterileTypes
Sterile gauze padsNon-stick gauze padsOcclusive dressingsTrauma dressings
BANDAGES
Hold dressings in placeTypes
Adhesive bandagesRoller gauze
ElasticNon-elastic
Tape
MANAGEMENT
Appropriate PPEAirway managementExpose the woundControl hemorrhage
Dress/bandage open wounds with dry sterile dressing
Prevention of shockPrevent infectionTransport to the appropriate facility
THERMAL
TypesSeverity related to
Exposure timeTemperature
Enclosed space versus openScalds with unusual history patterns may be abuse
CHEMICAL
Severity related toType of chemicalConcentration of chemicalDuration of exposure
Solutions and powders are different
DEPTH CLASIFICATION OF BURNS
SuperficialPartial-thicknessFull-thickness
SUPERFICIAL1st DEGREE
Involves only the epidermisReddened skinPain at the site
Head & Neck 9%
Posterior Trunk 18%
Anterior Trunk 18%
Each Upper Extremity 9%ExternalGenitalia 1%
Each Lower Extremity 18%
RULE OF 9‘s ADULT
RULE OF ONES
The patient's palm can serve a reference point roughly equivalent to 1% of the body
surface area
DEPTH
Full thickness extends through all layers of the skin
White, yellow, tan, brown or charred appearance
Leathery feelNo pain in those areasUsually there is pain in surrounding areas
with other depth of burns
RESPIRATORY BURNS
Facial burns are an indication of respiratoryburns
Patient may have burns to airway & lungs
Respiratory burns have double the mortality rate
PART OF BODY BURNED
Severity should be increased with certain body parts including
FingersFaceGenitalsFeet
INFANTS & CHILDREN
Greater surface area in relationship to the total body size
Results in greater fluid and heat lossAny full thickness burn or partial thickness
burn greater than 20%, or burn involving the hands, feet, face , airway or genitalia is considered to be a critical burn in a child
GERIATRIC PATIENTS
Severity of burn should be increased for patients over 55 years old
THERMAL
Complete general managementMay be associated with an inhalation injuryLarge burns may cause hypovolemia and hypothermiaCool small burns or those remaining hot (patient who has just been rescued from fire)Dry dressing help prevent infection and provide comfortTime in contact with heat increases damage
COMPLICATIONS ARE RELATED TO TOXIC CHEMICALS WITHIN INHALED AIR
Carbon monoxideCyanideOther toxic gasses
INHALATION
Edema of mucosa of airway can be rapid Consider ALS backup if signs and symptoms of
edema are present, such as:HoarsenessSinged nasal or facial hairBurns of faceCarbon in sputum
Burns in enclosed spaces without ventilation cause inhalation injuries
ELECTRICAL
Scene safety - never touch a patient in contact with an electric source
Often internal damage more severe than external injuries appearSometimes electric current crosses the chest
and causes cardiac arrest or arrhythmiasPatient may be in cardiac arrest when EMT arrives (probably V-fib or asystole)
To purchase this presentation go to www.bravetraining.com
Or tap the above link