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EREV-UCLA
Summer 2010
Class presentation of preliminary
findings from Guede ChantierWednesday, July 28
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Agriculture:
Methods and preliminary findings Sample size of 14 individuals; site analysis & interviews
General Lack of Means:
-Farmers need many things that they often do not have the means for.
-Main Examples: fertilizer, machines, water pumps, fences, education inmethods and technology.
NGO Involvement:
Project failures, Incomplete Projects, and Abandoned
Projects-general lack of investment/incentive to stay in the community-failure to include local community
Conventional versus Organic-Soil Degradation, Health Impacts, Debt. Example: 7 out of 20 GIEs can not pay bank loans this year.
Main Reason: There is only one tractor that all 20 GIEs share, causingsome farmers to plant late in January and reap poor harvests.
Consequence: These farmers will not be eligible to take bank loans for thenext harvest, putting the farmers deeper into debt.
Organic Problems: Land Tenure, Funding, Smaller Yields and Food
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Agriculture:Preliminary analysis Addressing farmer debt.
Achieving FairPricing System: Protection from Banabanas
and Increasing Market-to-Farmer Communication Addressing problems associated with Land Tenure
Addressing Conflicts Between Farmers and Herders
Assistance to Farmers In Transition from Conventional toOrganic Agriculture
Calendar to Make Better Use of Existing SAED Tractor
Specific Immediate Material Needs:
More tractors
More fences
More water pumps
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Cultural Ecology:
Methods and preliminary findings
Main Themes
Culture Change
Influences on culture: television, education
Why is this important?
...ways in which culture change is induced by
adaptation to the environment.-Julian Steward
Agricultural and economic hardship preference forWestern education and western cultural ideals
Old forms of cultural transmission diminishing (eg. griot)
New forms of cultural transmission without resources Youth
absorbing Western culture (eg. music)
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Education:
Methods and preliminary findings
Methods
12 InterviewsTeachers, PTA Director, Parents,
NGO Tostan, Council Women
4 Focus GroupsMale Students, Female Students,
Parents, NGO Counterpart
1 Site AnalysisPrimary School Ecole Deux
Preliminary
FindingsDrop Out Rate
Boys drop out 5x more than Girls
Student Teacher Affairs
Resulting in Pregnancies or
Marriages
Lack of Resources
Not enough Classrooms/Supplies
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Education:
Preliminary Analysis
1. Resources
Provide more facilities in order to enroll more students2. Drop Out Rate
Equal discipline of girls and boys
3. Improved Pedagogy
Implement teacher training program4. Install Options
Youth Centers, Vocational (Training) Schools
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Entrepreneurship and Value Chain:
Methods and preliminary findings
Methods & Tools
Interviews
Number of Interviews: 22/35
Focus groups: 1/4
Total People: 33/74
Site Analysis: farms, markets
Transect Walk: womencollecting firewood
Participant Observation
Themes
Lack of Information
Lack of Satisfactory Training The Importance of Self-reliance
and Autonomy
Conditional Access to Affordable
Inputs
Little to No Knowledge of Value
Chain
Relative SatisfactionLack of Funding
Little to No Communication
(Top Down, Horizontally)
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Entrepreneurship and Value Chain:
Preliminary analysis
Specific Needs as Declared by the people of Gud Chantier
Fisheries: fish farming project; access to affordable fish;
refrigerated transportation of fish Gender: Tosten Library, Autonomy from patriarchal dominance,
Resources (farming machines, health center supplies, etc.)
Microfinance: Womens access to loans, more accessible loanoptions for everyone (not just through the GIEs)
Herders: Veterinarian, Warehouse: feeding and keeping animalscloser to families, milk preserve
Agriculture:Access to machines, Barriers/fences around crops
Value Chain: Better Communication (Top-Down)
Govt. Unions GIE Farmers
Miscellaneous: $ Funding $, Transportation
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Food Systems and Nutrition:
Methods & Preliminary Findings
Methods Seven Interviews, Site analysis, Surveys
Preliminary Findings Children under five are malnourished at a rate of at least 10%
Diet is dependant on the seasons (rain) and is based largely on rice
Because of food processing rice, onions and tomatoes are available allyear
A nutrition workshops has been offered at their local clinic, but therewas no follow up
People in Guede Chantier eat both conventional and organic produce
Farmers in Guede who grow large quantities export the majority of theircrops
Most farmers use conventional methods for agriculture because ofbank loan criteria
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Food Systems and Nutrition:
Preliminary analysis
Nutrition workshops with follow-ups
Diversification of diet
Break the cycle of bank exploitation
Loans which do not require the use of pesticides
Creation of new banks which will grant loans
without pesticide conditions. Increase the number or effectiveness of GIE to
promote organic agriculture
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Gender: Methods & Preliminary
Findings
8 Interviews, 1 Question and Answer Session, 1
Focus Group, 1 Observation Class, Daily mapping
Preliminary Findings: There was a strong desire to
learn and to work among the women of Guede
Chantier. They have become a part of the workforce in Guede and want to continue this shift from
home life to public life.
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Gender: Preliminary analysis
Literacy Training
Health Education Job Skills Training
Control over the Women Center
***Partnerships
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Fisheries: Methods and
preliminary findings Methods:
11 Interviews
3 Site analyses 1 participant observation
Themes
Overlap of Major Industries struggle of profitability in each sector
Lack of Cohesion
industrys internal struggle and external conflict
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Fisheries: Methods and
preliminary findingsNeeds An organized association of fishermen
a. to revise current practices and address importantobstacles faced by the sector
Continued formation and strengthening of all communityorganizations
a. to encourage collaboration, understanding and long-
term sustainability within the community
With the collaboration of local government, the fishermensassociation, and Counterpart International, a developmentproject is currently in the works that aims to address manyof the local industrys needs.
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Herding: Methods &
Preliminary Findings
Scarcity of land dedicated to herding
Difficulty securing food and water for cattle (during the dry season)
Conflicts between farmers and herders Agriculture prioritized over herding
Health: Veterinary care is difficult to access, vaccinations not subsidized
Theft of cattle: hard to recover
Milk: cows too far from village to maximize profits
Ideological and logistical divide between modern & traditional herders
Herders Association is informal and lacks solidarity and power
Have been few development or government projects designed for herders
Must pay shepherds to care for animals in bush: issues of trust
Some are interested in having insurance for cattle
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Herding: Preliminary Analysis Greater distribution of land that is closer to GC
Guaranteed access to food and water
Greater/quicker access to veterinarians
Government subsidies of vaccinations & feed
Refrigeration for milk storage to bolster sales
Reliable cattle insurance
Able to maintain horse/donkey/cart for transport
Greater voice/power/priority for herders in GC
Greater priority within development & government projects
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Reforestation: Methods and
preliminary findings Methods- 8 interviews, 2 observational experiences, 1 participant
observation interview.
Preliminary findings Wood collection is time consuming
Cooking oven a wood oven makes women sick
Gas is preferred, but expensive
Massive deforestation in the past 200 years by people outside of
community Now citizens walk miles to collect wood or pay high prices.
Either way they are contributing to the deforestation.
Citizens recognize the benefits of trees and want to reforest
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Reforestation: Preliminary
Analysis
Reforestation
more healing and sacred trees.
An alternative fuel source.
Gas
Health risks of coal
Time inefficiency of coal
Solar ovens
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Socio Demographic: Method
& Preliminary findings Socio-Demographic
Indicators includingPopulation Growth,
Birth/Death Rate, etc. Social Service
Indicators in Health,Occupation, Education,& Communal
Infrastructure
Accumulation of self-planned communitydevelopment ideas
Socio-DemographicIndicators includingPopulation Growth,
Birth/Death Rate, etc. Social Service
Indicators in Health,Occupation, Education,& Communal
Infrastructure
Accumulation of self-planned communitydevelopment ideas
22 Key Informant (KI)
Interviews
5 Focus Groups
3 Visual Aids / 3 Participant
Observations
Socio-Demographic Indicator
Data from Guede-Chantier
22 Key Informant (KI)
Interviews
5 Focus Groups
3 Visual Aids / 3 Participant
Observations
Socio-Demographic Indicator
Data from Guede-Chantier
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Socio Demographic:
Preliminary Analysis
Clear & increased communication between
elected officials & citizens.
Increased transparency of managementFinancial resources & funding partners.
Excess resources for occupational &educational efforts.
Physical infrastructure to house communityassociations
Improvements in social services provided to thecommunity
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Water: Methods and
preliminary findings
Methods and sample:
30 Interviews
250 Citizens
3 Districts
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Water: Preliminary analysisWhy we QUENCH? -
Quench was created to address international and domesticissues relating to environmental stewardship andsustainability, public health, economic empowerment, equaland diverse education, and politic autonomy
Preliminary Recommendations Increase access to public taps, incorporate more women
into the water management board, and implement potablewater safety workshops
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Womens Market Farming:
Methods and Preliminary findings Methods: Key Informant Interviews, Focus Groups, Site
Analysis, Seasonal Calendar
Domestic chores = women
Access to resources
Weak understanding of Agro-ecology
No credit
No land ownership Organization / Record keeping
Cultural Pride
Sustenance vs. Marketing
Poor Soil
People tired of questions
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Agro-ecological extension services
Fences Land Access
Low Risk Credit Access
Machinery / Animal Traction Possible needs: Record keeping/literacy,
association formation
Womens Market Farming:
Preliminary analysis
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Weaknesses: how could my group improve?
Linking culture to ecology
Differences in reported information from interviewees- How
to tell what is really happening? Broad interest leading to multiple focuses and lack of
clarity on research goals
Organization and Preparation
Proper Reflection
Interview Dynamics
Language Preparation
Term Identification/Translation
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Cont.
Weaknesses: how could my group improve?
Poor Commitment
Farmers Concern about Past Experiences with ResearchersBringing No Help/Broken Promises
Access to Other Groups' Research Findings
Not Enough Interviews with Farmers
Narrow Perspective: unable to visit all neighborhoods
Improve Understanding of the Objective
Clarify specific focus Learn how to apply PRA Tools
Coordinating Meetings, be precise inInterviews, Translation
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Weaknesses Performed a limited number of interviews and
produced few surveys
Did not reach all key informants (i.e. generalpopulation)
Group members had different objectives
Team not cohesive
Poor preparation and planning for interviews
Difficulty in finding the time to de-brief afterinterviews
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Weaknesses We met only 1 real/traditional herder
Data from informants was very similar
Not able to visit cattle in the bush Unable to access/interview shepherds
PRA tools not relevant, too time consuming, or difficult to
explain to herders
More time needed for greater depth or observations
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Strengths of methods and approach:What are some positives that my group could build from?
Respecting the time
High group efficiency
Good key informants and interviewees
Within-group cooperation- mutual understanding of each
others needs.
Sharing of information within group
Good Teamwork Between Translators
Courage and patience
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Strengths of methods and approach:
What are some positives that my group could build from?
Making Extra Efforts to Clarify that were Researchers
Access to Helpful Key Informants
Group-Building Trust with Interviewees Range of Views: interviewed multiple actors/identities
Broad Focus
Interviews
Translation
Frequent Meetings & Check-ins
Receptive to Knowledge
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Group dynamics
Translation
Energy Prior knowledge
Survey Comparisons
We all had the opportunity to ask questions
We asked strong, in-depth and well thought-out questions
We recognized when our interview questions began to
resemble those of other groups, and changed our focus.
Strengths of methods and approach:
What are some positives that my group could build from?