Preliminary Design ReviewSolar Thermal Water Heating System
Preliminary Design ReviewSolar Thermal Water Heating System
Team #5Team #5Team #5
San Diego, California
Team #5
San Diego, California
Ashley Tyler
Tyler Borden
Michael Cheney
Matthew Murray
Heather Hussain
Allison Schneider
Ashley Tyler
Tyler Borden
Michael Cheney
Matthew Murray
Heather Hussain
Allison Schneider
Agenda
• Introduction
• Floor Plan Layout
• House Elevation Drawings
• Foundation Analysis• Foundation Analysis
• Roof Truss Analysis
• Hydronic Subsystem Analysis
• Heat Transfer Analysis
• Building Thermal System Analysis
• Flat Plat Collector Analysis
• F-Chart Analysis
Floor Plan Layout
• Objectives
• Support the FPC solar thermal heating system
• Include the required living spaces.
Floor Plan Layout
�26’ x 44’
Floor Plan Layout
• 9 foot ceilings
• 26’ x 44’
Foundation Analysis
• Main concerns
• Secure for house structure including in times of natural
disaster – Seismic zone 4
• Basement has both livable and storage qualities• Basement has both livable and storage qualities
• Foundation protects from the intrusion of environment,
pests and soil
• Plastic wrap around total foundation
• Retains heat
• Styrofoam insulation
Foundation Analysis
• Other concerns
• Load bearing wall about 15’ from East or West wall to line
up with other structures.
• Footings• Footings
• Should have a width of 15” and a thickness of 6”
• At least 12” below surface
Foundation Analysis
• Solution #1- Masonry Foundation
• Cinderblock build
• 8 in blocks
• ≈ $2100 for blocks to create a maximum of a 8’8” • ≈ $2100 for blocks to create a maximum of a 8’8”
ceiling
• Rebar reinforcements (#4 to #5) every 48” with extra
around openings
Foundation Analysis
• Solution #2- Masonry Foundation
• Cinderblock build
• 10 in blocks
•
• ≈ $2700 for blocks to create a maximum of a 8’8” • ≈ $2700 for blocks to create a maximum of a 8’8”
ceiling
• Rebar reinforcements (#4 to #5) every 56” with extra
around openings
Foundation Analysis
• Solution #3- Poured Foundation• ≈ $10000 for enough concrete to pour to a maximum of
9’ ceilings
• Rebar reinforcements (#5 to #6) approximately every 48” • Rebar reinforcements (#5 to #6) approximately every 48” on north side with extra around openings
Roof Structure
• Objectives
• Support the weight of the roof and FPCs
• Total weight of roof ~ 6 tons (7lbs/ft2)
• Total weight of FPCs ~ 600lbs• Total weight of FPCs ~ 600lbs
• Protect the house from the environment
Roof Truss Analysis
• 3-Tab Shingles• 3-Tab Shingles
• Light weight
• 20-30 yrs
• Architectural Shingles*
• Heavy duty
• 30-50 yrs* Used for preliminary analysis
Hydronic Subsystem Analysis
• 28 gpm for 7 FPCs.
• Preliminary piping layout:
• Pump and heat exchanger located in the basement.
• ASTM B88 2.5” Type L Copper Pipe• ASTM B88 2.5” Type L Copper Pipe
• Head ~ 275ft
Building Thermal System AnalysisObjective
• Prevent heat transfer through the exterior walls of the home
by decreasing the overall heat transfer coefficient, U-Value
• Maximize the R-Values by varying the materials and
thicknesses of wall components
+
∆+
∆+
∆+∆
+∆
+=W
K
hk
x
k
x
k
x
k
xk
x
hR
outsidesiding
siding
plywood
plywood
stud
stud
insulation
insulation
gypsum
gypsum
insideValue
2m
111
11
+=K
W
RRU
StudsAtStudsBetweenValue 2
m
10.15
185.0
Building Thermal System Analysis
• Design Constraints
• Siding of the house is Vinyl
• Roofing of the house is Asphalt
• Assumptions• Assumptions
• Took average thermal conductivity when density varied within
a material
• Convert metric units to SI units at termination of calculations
• 16” studs on Center
• Sources of heat loss are not accounted for in the analysis
• Ceiling thermal analysis is independent of structural side
• Analyze interior to exterior heat transfer only
Building Thermal System AnalysisExterior Walls
ComponentHeat Transfer
MethodMaterial
Thermal
Conductivity
(W/mK)
inches millimeters Between
Studs
At Studs
Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12 0.12
Wallboard Conduction Gypsum
Board
0.625 15.875 0.16 0.09921875 0.09921875
R-Value
(m2K/W)
Thickness
Insulation
Loose FillConduction
Celluslosic
(milled paper
or wood pulp)
5.5 139.7
0.039
3.34324786 -
0.045
Stud Conduction
Spruce or
Eastern White
Pine
5.5 139.7 0.09 - 1.55222222
Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15 0.15
Siding Conduction Foil Backed 0.035 0.889 0.52 0.52
Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03 0.03
Total Thickness
(in)
Total Thickness
(m)
R-Value
(m2K/W)
R-Value
(m2K/W)
6.785 172.339 4.26246661 2.47144097
U-Value
(W/m2K)
U-Value
(W/m2K)
0.23460594 0.40462225
Total U-Value
(W/m2K)
Total U-Value
(BTU/hr ft2 °F)
0.26010839 0.04580779
Building Thermal System AnalysisExterior Walls
ComponentHeat Transfer
MethodMaterial
Thermal
Conductivity
(W/mK)
inches millimeters Between
Studs
At Studs
Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12 0.12
Wallboard Conduction Gypsum
Board
0.625 15.875 0.16 0.09921875 0.09921875
R-Value
(m2K/W)
Thickness
Stud Conduction
Spruce or
Eastern
White Pine
5.5 139.7 0.09 - 1.55222222
Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15 0.15
Siding Conduction Foil Backed 0.035 0.889 0.52 0.52
Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03 0.03
Total
Thickness (in)
Total
Thickness (m)
R-Value
(m2K/W)
R-Value
(m2K/W)
6.785 172.339 4.41171875 2.47144097
U-Value
(W/m2K)
U-Value
(W/m2K)
0.22666903 0.40462225
5.5 139.7 3.4925 -0.04ConductionGlass Fiber
Batts
Insulation
Blanket and
Batt
Total U-Value
(W/m2K)
Total U-Value
(BTU/hr ft2 °F)
0.25336201 0.04461968
Total U-Value
(W/m2K)
Total U-Value
(BTU/hr ft2 °F)
0.26010839 0.04580779
Loose Fill (previous)
Blanket and Batt
Building Thermal System AnalysisExterior Walls
ComponentHeat Transfer
MethodMaterial
Thermal
Conductivity
(W/mK)
inches millimeters Between
Studs
At Studs
Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12 0.12
Wallboard Conduction Gypsum
Board
0.625 15.875 0.16 0.09921875 0.09921875
R-Value
(m2K/W)
Thickness Total U-Value
(W/m2K)
Total U-Value
(BTU/hr ft2 °F)
0.26010839 0.04580779
Loose Fill
Insulation
Spray AppliedConduction Glass Fiber 5.5 139.7
0.038
3.62918354 -
0.039
Stud Conduction
Spruce or
Eastern White
Pine
5.5 139.7 0.09 - 1.55222222
Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15 0.15
Siding Conduction Foil Backed 0.035 0.889 0.52 0.52
Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03 0.03
Total Thickness
(in)
Total Thickness
(m)
R-Value
(m2K/W)
R-Value
(m2K/W)
6.785 172.339 4.54840229 2.47144097
U-Value
(W/m2K)
U-Value
(W/m2K)
0.21985742 0.40462225
Total U-Value
(W/m2K)
Total U-Value
(BTU/hr ft2
°F)
0.24757215 0.04360003
Total U-Value
(W/m2K)
Total U-Value
(BTU/hr ft2 °F)
0.25336201 0.04461968
Blanket and Batt
Spray Applied
Building Thermal System AnalysisExterior Walls
ComponentHeat Transfer
MethodMaterial
Thermal
Conductivity
(W/mK)
inches millimeters Between
Studs
At Studs
Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12 0.12
Wallboard Conduction Gypsum
Board
0.625 15.875 0.16 0.09921875 0.09921875
R-Value
(m2K/W)
ThicknessTotal U-Value
(W/m2K)
Total U-Value
(BTU/hr ft2 °F)
0.25336201 0.04461968
Total U-Value
(W/m2K)
Total U-Value
(BTU/hr ft2 °F)
0.26010839 0.04580779
Loose Fill
Blanket and Batt
Stud Conduction
Spruce or
Eastern
White Pine
5.5 139.7 0.09 - 1.55222222
Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15 0.15
Siding Conduction Foil Backed 0.035 0.889 0.52 0.52
Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03 0.03
Total
Thickness (in)
Total
Thickness (m)
R-Value
(m2K/W)
R-Value
(m2K/W)
3.285 83.439 3.59290296 2.47144097
U-Value
(W/m2K)
U-Value
(W/m2K)
0.27832647 0.40462225
50.8 2.67368421 -0.019
Insulation
Board and
Slab
ConductionPolyiso-
cyanurate2
Total U-Value
(W/m2K)
Total U-Value
(BTU/hr ft2 °F)
0.29727084 0.05235248
Total U-Value
(W/m2K)
Total U-Value
(BTU/hr ft2
°F)
0.24757215 0.04360003
Spray Applied
Board and Slab
Building Thermal System AnalysisCeiling Walls
ComponentHeat Transfer
MethodMaterial Thickness
Thermal
Conductivity
(W/mK)
R-Value
(m2K/W)
inches millimeters Between Studs At Studs
Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12 0.12
Insulation
Board and SlabConduction
Polyiso-
cyanurate5.5 139.7 0.019 7.35263158 -
Spruce or
Stud Conduction
Spruce or
Eastern White
Pine
5.5 139.7 0.09 - 1.55222222
Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15 0.15
Roofing Conduction Asphalt 0.035 0.889 0.078 0.078
Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03 0.03
R-Value
(m2K/W)
R-Value
(m2K/W)
7.73063158 1.93022222
U-Value
(W/m2K)
U-Value
(W/m2K)
0.12935554 0.51807506
Total U-Value
(W/m2K)
Total U-Value
(BTU/hr ft2 °F)
0.18766347 0.03304949
Building Thermal System AnalysisBasement Walls
• Foundations Engineer Provided two wall designs
• Cinderblocks
• Poured Concert – higher resistance to heat transfer
ComponentHeat Transfer
MethodMaterial Type Thickness
R-Value
(m2K/W)
U-Value
(W/m2K)
inches millimeters
Exterior Wall
Concrete
Blocks
ConductionLow-Mass
Aggregate
perlite-filled
cores8 203.2 0.985 1.01522843
vermiculite-
filled cores8 203.2 0.81 1.2345679
molder-EPS-
filled (beads)
cores
8 203.2 0.85 1.17647059
Exterior Wall
Poured
Concrete
Conduction Concrete
Sand and
Gravel or stone
aggregate
8 203.2 2.15 0.46511628
Building Thermal System AnalysisBasement Walls
Above Ground
ComponentHeat Transfer
MethodMaterial Thickness
Thermal
Conductivity
(W/mK)
R-Value
(m2K/W)
inches millimeters
Inside Film Conduction Inside Film 0.12
Wallboard Conduction Gypsum Board 0.625 15.875 0.16 0.09921875
Exterior Wall
Concrete BlocksConduction
Poured
Concrete
Sand and
Gravel or stone
aggregate
8 203.2 2.15
Plywood Conduction Plywood 0.625 15.875 0.15
Siding Conduction Foil Backed 0.035 0.889 0.52
Outside Film Convection Outside Film 0.03
Total R-Value
(m2K/W)
3.06921875
Total U-Value
(W/m2K)
Total U-Value
(BTU/hr ft2 °F)
0.32581581 0.05737955
Building Thermal System AnalysisCalculation of UA Value
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) Concrete PouredConcrete Poured
AppliedSpray ShinglesAsphalt
BelowBelowAboveAbove
ExteriorExteriorRoofRoofTotal
UAUA
UAUAUA
+
++=
( )
°=
Fhr
BTUUA Total 466.8625
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
+
+
+
=
°F fthr
BTU 0.4652540
°F fthr
BTU0.0574730
°F fthr
BTU 0.04362660
°F fthr
BTU 0.03301750
22
22
22
22
ftft
ftftUA Total
Solar Thermal System AnalysisFlat Plate Collector
• Average ambient temperature -70.5 degrees Fahrenheit
• Daily water usage - 80 gallons
• Tank temperature - 120 degrees Fahrenheit• Tank temperature - 120 degrees Fahrenheit
• Slope of panel - 32 degrees
• 1 Glazing coat - Low Iron Tempered Glass
• Test fluid -Water
• Absorber material - Copper
• Fuel type - Electric
Solar Thermal System Analysis
EP-40 EC-32
Domestic Hot Water System Only
EP-40 EC-32
Solar Thermal System AnalysisDomestic Hot Water System Only
EC-24EC-24• Best overall - EC-32 with 3 panels
•Highest Life Cycle Savings•Approx $5,000
•Total Solar fraction• .983
•Total weight•343 lbs
•Total cost of panels• $2609.91
Solar Thermal System AnalysisHeating & Water System
EP-40 EC-32
Solar Thermal System AnalysisHeating & Water System
EC-24 Best overall – EC-32 with 6 panelsEC-24 Best overall – EC-32 with 6 panels•Highest Life Cycle Savings
•Approx $7,500•Total Solar Fraction
•.966•Total weight
•686 lbs•Total cost of panels
• $5,219.82
Questions?
References
• http://www.energysavers.gov/your_home/insulation_airseali
ng/index.cfm?mytopic=11510
• http://www.pima.org/ContentPage/wall-insulation.aspx
• http://rvalue.net/• http://rvalue.net/
• Fundamentals of Heat Transfer Textbook
• 2009 Ashrae Handbook - Database