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No. 2, 2014 Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor 1 MINING AND METALLURGY INSTITUTE BOR ISSN: 2334-8836 UDK: 622 UDK: 622.271:504.06(045)=20 DOI:10.5937/MMEB1402001M Miroslava Maksimović * , Milenko Jovanović * , Goran Pačkovski * , Vladan Marinković * PRELIMINARY GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION WORKS IN ORDER TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE AREA OF INACTIVE ECOLOGICAL MINING FIELD ** Abstract Bor is otherwise a typical mining town, founded by the mine. Continued economic activity in the dominant area of extractive industry, related to the copper ore mining and processing, then for meta- llurgy and complementary industrial activities, what is of great importance for the town and the munici- pality. The northern part of the Timok magmatic complex and the Bor metallogenic zone, or the Bor mining region, covers the area in which the most significant ore fields are Bor, Veliki Krivelj Cerovo, Majdanpek, Blagojev Kamen and others. The largest technogenic formations were separated in the immediate vicinity of the Bor and Krivelj mine, and they are presented by formations originated by exploitation of mineral copper deposits (overburden) and mineral processing (flotation tailing dumps) in the immediate vicinity of Bor. Designed exploration works in the area of environmental inactive mining field were aimed to prepare the conditions for environment management, remediation of tailing dumps and landfills for disposal of mining waste in the Bor mining areas as well as the rehabilitation of eco- logical problems in the ore region of Bor. Exploration works included the study of the field: for disposal the tailings from Veliki Krivelj area of the Old Bor Tailing Dump (East), Saraka overburden dump, south-eastern overburden dump and RTH. Keywords: technogenic formations, inactive ecological exploitation field, ore mining, tailing dump, landfills for disposal of mining waste * Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor ** This work is the result of the Project TR37001 “The Impact of Mining Waste from RTB Bor on the Pollution of Surrounding Water Systems with the Proposal of Measures and Procedures for Reduc- tion Harmful Effects on the Environment”, funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Tech- nological Development of the Republic of Serbia INTRODUCTION Morphology of the terrain in the area of wider surrounding of exploration area affects the methods and conditions of explo- ration and exploitation, and the conditions of transport the ore and concentrate, and dis- posal of technogenic formations. Similarly is with the hydrological conditions, especially the waterways. Intensive volcanic activity (the late Mesozoic and during Cenozoic) had a significant impact on the terrain relief in wider area of Bor, followed by strong tec- tonic movements. Tectonic movements, which are reflected in the breaking out, gravitational and reverse movements of blocks, as well as folding of the field, re- sulted in the primary modelling of geo- morphologic forms, which were further modified by the influence of exogenous factors.
Transcript
Page 1: PRELIMINARY GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION WORKS IN ORDER TO … · PRELIMINARY GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION WORKS IN ORDER TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE AREA OF INACTIVE ECOLOGICAL MINING

No. 2, 2014 Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor 1

MINING AND METALLURGY INSTITUTE BOR ISSN: 2334-8836

UDK: 622

UDK: 622.271:504.06(045)=20 DOI:10.5937/MMEB1402001M

Miroslava Maksimović*, Milenko Jovanović

*, Goran Pačkovski*,

Vladan Marinković*

PRELIMINARY GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION WORKS IN ORDER TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN

THE AREA OF INACTIVE ECOLOGICAL MINING FIELD**

Abstract

Bor is otherwise a typical mining town, founded by the mine. Continued economic activity in the dominant area of extractive industry, related to the copper ore mining and processing, then for meta-llurgy and complementary industrial activities, what is of great importance for the town and the munici-pality. The northern part of the Timok magmatic complex and the Bor metallogenic zone, or the Bor mining region, covers the area in which the most significant ore fields are Bor, Veliki Krivelj Cerovo, Majdanpek, Blagojev Kamen and others. The largest technogenic formations were separated in the immediate vicinity of the Bor and Krivelj mine, and they are presented by formations originated by exploitation of mineral copper deposits (overburden) and mineral processing (flotation tailing dumps) in the immediate vicinity of Bor. Designed exploration works in the area of environmental inactive mining field were aimed to prepare the conditions for environment management, remediation of tailing dumps

and landfills for disposal of mining waste in the Bor mining areas as well as the rehabilitation of eco-logical problems in the ore region of Bor. Exploration works included the study of the field: for disposal the tailings from Veliki Krivelj area of the Old Bor Tailing Dump (East), Saraka overburden dump, south-eastern overburden dump and RTH.

Keywords: technogenic formations, inactive ecological exploitation field, ore mining, tailing dump, landfills for disposal of mining waste

* Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor ** This work is the result of the Project TR37001 “The Impact of Mining Waste from RTB Bor on the

Pollution of Surrounding Water Systems with the Proposal of Measures and Procedures for Reduc-tion Harmful Effects on the Environment”, funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Tech-nological Development of the Republic of Serbia

INTRODUCTION

Morphology of the terrain in the area

of wider surrounding of exploration area

affects the methods and conditions of explo-

ration and exploitation, and the conditions of transport the ore and concentrate, and dis-

posal of technogenic formations. Similarly is

with the hydrological conditions, especially

the waterways.

Intensive volcanic activity (the late

Mesozoic and during Cenozoic) had a

significant impact on the terrain relief in

wider area of Bor, followed by strong tec-

tonic movements. Tectonic movements,

which are reflected in the breaking out,

gravitational and reverse movements of

blocks, as well as folding of the field, re-sulted in the primary modelling of geo-

morphologic forms, which were further

modified by the influence of exogenous

factors.

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No. 2, 2014 Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor 2

However, the formation of current look

of relief was influenced by the economic

activity in the mineral-raw material complex

(Figures 1, 2, 3). The processes of exploita-

tion, preparation, and processing of ore in Bor and its surroundings, caused the changes

of relief and formation of some inverse mor-

phological forms, such as the open pits and

landfills (rock overburden, mining waste,

flotation tailings, smelter slags, calcined

pyrite).

Exploitation of the Bor deposit, since the beginning of the last century, has in-cluded 26 ore bodies, largely at the same time by the and underground mining (Fi-gure 1). Thereby was obtained total of 146 270 000 tons of ore from which copper was extracted 2,437 million tons of metal copper, 139 140 kg of gold and 415 000 kg silver. It was also excavated 436,2 mil-lion tons of waste mass (overburden and associated rocks).

Figure 1 The Old Bor Open Pit (August 2005)

The exploitation of copper deposit at

the old open pit in Bor (Figure 1), and later

by the underground mining as well as en-

richment of ore and production of conce-

ntrate in the Bor Flotation Plant, have

caused the changes paleorelief in terms of

degradation the natural terrain, creating the

elevations of accumulated material of flota-

tion tailings. Metallurgical treatment of

concentrates resulted in the formation of slag landfill. The largest amount of slag is

disposed at the site between the open pit

and ore body "H" and former Pralište of the

workshops at the old open pit, and this lo-

cation is known as the "Slag Depot – 1” [I].

The first works on stripping the open

pit Veliki Krivelj began in 1979. Excava-

tion of copper ore began in 1982, and total

were excavated and processed about 198

million tons of ore with about 689.000

tons of copper metal and approximately 179 million tons of tailings (Figure 2).

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No. 2, 2014 Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor 3

Figure 2 View of the open pit Veliki Krivelj (2012)

Processing of copper ore from the open pit Veliki Krivelj is performed in the Flotation Plant Veliki Krivelj. The de-signed capacity of the Veliki Krivelj Flo-tation Plant is 8 000 000 tons of dry ore per year, or expressed by hour capacity of 342.5 t/h of dry ore per section.

The tailing dump Veliki Krivelj is, due to different time of construction and use,

divided into two parts - the fields. Field 1

is located between Dams 1 and 2, and

Field 2 is the area between the Dams 2

and 3. The use of Field 1 began in De-

cember 1982 and it was temporarily sus-

pended in September 1990. Field 2 has

been used since September 1990 and to-

day is active.

Figure 3 Dam 2 of the Veliki Krivelj flotation tailing dump (2011)

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No. 2, 2014 Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor 4

PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION WORKS

Preliminary exploration works are fo-

cused on testing the field for exploration,

rehabilitation, remediation and reclamation: the Old Bor flotation tailing dump: landfill

of tailings of the Veliki Krivelj dump, stabi-lity of the Dams 2 and 3 on Field 2, Saraka

overburden dump, south-eastern overburden

dump and RTH (Figure 4).

Figure 4 Location plan of landfills and tailing dumps (2011)

The basic aims of exploration are:

1. from landfills and remediation

(mainly mining waste material),

2. stability of the dams,

3. water control (storm water, water refilling, water leakage, uncontro-

lled water leakage and sludge spi-lling),

4. closure and remediation of tailing

dump in Bor, and partially re-plan-

ting of vegetation, and

5. monitoring and maintenance after

construction.

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No. 2, 2014 Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor 5

Special attention is given to the reha-

bilitation/re-routing the bypass of the river

(collector) that is now below the tailing

dump Veliki Krivelj.

The objectives of this particular task are:

1. investigation of the location,

2. design works,

3. development the impacts on the

environment,

4. development the plan of environ-

ment management,

5. preparation the monitoring plan for

rehabilitation and remediation.

Specific objectives:

1. Implementation of environmental

studies of the field and geological

and hydrogeological explorations

to obtain data for future remedia-

tion/reclamation of the land;

2. Elaborate of inputs for full assess-

ment the impact on the environ-

ment, the projects of environmental

management and remediation pro-

jects of the locations.

Preliminary geological works include:

exploration drilling to take samples for de-

termination the chemical composition,

leaching tests, mining waste and flotation

tailings, determination the geological struc-

ture of paleorelief, installation of piezome-ters to monitor the quality and level of water,

taking samples for acid generation tests and

neutralization of engineering-geological

explorations to determine the stability of

dams (Maksimović M., 2011., 2012.).

In addition to geological explorations in

the field, further explorations include some

specific activities that are relevant to the

rehabilitation and reclamation of the subject

areas. These activities include: sampling of

surface soil (potential) surfaces of the mine landfills and tailing dumps for testing the

acid generalization and neutralization; tests

of biological reclamation, including small-

scale tests on the ground with plants; tests

for biological reclamation suitable for as-

sessment the plant growth conditions.

In general, the field research began with

detailed penetration testing the ground of

landfill of the mine waste and flotation tail-

ings to assess the composition of the soil.

Further explorations were continued by ex-ploration drilling. The final position and

depth of the piezometers were selected on

the basis of penetration tests and core drill-

ing and soil stratigraphy as determined dur-

ing drilling.

Static network test probes, up to 5 feet

deep, were performed before the testing

network of shear and core drilling.

In order to verify the effectiveness of

the proposed stability and measures to

reduce leakage, a comprehensive monitor-

ing plan that was developed and imple-mented, consists of instrumental monitor-

ing and visual inspection.

THE RESULTS OF CONDUCTED EXPLORATIONS AND TESTING

Flotation tailing dumps and dams on

tailing dumps, over the years were built

from materials of cyclone tailings, consist-

ing of fine grained (silty) to coarse grained

sand (loose material).

Stability of the dam is secured until the

groundwater level within the body of the dam can be maintained below maximum

safe level, especially taking into account the

expected seismic conditions. The current

efforts to control the groundwater levels are

insufficient as evidenced by high amount of

(contaminated) leakage that now appears

through the dam (Maksimović M., 2011,

2012.).

For successful implementation the re-

mediation Project, it is necessary that the

current flow of leachate to be stopped.

Before taking actions, it is recommended to conduct firstly a rapid assessment of the

risk to determine the potential impacts of

possible collapse of dams and to evaluate the

effectiveness and scope of the proposed re-

mediation measures and remediation and

reclamation of inactive landfills.

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No. 2, 2014 Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor 6

On the basis of realized explorations

and testing, it was determined that the

following measures have to be taken:

- Plan of vegetation should be adopted for the slopes of dams to prevent the

future surface erosions the filling of

dams;

- Redesign of the drainage system to prevent leakage and improve the stabil-

ity of the systematic and effective low-

ering the groundwater levels within

dams and in their immediate vicinity.

CONCLUSION

The exploration area, located in the ar-

ea of environmental inactive mining field,

is the space, in which the presence of haz-

ardous and harmful substances is con-

firmed caused by human activity in con-

centrations that may cause a significant

risk to the human health and environment.

The area of environmental inactive

mining field was explored by the explora-

tion drill holes from the field surface. The

realized geological explorations provided the preliminary data on geological struc-

ture, physico-mechanical and hydrological

characteristics of the areas of ecological

inactive mining field.

Based on the results of realized explora-

tions and testing, the further measures were

proposed for rehabilitation of the subject

area, and reduction of pollution. Further

explorations will get the results to take

measures to stop further pollution and envi-

ronmental degradation to a level that is safe

for the future use of the site including land-scaping, rehabilitation and reclamation.

REFERENCES

[1] Maksimović M., Nikolić K., et al.,

Elaborate on Reserves of the Copper

Deposit Bor (Ore Bodies “Brezanik”,

“Tilva Roš“ and “P2A”), state on

31/12/2004–textual part, Fund of

Technical Documentation, Geology

Department, MMI, Bor; 2005, p.144.

[2] Maksimović M.: Project of Detailed Geological Explorations of Copper and

Other Useful Components in the Area

of the Old Flotation Tailing Dump in Bor (Field 1 and Field 2), in 2011/12,

Fund of Technical Documentation,

Geology Department, MMI Bor; 2011,

p. 44.

[3] Maksimović M.: Project of Explora-tions and Testing the Flotation Tailing

Dumpsand Open Pit Waste Dumps

Bor, in the Area of Inactive Ecological

Exploitation Field Related to the

Activities of Remediation by the

World Bank, Fund of Technical Docu-

mentation, Geology Department, MMI

Bor; 2011, p. 55.

[4] Maksimović M.: Project of Geologi-cal-Ecological Exploration and Tes-ting Within the Endangered Ecological

Zone – Tailing Dumps in Bor (Dam 2),

Fund of Technical Docu-mentation,

Geology Department, MMI Bor; 2012,

p. 20.

[5] Maksimović M.: Elaborate on Realized Geological Explorations and Testing

the Flotation Tailing Dumps and Open

Pit Waste Dumps Bor, in the Area of

Inactive Ecological Exploitation Field

Related to the Activities of Reme-

diation by the World Bank, in the

period 2011/12, Fund of Technical

Documentation, Geology Department, MMI Bor; 2012, p. 83.

[6] Report of the Consulting Company Witteveen + Bos, according to the

Project of the World Bank "Bor

Regional Development", the compo-

nent A - remediation of the flotation

tailing dumps and relocation the

Krivelj collector, Fund of Technical

Documentation, Geology Department,

MMI Bor; 2012, p. 50.

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Broj 2, 2014. Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor 7

INSTITUT ZA RUDARSTVO I METALURGIJU BOR ISSN: 2334-8836

UDK: 622

UDK: 622.271:504.06(045)=861 DOI:10.5937/MMEB1402001M

Miroslava Maksimović*, Milenko Jovanović*, Goran Pačkovski*, Vladan Marinković*

PRELIMINARNI GEOLOŠKI ISTRAŽNI RADOVI U CILJU UPRAVLJANJA ŽIVOTNOM SREDINOM NA PROSTORU

NEAKTIVNOG EKOLOŠKOG EKSPLOATACIONOG POLJA**

Izvod

Bor je inače tipični rudarski grad, nastao uz rudnik. Nastavak privređivanja u dominantnoj oblasti ekstraktivne industrije, vezanoj za eksploataciju i preradu rude bakra, zatim za metalurgiju i komplementarne industrijske delatnosti, od izuzetnog je značaja za grad i opštinu. Severni deo timočkog magmatskog kompleksa i borske metalogenetske zone, odnosno borski rudni reon, obuhvata prostor u kome su najznačajnija rudna polja Bor, Veliki Krivelj, Cerovo, Majdanpek, Blagojev Kamen i dr.

Najveće tehnogene tvorevine izdvojene su u neposrednoj okolini Borskog i Kriveljskog rudnika, i

predstavljene su tvorevinama koje su nastale eksploatacijom rudnih ležišta bakra (raskrivka) i pripremom mineralnih sirovina (flotacijska jalovišta), u neposrednoj okolini Bora.

Projektovani istražni radovi na prostoru neaktivnog ekološkog eksploatacionog polja imali su za cilj da se pripreme uslovi za upravljanje životnom sredinom, remedijacijom jalovišta i deponija za odlaganje rudničkog otpada u Borskoj rudarskoj oblasti, kao i sanacija ekoloških problema u rudnom reonu Bor. Istražni radovi obuhvatili su istraživanje terena: za odlaganje jalovine Veliki Krivelj, pros-tora Starog Borskog jalovišta, (Istok) Saraka deponija jalovine, jugo-istočne deponije jalovine i RTH.

Ključne reči: tehnogene tvorevine, neaktivno ekološko eksploataciono polje, eksploatacija rude, jalovišta, deponije za odlaganje rudničkog otpada

* Institut za rudarstvo i metalurgiju Bor

** Ovaj rad je rezultat Projekta br TR: 37001 „Uticaj rudarskog otpada iz RTB Bor na zagađenje

vodotokova, sa predlogom mera i postupaka za smanjenje štetnog dejstva na životnu sredinu“, finansiranog od strane Ministarstva prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije.

UVOD

Morfologija terena na području šire

okoline istražnog prostora, bitno utiče na

način i uslove istraživanja i eksploatacije, te

uslove transporta rude i koncentrata, i načina

odlaganja tehnogenih tvorevina. Slično je i

sa hidrološkim uslovima, a pre svega vode-

nim tokovima.

Na reljef terena, u širem području Bora, znatan uticaj imala je intenzivna vulkanska

aktivnost (krajem mezozoika i tokom keno-

zoika), praćena snažnim tektonskim pokre-

tima. Tektonski pokreti, koji se ogledaju

u razlamanju, gravitacionim i reversnim

pokretima blokova, kao i u nabiranju terena,

uticali su na primarno modeliranje geomor-

foloških oblika, koji su dalje modifikovani

uticajem egzogenih faktora.

Međutim, na formiranje sadašnjeg

izgleda reljefa uticala je i privredna aktivnost

u mineralno-sirovinskom privrednom komp-

leksu (slike 1, 2, 3). Procesi eksploatacije, pripreme, i prerade ruda u Boru i okolini,

uslovili su promene reljefa i nastajanje

pojedinih inverznih morfoloških oblika, kao

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Broj 2, 2014. Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor 8

što su površinski kopovi i deponije (stenske

otkrivke, rudničke jalovine, flotacijske jalo-

vine, topioničke šljake, piritnih ogoretina).

Eksploatacija borskog ležišta, od početka

prošlog veka, zahvatila je 26 rudnih tela, dobrim delom u isto vreme površinskom i

podzemnom eksploatacijom, (slika 1). Pri

tome je dobijeno ukupno 146.270.000 t rude

bakra iz koje je estrakovano 2.437.000 tona

metala bakra, 139.140 kg zlata i 415.000 kg

srebra. Takođe je otkopano i 436.200.000 tona jalove mase (otkrivke i pratećih stena).

Sl. 1. Stari borski površinski kop (avgust 2005)

Eksploatacija ležišta bakra, starim

površinskim kopom u Boru (slika 1.10), a

kasnije i podzemnom eksploatacijom, kao i obogaćivanje rude i dobijanje koncentrata u

borskoj flotaciji, uslovile su izmene paleo-

reljefa, u smislu degradacije prirodnog re-

ljefa, uz stvaranje uzvišenja od nagomilanih

materijala flotacijske jalovine. Metalurška

prerada koncentrata uslovila je stvaranje

deponija šljake. Najveća količina šljake

odložena je na lokalitetu između povr-

šinskog kopa rudnog tela „H“ i bivšeg

prališta radionice starog površinskog kopa,

pa je ova lokacija poznata kao „Depo šljake – 1. (Maksimović M., Nikolić K., 2005.).

Prvi radovi na raskrivanju na površin-

skom kopu Veliki Krivelj počeli su 1979.

godine. Otkopavanje rude bakra počelo je

1982. godine i ukupno je otkopano i prera-

đeno oko 198 miliona tona rude sa oko

689.000 tona metala bakra i oko 179 miliona

tona jalovine. (slika 2)

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Broj 2, 2014. Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor 9

Sl. 2. Izgled PK Veliki Krivelj (2012)

Prerada rude bakra površinskog kopa

Veliki Krivelj obavlja se u pogonu Flotacija

Veliki Krivelj. Projektovani kapacitet Flo-tacije Veliki Krivelj je 8.000.000 tona suve

rude godišnje, ili iskazano preko časovnog

kapaciteta 342,5 t/h suve rude po sekciji.

Jalovište Flotacije Veliki Krivelj je,

zbog različitog vremena izgradnje i kori-

šćenja podeljeno u dva dela – polja. Polje 1

zauzima prostor između brana 1 i 2, a polje 2

prostor između brana 2 i 3. Korišćenje polja

1 je započelo u decembru 1982. g., a

privremeno prekinuto septembra 1990. g.

Polje 2 se koristi od septembra 1990. g. i

danas je aktivno.

Sl. 3. Brana 2 kriveljskog flotacijskog jalovišta (2011)

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Broj 2, 2014. Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor 10

PRELIMINARNI ISTRAŽNI RADOVI

Preliminarni istražni radovi usmereni su

na ispitivanje terena za istraživanje, sana-

ciju, remedijaciju i rekultivaciju: Starog Borskog flotacijskog jalovišta: deponije

jalovine odlagališta Veliki Krivelj, stabil-nost Brane, 2 i 3 na polju 2, Saraka

deponije jalovine, jugo-istočne deponije

jalovine i RTH. (slika 4).

Sl. 4. Situacioni plan deponija i odlagališta jalovine (2011)

CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA

Osnovni ciljevi istraživanja su:

1. Mere suzbijanja isticanja otpadnih voda sa deponija i remedijacije

(uglavnom materijal rudničke

jalovine).

2. Stabilnost brana, 3. Upravljanje vodom (atmosferske

vode, vode iz pretakanja, curenje

vode, nekontrolisanje curenje vode

i izlivanje mulja),

4. Zatvaranje i remedijacija deponija

jalovine u Boru, i delimično ponov-no obnavljanje (sađenje) vegetacije i,

5. Monitoring i održavanje posle

izgradnje.

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Broj 2, 2014. Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor 11

Posebna pažnja posvećena je rehabili-

taciji/preusmeravanju baj-pasa reke (kole-

ktor) koji je sada ispod jalovišta Veliki

Krivelj.

Ciljevi ovog posebnog zadatka su:

1. ispitivanje lokacije,

2. projektni radovi,

3. razvoj uticaja na životnu sredinu,

4. izrada plana upravljanja životnom

sredinom,

5. priprema plana monitoringa za re-

habilitaciju i remedijacija.

Specifični ciljevi

1. Sprovođenje ekološkog ispitivanja

terena i geološka i hidrogeološka istraživanja radi dobijanja podataka

za buduću remedijaciju/rekultivaciju

zemljišta;

2. Elaborat ulaza za punu procenu uticaja na životnu sredinu, projekti

upravljanja zaštitom životne sredi-

ne i projekti sanacije lokacija.

Preliminarni geološki radovi obuhvataju:

istražno bušenje radi uzimanja uzoraka za utvrđivanja hemijskog sastava, testove

luženja, rudničke i flotacijske jalovine,

utvrđivanje geološke građe paleoreljefa,

ugradnju piezometara radi praćenja kvaliteta

i nivoa voda, uzimanje uzoraka za testove

generacije kiseline i neutralizacije inže-

njersko-geološka ispitivanja radi utvrđivanja

stabilnosti brana (Maksimović M., 2011.,

2012.).

Pored geoloških istraživanja na terenu,

dalja istraživanja obuhvataju neke specifične

aktivnosti koje su relevantne za sanaciju i rekultivaciju predmetnih prostora. Ove

aktivnosti su: uzorkovanje površinskog zem-

ljišta (potencijalnih) površina deponija rud-

ničke i flotacijske jalovine radi izrade

testova generalizacije kiselina i neutraliza-

cije; testova biološke rekultivacije uključu-

jući i testove malog obima na terenu sa

biljkama; testove biološke rekultivacije za

procenu podobnosti za uslove rasta biljaka.

Uopšteno, istraživanje terena počela su

sa detaljnijim testovima prodiranja osnove

odlagališta rudničke i flotacijske jalovine

radi procene sastava tla. Dalji istraživanja

nastavljena su istražnim bušenjem. Finalni

položaj i dubina piezometara su odabrani

na osnovu testova prodiranja i jezgrenog bušenja i stratigrafije zemljišta koja je

utvrđena tokom bušenja.

Mreža testova statičkog sondiranja, do

5 metara dubine, izvedena je pre mreže

testiranja smicanja i jezgrenog bušenja.

U cilju provere efikasnosti predložene

stabilnosti i mera za smanjenje curenja,

sveobuhvatan plan monitoringa koji je

urađen i sproveden, sastoji se od instru-

mentalnog praćenja i vizuelne inspekcije.

Rezultati izvedenih istraživanja i ispiti-

vanja Flotacijska jalovišta i same brane na

jalovištima, su godinama građene od mate-

rijala ciklonske jalovine, koji se sastoji od

finozrnastog (alevritskog) do krupno-zrna-

stog peska (rastresitog materjala).

Stabilnost brana je osigurana sve dok se

nivo podzemnih voda unutar tela brana

može održavati ispod bezbednog maksi-

malnog nivoa, posebno uzimajući u obzir

očekivane seizmičke uslove. Sadašnji napori

da se kontroliše nivo podzemnih voda su nedovoljni što dokazuje visok iznos (konta-

miniranog) curenja koja se sada pojavljuju

kroz brane. (Maksimović M., 2011, 2012.)

Za uspešnu realizaciju Projekta reme-

dijacije neophodno je da trenutni priliv

procednih voda bude zaustavljen.

Pre preduzimanja mera, preporučuje se

da se prvo sprovede brza procena rizika radi

utvrđivanja eventualnih uticaja mogućeg

propadanja brana i da se proveri efikasnost i

obim predloženih mera sanacije aktivnih

jalovišta i remedijacije i rekultivacije neaktivnih deponija.

Na osnovu izvedenih istraživanja i

ispitivanja utvrđeno je da treba preduzeti

sledeće mere:

- Plan vegetacije treba da bude donešen za kosine brana u cilju sprečavanja

buduće površinske erozije ispune

brane;

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Broj 2, 2014. Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor 12

- Redizajn drenažnog sistema za spreča-vanje curenja i poboljšanje stabilnosti

kroz sistematsko i efikasno spuštanje

nivoa podzemnih voda unutar brana i u

njihovoj neposrednoj blizini.

ZAKLJUČAK

Istražni prostor koji se nalazi na

području neaktivnog ekološkog eksploata-

cionog polja je prostor, na kome je potvr-đeno prisustvo, opasnih i štetnih materija

uzrokovano ljudskom aktivnošću, u koncen-

tracijama koje mogu izazvati značajan rizik

po ljudsko zdravlje i životnu sredinu.

Područje neaktivnog ekološkog eksploa-

tacionog polja istraživan je istražnim bušo-

tinama sa površine terena. Izvedenim geolo-

škim istraživanjima dobijeni su preliminarni

podaci o geološkoj gradi, fizičko-meha-

ničkim i hidrogeološkim osobinama, pod-

ručja neaktivnog ekološkog eksploatacionog

polja. Na osnovu rezultata izvršenih istraži-

vanja i ispitivanja predložene su dalje mere

radi sanacije predmetnog prostora, i sma-

njenja zagađenja. Daljim istraživanjima

dobiće se rezultati za preduzimanja mera za

zaustavljanje zagađenja i dalje degradacije

životne sredine do nivoa koji je bezbedan za

buduće korišćenje lokacije uključujući ure-

đenje prostora, revitalizaciju i rekultivaciju.

LITERATURA

[1] Maksimović M., Nikolić K. i dr.: Elaborat o rezervama ležišta bakra Bor

(rudna tela “Brezanik”, “Tilva Roš“ i

“P2A”), stanje 31.12.2004.-tekstualni

deo, Fond stručne dokumentacije,

Odeljenje za geologiju IRM, Bor;

2005, s. 144.

[2] Maksimović M.: Projekat detaljnih geoloških istraživanja bakra i drugih

korisnih komponenti na prostoru

Starog flotacijskog jalovišta u Boru

(Polje 1 i Polje 2), u 2011/12. godini, Fond stručne dokumentacije Odeljenje

za geologiju IRM, Bor; 2011, s. 44.

[3] Maksimović M.: Projekat istraživanja i ispitivanja flotacijskih i kopovskih

jalovišta Bor, na području neaktivnog

ekološkog eksploatacionog polja,

vezano za aktivnosti na remedijaciji od

strane Svetske banke, Fond stručne

dokumentacije Odeljenje za geologiju

IRM, Bor; 2011, s. 55.

[4] Maksimović M.: Projekat geološko-ekološkog istraživanja i ispitivanja u

okviru ugrožene ekološke zone –

Jalovišta u Boru (Brana 2), Fond

stručne dokumentacije Odeljenje za geologiju IRM, Bor; 2012, s. 20.

[5] Maksimović M.: Elaborat o izvršenim geološkim istraživanjima i ispitiva-

njima flotacijskih i kopovskih jalovišta

Bor, na području neaktivnog ekolo-

škog eksploatacionog polja, vezano za

aktivnosti na remedijaciji od strane

Svetske banke, u periodu 2011/12.

Godine, Fond stručne dokumentacije

Odeljenje za geologiju IRM, Bor;

2012, s. 83.

[6] Izveštaj konsultantske kuće Witteveen + Bos, po Projektu Svetske banke ”Bor

regional development“, komponenta

A-remedijacija flotacijskih jalovišta i

izmeštanje kriveljskog kolektora., Fond stručne dokumentacije Odeljenje

za geologiju IRM, Bor; 2012, s. 50.


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