If you disagree with any information contained herein, please advise immediately.
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Project Memo H348108
January 15, 2015
To: Sean Fairfield/Steven Hitchinson From: Joaquin Moran Algonquin Power Co. General Engineering Services - Chaplin Wind Project
Noise Assessment for Chaplin Wind Project
1. Introduction Algonquin Power Co. (Algonquin) is developing the 177-MW Chaplin Wind Project in the Rural Municipality of Chaplin, Saskatchewan. The project will comprise between 58 and 88 wind turbines installed in rural areas.
As part of the environmental permitting phase of the project, Algonquin has retained Hatch Ltd. (Hatch) to prepare a noise assessment study for the facility. The noise assessment would assume the use of all 88 pads, in order to evaluate the worst-case scenario in terms of noise impact on the receptors.
2. Methodology Since the Province of Saskatchewan does not have any guidelines for sound level modeling for wind turbines, the sound pressure levels at the Points of Reception (POR) used to model the noise receptors were predicted using procedures from the standard ISO 9613-2 (Reference [6]), which is widely used for evaluation of noise impact in environmental assessments recommended in the Ontario Noise Guidelines for Wind Farms document (Reference [1]).
The software package CADNA-A, which implements ISO 9613-2 standard, was used to predict the noise levels at the POR. The acoustical parameters modelled in CADNA-A model correspond to the guidelines provided by the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) in their Noise Guidelines for Wind Farms publication (Reference [1]). Any obstacle, (ground surface or physical barrier) that did not break the source-POR line of sight was not taken into account as attenuation contribution (no negative path difference), which contributes to a conservative estimate of the sound pressure levels at the receptor locations.
For modelling purposes, the vegetation and other obstacles (such as barns) that block some of the POR from the sources have not been incorporated. Exclusion of these obstacles from the model results in more conservative sound pressure levels predicted at the POR. In reality, these obstacles may help reduce noise impact at the POR.
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2.1 Project Location The Project is to be located within the boundaries of the Rural Municipality of Chaplin in the Province of Saskatchewan. Figure A.1 in Appendix A shows the geographical location of the Project along with topographical features.
2.2 Noise Sources A total of 88 Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) and one substation transformer were evaluated in this study. Table B.1 and Table B.2 in Appendix B present the coordinates of each source included in the model. The sound power levels of the sources are listed in Table B.3.
At this time the finalization of the preferred turbine has not been completed, however, in order to produce a conservative sound emission, a generic sound power level for a typical 2.3 MW WTG at 7 m/s was used for the study. Previous experience with 2.3 MW WTGs shows that noise emissions are the worst at 7 m/s. The point noise sources representing the WTGs were assumed at 80.0 m above ground level as a conservative approximation. The turbine height for the Chaplin Project could be above 80 m, reducing even more the noise impact on receptors.
Hatch has used this methodology in several jurisdictions in North America and this is acceptable to demonstrate a conservative modeled sound profile. Nevertheless, the acoustical model will be updated with the manufacturer’s specified sound power level as soon as the WTG model is selected.
The transformer make and model have not been selected at this point, although it is known that the 34.5-kV/138-kV/175-MVA transformer will be of ONAF (Oil Natural Air Forced) type. A conservative estimate of sound power level was based on the data from the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standard TR 1 – 1993 (2000). This standard provides the maximum sound level values for transformers, and manufacturers routinely meet this specification. The results, based on NEMA, slightly overestimate the impact on the POR since the actual transformer to be procured for the project will be below the NEMA specified sound levels.
The NEMA levels were converted into frequency spectra using empirical correlations for transformer noise from Reference [2]. This calculation is available in Figure B.1 of Appendix B. The point noise source elevation representing the transformer was assumed at 5.0 m above ground level.
Power transformers are considered to be tonal noise sources. A 5-dB penalty was added to the sound power spectrum, as recommended by Publication NPC-104, “Sound Level Adjustments” for tonality.
2.3 Noise Receptors The noise receptors modeled in the study were provided by Algonquin Power, which obtained their locations from high resolution satellite imagery, discussion with landowners, as well as site inspections. All Noise Receptors within the Project study area, which are a minimum 500 m from any proposed wind turbine, in compliance with the Rural Municipality of Chaplin interim development control bylaw, were assessed and included in this noise report.
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© Hatch 2015 All rights reserved, including all rights relating to the use of this document or its contents.
The noise receptors were represented by points of reception (POR) in the CADNA model placed in the middle of the receptor footprint and elevated at 4.5 m above ground. The minimum distance between WTGs and all potential receptors was kept above 500 m.
The total number of noise receptors located within the Project study area is 39.
It is important to note that over half of the receptors are located on land that is participating in the project (i.e., contains project infrastructure: wind turbines, roads or electrical components).
3. Results For this study, the overall ground attenuation coefficient was assumed to be 0.7 as recommended by Reference [1]. A 40.0 dBA sound pressure value was used as the compliance criterion for the POR used to model the noise receptors, which is in compliance with the Ontario Ministry of Environment guidelines. Table C.1 in Appendix C presents calculated sound pressure levels at the POR along with the distances to the nearest WTG and substation transformer. Figure C.1 displays sound pressure contours calculated at 4.5 m.
4. Summary For the Chaplin Wind Project, the sound pressure levels at the noise receptors have been estimated using the CADNA-A model based on ISO 9613-2 as recommended by the Ontario Noise Guidelines for Wind Farms. The performance limits used for compliance also correspond to those recommended by Ontario guidelines, rural areas with a 40.0-dBA limit. The point noise sources representing the WTGs were assumed at 80.0 m above ground level as a conservative approximation. The turbine height for the Chaplin Project could be above 80 m, reducing even more the noise impact on receptors.
Based on the results obtained in this study, it is concluded that the sound pressure levels at the noise receptors within the Project study area resulting from the operation of the Chaplin Wind Project (based on 88 WTG locations and one substation transformer), will be below 40.0 dBA at all times.
5. References [1]. Noise Guidelines for Wind Farms; Interpretation for Applying MOE NPC Publications to
Wind Power Generation Facilities; Ontario Ministry of the Environment; October 2008.
[2]. Handbook of Noise and Vibration Control; Crocker; 2007; page 1335-1336; Eq. 18 and Table 20.
[3]. NEMA; Standards Publication No. TR 1-1993 (R2000); Transformers, Regulators and Reactors; National Electrical Manufacturers Association.
[4]. ISO 1996-1 Description; Measurement and Assessment of Environmental Noise – Part 1; Basic Quantities and Assessment Procedures.
[5]. NPC-104, “Sound Level Adjustments” Ontario Ministry of the Environment.
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[6]. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Standard 1913-2: Acoustics – Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors – Part 2: General Method of Calculation.
Joaquin Moran
JM:lc
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Appendix A Geographic Location of Project Study Area
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Figure A.1Algonquin Power
Chaplin Wind ProjectLocation Plan
Scale 1:80,000
N
Notes: 1.1:50,000 Canvec data 72J07 and 72J10 downloaded from www.geogratis.ca.2. Spatial referencing UTM NAD 83 Zone 13.
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SUB
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Appendix B Noise Sources
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© Hatch 2015 All rights reserved, including all rights relating to the use of this document or its contents.
Table B.1: Wind Turbine Generator List (88 WTGs)
ID Equipment make and model
UTM NAD 83, Zone 13 Spectra ID
Total Sound Power [dBA] H
eigh
t [m
] X[m] Y[m]
T01 Generic wind turbine 370690 5602291 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T02 Generic wind turbine 371817 5602256 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T03 Generic wind turbine 372267 5602818 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T04 Generic wind turbine 372293 5600448 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T05 Generic wind turbine 372137 5599393 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T06 Generic wind turbine 372870 5600682 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T07 Generic wind turbine 372667 5599435 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T08 Generic wind turbine 373538 5601249 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T09 Generic wind turbine 374268 5602845 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T10 Generic wind turbine 374693 5603344 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T11 Generic wind turbine 375081 5603631 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T12 Generic wind turbine 374343 5601619 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T13 Generic wind turbine 373762 5600043 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T14 Generic wind turbine 374164 5601118 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T15 Generic wind turbine 373788 5599157 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T16 Generic wind turbine 375108 5601869 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T17 Generic wind turbine 373910 5598448 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T18 Generic wind turbine 373917 5597867 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T19 Generic wind turbine 374692 5598444 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T20 Generic wind turbine 377043 5603170 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T21 Generic wind turbine 375589 5599898 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T22 Generic wind turbine 375269 5598744 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T23 Generic wind turbine 375874 5600318 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T24 Generic wind turbine 376717 5601994 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T25 Generic wind turbine 377643 5603295 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T26 Generic wind turbine 375868 5598969 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T27 Generic wind turbine 377391 5601987 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T28 Generic wind turbine 376992 5600844 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T29 Generic wind turbine 376743 5600219 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T30 Generic wind turbine 378043 5601971 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T31 Generic wind turbine 376292 5597418 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T32 Generic wind turbine 377578 5600954 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
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ID Equipment make and model
UTM NAD 83, Zone 13 Spectra ID
Total Sound Power [dBA] H
eigh
t [m
] X[m] Y[m]
T33 Generic wind turbine 376917 5597928 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T34 Generic wind turbine 377082 5597283 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T35 Generic wind turbine 378380 5600719 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T36 Generic wind turbine 378872 5601423 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T37 Generic wind turbine 379214 5601718 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T38 Generic wind turbine 377319 5594893 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T39 Generic wind turbine 380229 5602214 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T40 Generic wind turbine 377818 5595319 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T41 Generic wind turbine 380668 5602519 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T42 Generic wind turbine 379901 5600182 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T43 Generic wind turbine 381401 5602394 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T44 Generic wind turbine 378517 5595069 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T45 Generic wind turbine 381993 5603019 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T46 Generic wind turbine 380240 5600460 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T47 Generic wind turbine 381119 5601759 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T48 Generic wind turbine 378993 5595944 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T49 Generic wind turbine 382150 5602392 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T50 Generic wind turbine 382943 5602970 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T51 Generic wind turbine 379500 5596170 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T52 Generic wind turbine 379916 5596468 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T53 Generic wind turbine 381794 5598091 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T54 Generic wind turbine 382279 5598594 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T55 Generic wind turbine 382294 5597181 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T56 Generic wind turbine 382093 5596345 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T57 Generic wind turbine 383142 5598754 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T58 Generic wind turbine 384492 5599173 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T59 Generic wind turbine 385618 5599744 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T60 Generic wind turbine 386468 5599668 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T61 Generic wind turbine 385869 5597244 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T62 Generic wind turbine 386445 5598068 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T63 Generic wind turbine 386818 5598447 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T64 Generic wind turbine 385625 5595967 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T65 Generic wind turbine 391028 5601017 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T66 Generic wind turbine 390769 5600448 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
H348108-0000-07-220-0001, Rev. 1 Page 10
© Hatch 2015 All rights reserved, including all rights relating to the use of this document or its contents.
ID Equipment make and model
UTM NAD 83, Zone 13 Spectra ID
Total Sound Power [dBA] H
eigh
t [m
] X[m] Y[m]
T67 Generic wind turbine 386439 5596545 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T68 Generic wind turbine 392968 5600769 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T69 Generic wind turbine 386294 5593911 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T70 Generic wind turbine 386918 5594178 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T71 Generic wind turbine 388453 5597510 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T72 Generic wind turbine 392920 5599469 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T73 Generic wind turbine 388654 5596841 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T74 Generic wind turbine 387598 5594048 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T75 Generic wind turbine 388016 5594244 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T76 Generic wind turbine 390691 5597947 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T77 Generic wind turbine 388368 5594944 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T78 Generic wind turbine 392915 5598344 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T79 Generic wind turbine 390379 5597414 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T80 Generic wind turbine 392470 5598119 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T81 Generic wind turbine 390068 5596718 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T82 Generic wind turbine 389319 5595392 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T83 Generic wind turbine 392669 5597144 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T84 Generic wind turbine 389623 5594568 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T85 Generic wind turbine 390868 5595444 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T86 Generic wind turbine 391468 5594361 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T87 Generic wind turbine 391994 5594513 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
T88 Generic wind turbine 392605 5594669 WTG_23_113_7ms 105.0 80.0
Table B.2: Location of Substation Transformers Sound power level includes a 5-dBA tonality penalty.
ID Description UTM NAD 83, Zone 13
Spectra ID Total
Sound Power [dBA] H
eigh
t [m
]
X[m] Y[m]
Sub 34.5-kV/138-kV/175-MVA substation transformer 379592 5600586 Tr_34.5kV_138kV_175MVA 111.6 5.0
If you disagree with any information contained herein, please advise immediately.
H348108-0000-07-220-0001, Rev. 1 Page 11
© Hatch 2015 All rights reserved, including all rights relating to the use of this document or its contents.
Table B.3: Sound Power Spectra Used for Modelling the Noise Sources
Spectra ID Description
Octave Spectrum [dBA]
31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Total
WTG_23_113_7ms Generic sound power levels for a typical 2.3 MW wind turbine generator at 7 m/s. 84.6 92.4 97.6 99.4 100.3 95.9 86.1 68.1 105.0
Tr_34.5kV_138kV_175MVA
Estimated for 34.5-kV/138-kV/175-MVA transformer using sound levels from NEMA TR 1-1993 (R2000) and empirical equations from Handbook of Noise and Vibration Control (Crocker, 2007, page 1335-1336, Eq. 18 and Table 20)
63.8 83.0 95.1 97.6 103.0 100.2 96.4 91.2 82.1 106.6
H348108-0000-07-220-0001, Rev. 1 Page 12
© Hatch 2015 All rights reserved, including all rights relating to the use of this document or its contents.
Figure B.1: Substation transformer sound power calculations.
If you disagree with any information contained herein, please advise immediately.
H348108-0000-07-220-0001, Rev. 1 Page 13
© Hatch 2015 All rights reserved, including all rights relating to the use of this document or its contents.
Appendix C
Sound Pressure Levels at Noise Receptors, Sound Pressure Contours from CADNA-A
H348108-0000-07-220-0001, Rev. 1 Page 14
© Hatch 2015 All rights reserved, including all rights relating to the use of this document or its contents.
Table C.1: Noise Impact Summary for Noise Receptors (39 receptors)
Noi
se R
ecep
tor I
D UTM NAD 83,
Zone 13
Nearest Source Distance [m] Sound Pressure
[dBA] WTG Sub-
station
X[M] Y[m]
Dis
tanc
e
ID
Dis
tanc
e
Tota
l Li
mit
1 382932 5594707 1840 T56 6761 29.7 40.0 2 382968 5594658 1900 T56 6822 29.5 40.0 4 379898 5594580 1465 T44 6014 33.4 40.0 5 373151 5594857 3106 T18 8620 25.5 40.0 6 373247 5594841 3100 T18 8560 25.6 40.0 7 373761 5594909 2963 T18 8138 26.7 40.0 8 372319 5594849 3415 T18 9264 23.1 40.0 10 389841 5593786 811 T84 12299 36.9 40.0 12 389609 5593720 848 T84 12144 36.7 40.0 13 389799 5593728 858 T84 12297 36.5 40.0 14 382443 5593908 2462 T56 7261 27.3 40.0 15 382019 5594187 2159 T56 6844 28.4 40.0 16 381971 5594061 2287 T56 6945 27.9 40.0 19 381966 5593951 2397 T56 7047 27.6 40.0 23 378229 5599656 1073 T35 1650 38.0 40.0 24 370656 5599354 1482 T05 9021 32.3 40.0 25 370677 5599410 1460 T05 8993 32.5 40.0 26 384681 5600391 1139 T59 5092 35.0 40.0 27 379081 5603066 1354 T37 2532 36.9 40.0 28 379498 5602531 797 T39 1947 39.8 40.0 29 378367 5599678 1041 T35 1525 38.1 40.0 31 383306 5596290 1214 T56 5679 34.3 40.0 32 387155 5597111 913 T67 8323 38.3 40.0 34 392228 5603049 2360 T65 12873 26.4 40.0 39 386758 5600108 527 T60 7182 39.6 40.0 40 384325 5602072 1648 T50 4961 31.3 40.0 41 384625 5600359 1168 T59 5038 35.0 40.0
H348108-0000-07-220-0001, Rev. 1 Page 15
© Hatch 2015 All rights reserved, including all rights relating to the use of this document or its contents.
Noi
se R
ecep
tor I
D UTM NAD 83,
Zone 13
Nearest Source Distance [m] Sound Pressure
[dBA] WTG Sub-
station
X[M] Y[m]
Dis
tanc
e
ID
Dis
tanc
e
Tota
l Li
mit
42 384579 5600033 864 T58 5017 36.8 40.0 47 379549 5602567 766 T39 1982 39.6 40.0 48 391509 5597901 819 T76 12215 38.7 40.0 54 389207 5598213 1031 T71 9903 36.6 40.0 57 370687 5596497 3239 T05 9799 24.8 40.0 59 370706 5599246 1439 T05 8987 32.4 40.0 60 383367 5596275 1276 T56 5730 34.0 40.0 62 387954 5597831 594 T71 8804 39.6 40.0 64 388369 5599949 1921 T60 8800 31.6 40.0 65 389746 5600378 1025 T66 10156 34.4 40.0 67 389650 5593774 794 T84 12147 37.1 40.0 68 389452 5598053 1126 T79 10180 37.3 40.0
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Chaplin Highway 1
Chaplin Lake
8 76
5 4 2
1
68
67
65
64
62
60
59
57
54
48
47
42
41
40
39
34
32
31
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
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14
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SUB
T88T87
T86
T85
T84
T83
T82
T81
T80
T79
T77
T76
T75
T73
T72
T70T69
T68
T67
T66
T65
T64
T63
T62
T61
T60T59
T58
T57
T56
T55
T54
T53
T52
T50
T49
T48
T47
T46
T45
T44
T43T41
T40
T38
T37
T35
T34
T33
T32
T31
T30
T29
T28
T27
T26
T25
T24
T23
T22
T21
T20
T19
T18
T17
T16
T15
T14
T13
T12
T11
T09
T08
T07
T06
T05
T04
T03
T02T01
-
Pine Lake RoadHalvorgate Road
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
T78
T74
T71
T51
T42
T39
T36
T10
370000
370000
375000
375000
380000
380000
385000
385000
390000
390000
559
00
00
559
50
00
560
00
00
560
50
00
Figure C.1Algonquin Power
Chaplin Wind ProjectNoise Contours at 4.5 m
Scale 1:80,000
N
Notes: 1.1:50,000 Canvec data 72J07 and 72J10 downloaded from www.geogratis.ca.2. Spatial referencing UTM NAD 83 Zone 13.
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Old Wives Lake
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ReginaMoose Jaw
Swift Current
Project Site
Key Map
0 2,000 4,0001,000Metres
Legend
"S Substation Transformer
�� Wind Turbine Generator
Noise Receptor
Highway
Arterial Road
Watercourse
Study Area
Woodland
Waterbody
DB_LO
40.0
- 41
.041
.1 -
44.0
44.1
- 47
.047
.1 -
49.0
49.1
- 52
.052
.1 -
78.0
#
#
Path: P:\ALGONQUI\348108\SPECIALIST_APPS\GIS\Figure C.1_Contours.mxd Date Saved: 12/18/2014 1:26:05 PM
SUB
Sound Pressure Level (dBA)