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MAY 2013
DISRUPTIVETECHNOLOGIES FOR THE
ADVANCED SMART GRID
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Disruptive Technologies for the Advanced Smart Grid | May 2013
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ......................................................................... 2
Methodology .................................................................................. 2Key Takeaways by the Numbers .................................................. 2Estimated Global Market Value For Top 10 Disruptive
Technologies by 2020 ..................................................................... 4
Recommendations and Opportunities ........................................... 5Nano Generation (nanogrids) ......................................................... 6
Key Players ....................................................................................... 6Key Projects ..................................................................................... 6Application to Smart Grid/Utilities ................................................ 7
Dynamic Energy Management ....................................................... 7
Key Players ....................................................................................... 8
Key Projects ..................................................................................... 8Application to Smart Grid/Utilities ................................................ 8Transactive Energy ......................................................................... 8Key Projects ..................................................................................... 9Application to Smart Grid/Utilities ................................................ 9
Grid Automation and Switching ...................................................... 9
Key Players ....................................................................................... 9Major Projects ................................................................ .................. 9
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities ................................................ 9Advanced Data Communications................................................ 10
Key Players ..................................................................................... 10Major Projects ................................................................ ................ 10
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities .............................................. 10Ultra-High Voltage TransmissionSuper Grids ............................ 10
Key Players ..................................................................................... 10Major Projects ................................................................ ................ 11Application to Smart Grid/Utilities .............................................. 11
Wireless Electricity (power)............................................................ 11
Key Players ..................................................................................... 11Key Projects ................................................................................... 11Application to Smart Grid/Utilities .............................................. 11
Battery Powered Homes ................................................................ 12
Key Players .............................................................. ....................... 12Key Projects ................................................................................... 12Application to Smart Grid/Utilities .............................................. 12
Ultra-fast EV Charging .................................................................... 13
Key Players .............................................................. ....................... 13
Key Projects ................................................................................... 13Application to Smart Grid/Utilities .............................................. 13Utility-Telco-cable-internet integration ........................................ 13
Key Players .............................................................. ....................... 13Key Projects ................................................................................... 13Application to Smart Grid/Utilities .............................................. 13
Digital Power Conversion .............................................................. 14
Key Players .............................................................. ....................... 14Key Projects ................................................................................... 14Application to Smart Grid/Utilities .............................................. 14
Disruptive Technology to Watch ................................................... 15
Drones ............................................................................................ 15Augmented Reality ...................................................................... 15Robotics ......................................................................................... 15Artificial Intelligence ..................................................................... 16
3D Printing ...................................................................................... 16Wearable Tech ............................................................................. 16RFIDs................................................................................................ 16LTE AdvancedBeyond LTE ....................................................... 17Gamification ................................................................................. 17
3D Holographic Projection/Computing .................................... 17Lasers .............................................................................................. 18Nanotechnology .......................................................................... 18Superconductivity ........................................................................ 19Quantum Computing .................................................................. 19
Zprymes Market Outlook.............................................................. 20
http://c/Users/Administrator/Google%20Drive/Zpryme/Prem%20SGI/Disruptive%20Tech/Report/Disruptive_Tech_for_an_Advanced_Smart_Grid_May_2013_Smart_Grid_Insights_Zpryme_Research.docx%23_Toc357770786http://c/Users/Administrator/Google%20Drive/Zpryme/Prem%20SGI/Disruptive%20Tech/Report/Disruptive_Tech_for_an_Advanced_Smart_Grid_May_2013_Smart_Grid_Insights_Zpryme_Research.docx%23_Toc357770786http://c/Users/Administrator/Google%20Drive/Zpryme/Prem%20SGI/Disruptive%20Tech/Report/Disruptive_Tech_for_an_Advanced_Smart_Grid_May_2013_Smart_Grid_Insights_Zpryme_Research.docx%23_Toc357770786http://c/Users/Administrator/Google%20Drive/Zpryme/Prem%20SGI/Disruptive%20Tech/Report/Disruptive_Tech_for_an_Advanced_Smart_Grid_May_2013_Smart_Grid_Insights_Zpryme_Research.docx%23_Toc3577707867/30/2019 PREMIUM Disruptive Tech for an Advanced Smart Grid May 2013 Smart Grid Insights Zpryme Research
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Disruptive Technologies for the Advanced Smart Grid | May 2013
Executive Summary
Led by major smart grid deployments currently taking
place across the world, the grid will be primed for thedeployment of disruptive technologies by 2020. Most of
the technologies in this report are at the very early stages
of development with respect to their adoption amongutilities. However, some of them have the potential to
revolutionize the entire electric industry as we know ittoday. To get there, billions of private, public, and
corporate R&D dollars will be needed to decouple the
centralized electric grids that exist today. In addition, a
coordinated vision and coalition of likeminded
entrepreneurs, engineers, scientists, governments andconsumers will also be needed.
The goal of this report, developed by Zprymes Smart Grid
Insights Research Team and Smart Grid Advisory Board, is
to provide insight into the emerging technologies thatneed to be further developed in order to build a more
sustainable, agile, and eco-friendly grid. This report is not
intended to be an exhaustive review of the technologies
mentioned in this report.
Methodology
Zpryme utilized secondary research sources; other
syndicated research reports, government smart grid plans
and projects to assess the projected market value in 2020
for each of the top 10 ranked disruptive technologies. An
online survey of 232 utility and smart grid professionals wasconducted to identify which technologies were most likely
to have the biggest impact on utilities and the electric
grid. The survey was conducted in May of 2013.
Additionally, several of the key themes and technologies
in this report were adapted from the book, The AdvancedSmart Grid, authored by Andres Carvallo and John
Cooper. 1
Key Takeaways by the Numbers
Seventy-two percent of smart grid and utilityexecutives identified nano-generation/nanogrids as
the top disruptive technology to impact utilities and
electrical systems in the next 10 years.
Advanced grid automation and switching,advanced data communications, dynamic energy
management, and ultra-high voltage transmission
(Super Grids) were ranked second through fifth,
respectively.
Wireless electricity, ultra-fast EV charging, batterypowered homes, utility-telco-cable-internet
integration, and digital power conversion were
ranked sixth through tenth, respectively.
By 2020, the aggregate annual market value of thetop 10 disruptive technologies is estimated to reach
$60.7 billion.
The technologies with the most potential, in terms ofmarket value, are ultra-high voltage transmission
(Super Grids), advanced grid automation and
switching, advanced data communications, and
dynamic energy management.
1 http://www.theadvancedsmartgrid.com/
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2%
2%
2%
3%
3%
6%
6%
7%
7%
9%
9%
10%
12%
13%
18%
19%
19%
22%
24%
35%
43%
68%
72%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
3D Printing
RFIDs
Quantum Computing
Wearable Tech
Lasers
Drones
Gamification
Augmented Reality
Nanotechnology
LTE AdvancedBeyond LTE
Superconductivity
Artificial Intelligence
RoboticsDigital Power Conversion
Utility-Telco-Cable-Internet Integration
Battery Powered Homes
Ultra-Fast EV Charging
Wireless Electricity (power)
Ultra-High Voltage Transmission
Dynamic Energy Management
Advanced Data Communications
Grid Automation and Switching
Nano-generation/Nanogrids
Disruptive Technologies With the Most Potential to Impact Utilities/Electric Grid in Next 10 Years
% of Respondents Who Selected Technology (they could choose up to 5 technologies)figure 1, (source: Zpryme survey of 232 util ity and smart grid professionals
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Estimated Global Market Value For Top 10 Disruptive Technologies by 2020
For Smart Grid or Utility Related Applicationsfigure 2, (source: Zpryme estimate)
Technology Application to Smart Grid/Utilities
Estimated
Market Value
by 2020
Ultra-High Voltage Transmission
Super Grids
Super Grids will enable full capture of remote renewable generation capacity, driving
attainment of RPS and more efficient utility-scale solar and wind farms. They will also enablepower to be delivered in remote or rural areas.
$20.0 billion
Grid Automation and SwitchingAdvanced Grid Automation and Switching will increase the overall reliability of the grid byreducing system down time and preventing outages using real-time diagnostic measures.
$12.5 billion
Digital Power ConversionMass use of equipment that utilizes digital power conversion can advance efficiency gains
which can significantly reduce overall energy demand and costs.$10.0 billion
Advanced Data
Communications (transmission tometer and DER)
Advanced Data Communications will allow grid operators and utilities to optimize millions of
grid connected devices, across the electric grid. Such optimization will yield energy savings,reduce operating costs, and improve the overall efficiency of the grid.
$5.0 billion
Dynamic Energy ManagementDynamic Energy Management will enable the full realization of the value of demand sideresources.
$4.0 billion
Wireless Electricity (power)
Like the internet, wireless electricity holds the potential to revolutionize the entire electric
industry. This will begin with small wireless power networks that power a small group of
devices or vehicles, but eventually expand to power larger networks of devices.
$3.0 billion
Nano-Generation/Nano-Grids
(Island power)
Tailored generation located next to the load it serves will reduce grid congestion and avoid
grid expansion.$2.2 billion
Battery Powered Homes
When a large percentage of load can be scheduled (e.g., deferred), the entire grid business
model will shift. Further, battery powered homes lessen residential dependency on the grid,
especially in remote/rural areas, creating a big opportunity for storage and PV vendors.
$1.5 billion
Utility-Telco-Cable-Internet
Integration
Smart Convergence of multiple infrastructures and services will enable economies of scale
and Smart Cities. Smart grid will need scale and this type of consolidation is inevitable.$1.5 billion
Ultra-Fast EV ChargingFast Charging will spur adoption of EV, increasing penetration, and will also enable EV to be
used as a grid storage asset$1.0 billion
Cumulative Total (Market Value) $60.7 billion
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Recommendations and Opportunities
Recommendations
1. Vendors should identify areas where they can eitherdevelop disruptive technology for the smart grid or
provide complimentary services to support thedeployment of disruptive technology. As noted in
figure 1, communications and networking will play akey role in connecting these technologies across a
wide array of architectures, business models, platforms
and user environments.
2. Utilities, vendors, universities, and governments shouldstart to demonstrate or model the potential grid
impacts some of these technologies could have upon
their users and electric grids.
3. Policy makers across the world should begin to discussregulatory environments and incentives that can help
advance innovation and adoption of disruptive
technology.
4. Vendors, entrepreneurs, and venture capitalists shouldset up open access collaboration projects where
lessons learned can be shared across stakeholderswithout the fear of having intellectual property being
stolen or copied.
Opportunities
1. Communications, analytics, software, and advancedsimulation systems will be needed to accurately model
and predict the impacts of such technologies on
electrical systems, consumers, and communities.
2. The development and deployment of disruptivetechnologies will increase the ability of utilities and end
users to deploy renewable generation systems
(distributed and grid-connected). This will further drive
down costs, making such systems more affordable tosmall businesses and residential customers.
3. The distributed power systems of the future, especiallynanogrids, will require implementation expertise and an
ecosystem of interoperable products, services, andsoftware to ensure mass deployment.
4. Data storage will be another key opportunity asdisruptive technology enables millions if not billions of
end-points to deliver data, in real-time, to multiplestakeholders across disparate regions and
communities.
5.
Network security will also become increasinglyimportant as grid assets become interconnected withcommunities, consumers, and buildings.
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Nano Generation (nanogrids)
A nanogrid is a single voltage, reliability, price, and
administrative domain, and can contain implementationdetails within it to enable interoperability with other grids. A
key feature of nanogrids is their ability to be
interconnected with each other, as well as implementedwithin microgrids, as well as, through the meter,
connected to the macrogrid. Doing this requires interfacestandards that can be reliably implemented. Nanogrids
are already common today, in the form of USB powered
devices off a PC, Power over Ethernet distribution systems,
and the electricity systems in cars and other vehicles.
A nanogrid is a single domain for voltage, reliability, and
administration. It must have at least one load (sink of
power, which could be storage) and at least onegateway to the outside. Electricity storage may or may not
be present. Electricity sources are not part of the nanogrid,but often a source will be connected only to a single
nanogrid. Interfaces to other power entities are through
gateways. Nanogrids implement power distribution only,
not any functional aspects of devices. Components of a
nanogrid are a controller, loads, storage (optional), and
gateways.
Key Players
Altairnano Inc Optra Inc Frostdale Co., Ltd.
Key Projects
Researchers from the Center for Power ElectronicsSystems (CPES) are developing technology for
nanogrids to manage the power for smart buildings.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley NationalLaboratory and University of South Florida are
proposing the use of nanogrids.
G24 Innovations (G24i) has signed a strategicdevelopment agreement with Texas Instruments tocreate a joint technology platform by combining
G24i's solar cell technology with TI's nano-powered
converter.
Fifteen British businesses and seven universities are toshare 5 million of government funding to enable
them to research the use of novel nanoscale
technologies to develop the next generation of
solar energy harvesting.
Nanogeneration - Devices such as Sony's Spin 'N'Snap camera and Push POWER Play device are also
being developed.
Renewable Energy Nanogrid with Electric VehicleEnergy Storage: This project is based on the idea
that, as solar panels and wind energy become more
common, individual houses can both produce and
consume renewable energy. The homes can also
become power brokers, storing energy in batteryarrays or electric vehicles and then selling power
back to the grid when it is needed. This single home
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set-up is known as a nanogrida tiny version of the
massive power grid structures that are so prevalenttoday.
CPES Renewable Energy and Nanogrids (REN): TheCPES mini-consortium program provides a unique
forum for creating synergy among industries anddefining new research directions to meet future
industry needs. The formation of the mini-consortium
allows CPES to pool resources and focus on
developing pre-competitive technologies to
address common challenges, and sharing theresearch results among mini-consortium members.
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities
With wind, solar and other clean energy sources gainingpopularity worldwide, engineers are seeking ways to make
renewable energy systems more affordable and to
integrate them with existing AC power grids. Much
research focuses on distributed power systems and the
concept of microgrids, in which multiple electricalgeneration sources, energy storage, and loads connect as
a single point on the grid. Researchers from the Center for
Power Electronics Systems (CPES) are tackling the issue
from what they call a nanogrid perspective. Lessextensive than a microgrid, a nanogrid can be as small asthe energy management system for an entire building. A
nanogrid includes the generating source, in-house
distribution, and energy storage functions and can be
extended to multiple buildings2. Nanogrids could use all
direct current power and thus eliminate the need forenergy wasting conversions. The concept could be
2 http://www.ece.vt.edu/news/ar11/nanogrids.php
applied in developed countries as well, linking rooftop
solar panels on a home through gateways to homeappliances.3 Other potential applications include:
Bring individual devices into grid context Improve the energy efficiency and operation ratio
of cogeneration systems. If it uses a DC systeminstead of a general AC system, it can reduce
energy loss of inverter because each generator
does not need an inverter.
Better integrate with mobile devices and buildings Coordinate only with immediately adjacent (directly
attached) grids / devices
No multi-hop routing of power Continue to provide a power supply when blackout
occurs in the bulk power system.
Dynamic Energy Management
Dynamic Energy Management is an innovative approach
to managing load at the demand-side. It incorporates the
conventional energy use management principles
represented in demand-side management, demand
response, and distributed energy resource programs and
merges them in an integrated framework that
simultaneously addresses permanent energy savings,permanent demand reductions, and temporary peak
load reductions. This is accomplished through a system
comprising smart end-use devices and distributed energy
resources with highly advanced controls andcommunications capabilities that enable dynamic
management of the system as a whole. Dynamic Energy
3 http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4236507/Engineers-propose-nanogrids--smarter-
switches
http://www.ece.vt.edu/news/ar11/nanogrids.phphttp://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4236507/Engineers-propose-nanogrids--smarter-switcheshttp://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4236507/Engineers-propose-nanogrids--smarter-switcheshttp://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4236507/Engineers-propose-nanogrids--smarter-switcheshttp://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4236507/Engineers-propose-nanogrids--smarter-switcheshttp://www.ece.vt.edu/news/ar11/nanogrids.php7/30/2019 PREMIUM Disruptive Tech for an Advanced Smart Grid May 2013 Smart Grid Insights Zpryme Research
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Management is not simply a repackaging of energy
efficiency, demand response, and distributed generationpractices. It is a framework that brings together these
three practices in a manner that yields a higher and more
sustainable magnitude of improved efficiency, both at the
customer site and for the utility grid in general4.
Key Players
Constellation- An Exelon Company Meniscus Uponor
Key Projects
Low Energy COnsumption NETworks: The ECONETproject aims at studying and exploiting dynamicadaptive technologies (based on standby and
performance scaling capabilities) for wired network
devices that allow saving energy when a device (orpart of it) is not used.
o Duration: October 2010September 2013o Funding scheme: IPo Total Cost: 10.1 milliono EC Contribution: 6.1 million
Integrating Active, Flexible and Responsive TertiaryProsumers into a Smart Distribution Grid.
4http://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2008/data/papers/10_559.pdf
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities
Buildings can be equipped with smart energy efficient
end-use devices, an energy management system,
automated controls with data management capabilities,
and distributed energy resources such as solar
photovoltaics, wind turbines, and other onsite generationand storage systems. Thus, energy efficient devices,
controls, and demand response strategies are coupled
with onsite energy sources to serve as an additional
energy resource for the utility. Not only do all of these
elements contribute to the utilitys supply-side by reducingbuilding demand, the distributed energy resources can
also feed excess power back to the grid5.
Transactive Energy
Transactive Energy is a business process for energy
transactions. A Transaction is an exchange among parties
of a product for a price. Transactive Energy is most useful
in decentralized competitive electric energy markets, but
it has applications in centralized dispatch, verticallyintegrated electric utilities, and microgrids.6 Transactive
energy involves advanced techniques for managing the
generation, consumption or flow of electric power within
an electric power system through the use of economic ormarket based constructs while considering grid reliabilityconstraints. The term "transactive" refers to making energy
decisions based on economic value.7
5 http://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2008/data/papers/10_559.pdf6 http://temix.net/images/Transactive_Energy_TeMIX_Abstract_-_Cazalet.pdf7 http://www.gridwiseac.org/about/transactive_energy.aspx
http://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2008/data/papers/10_559.pdfhttp://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2008/data/papers/10_559.pdfhttp://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2008/data/papers/10_559.pdfhttp://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2008/data/papers/10_559.pdfhttp://temix.net/images/Transactive_Energy_TeMIX_Abstract_-_Cazalet.pdfhttp://www.gridwiseac.org/about/transactive_energy.aspxhttp://www.gridwiseac.org/about/transactive_energy.aspxhttp://temix.net/images/Transactive_Energy_TeMIX_Abstract_-_Cazalet.pdfhttp://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2008/data/papers/10_559.pdfhttp://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2008/data/papers/10_559.pdf7/30/2019 PREMIUM Disruptive Tech for an Advanced Smart Grid May 2013 Smart Grid Insights Zpryme Research
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Key Projects
Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project:The project will validate new smart grid technologies
and business models, provide two-way
communication between distributed generation,
storage, and demand assets and the existing grid
infrastructure, quantify smart grid costs and benefits,and advance standards for interoperability. The
cost of the project is estimated at approximately
$178 million USD cost. 8
PowerMatching City II, Hoogkerk, Netherlands: In thePowerMatching City II pilot in Hoogkerk, theNetherlands, advanced smart grid technology is
being tested and developed. This technology
optimizes the energy use of consumers byautomatically shifting local energy production of
micro CHPs as well as energy demand of various
devices like electric vehicles, washing machines and
heat pumps.
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities
Transactive energy distributes decision-making throughoutthe system. Devices can be programmed with the "price"
they will respond to at different times and conditions. Then
they can respond on their own when they see a value
signal that matches. When done properly, distributed
values incorporate prices and constraints across thesystem to achieve reliable results. No need for centralized
intervention.
8 http://www.bpa.gov/energy/n/smart_grid/docs/PNW-SGDPflier.pdf
Grid Automation and Switching
Grid automation and switching creates a transmission and
distribution substation infrastructure and establishespriorities for management and operations. The
technology allows for the more efficient fault isolation,
diagnosis, and repairs. It is also an enabling technologyfor many other capabilities, including distributed
intelligence and security. It also creates a single IPnetwork from multiple control and monitoring systems. It
allows the utility to incorporate self-healing capacities into
the grid and to control many aspects of the substations
from a central control and command center.
Key Players
Cisco Systems Siemens ComEd
Major Projects
USA: CenterPoint Energy China: SGCC- multiple projects for overall
automation
Brazil and Latin America - ECLAC USA: Minnesota Power
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities
There are several advantages of implementing smart grid
substation automation and switching programs. First,
reliability is increased as faults can be isolated andcorrected immediately. In addition, employee costs are
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Disruptive Technologies for the Advanced Smart Grid | May 2013
reduced as much of the maintenance and repairs can be
performed remotely. Grid Automation also enables self-healing and artificial intelligence. Because automation
and switching also establish priorities, the most important
parts of the smart grid can be a focal point, while others
that are not as important to grid function, can be less of a
priority. This creates a framework that will insure consistentpower and reliability, which benefits all of the users of the
energy system.
Advanced Data Communications
Advanced data communications connects all devices inthe transmission system, to the meter, to distributed energy
resource (DER), to all grid sensors and the utility itself into
one unified digital communication network. The rapidly
growing field allows the utility to control all sensors and
points of contact from the command and control center,as well as receive information from every device to insure
the highest level of efficiencies, identify points of
inefficiencies and take steps to correct any potentialproblems.
Key Players
Siemens Cisco Systems Alcatel-Lucent Itron
Major Projects
China: Southern Power Grid Austria: Vienna, Austria with Kapsch and Echelon
Switzerland: Basil, Switzerland with Ubitronix SystemSolutions and Echelon
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities
The one piece of the energy grid that makes a smart grid
possible is the data that is transmitted from the differentdevices to the energy system itself. Allowing the utility to
control each individual device from a centralized location,
identify any inefficiencies, and control a range of devices
located next to sensors is a very important piece of the
smart grid itself. Without the advanced datacommunications system, the smart grid would remain
limited and individual employees would have to be
disbursed to multiple locations to handle problems. In
addition, advanced data communications technology
enables other systems, such as geographic informationsystems, self-healing capabilities, and distributed
generation.
Ultra-High Voltage TransmissionSuper Grids
Ultra high voltage transmission lines take the energy
generated at transmission facilities, at distributed locations,
and other generation sites and transfers the typical A/C
power into D/C power to move it long distances crosscountry without significant loss. Ultra-high voltage
transmission lines can transmit up to 7 GW of energy.
Key Players
Siemens ABB Alstom
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Major Projects
China: Yunnan-Guangdong UHF DC Project India: North-East Region to Agra Brazil: Belo Monte Dam USA: Prairie Wind Transmission
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities
The Super Grid and Ultra-High Voltage Transmission lines
make it possible to connect disparate systems across a
nation together without tremendous loss. China has made
great progress in utilizing the UHV/Supergrid system to
connect all utilities in the nation. Other BRICS nations willalso benefit and will be able to connect areas that have
never had consistent energy before. In developed nations
and continents, the result will be more consistent serviceand higher quality energy.
Wireless Electricity (power)
Wireless power or wireless energy transmission is the
transmission of electrical energy from a power source to
an electrical load without man-made conductors. Wireless
transmission is useful in cases where interconnecting wires
are inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible.
Key Players
ABB Bombardier Inc. CE4AConsumer Electronics for Automotive ConvenientPower HK Limited Dell
WiTricity Corp Fulton Innovation Powercast Corporation QUALCOMM Incorporated
Key Projects
Researchers at the Korea Advanced Institute ofScience and Technology (KAIST) have made major
advances in wireless power transfer for mass transit
systems. The system, called On-line Electric Vehicles
(OLEV), is already being tested around Korea.
Qualcomm is currently marketing their HALO WirelessElectric Vehicle Charging systems. The system has
the potential to revolutionize the EV and EV
charging landscape. 9
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities
Wireless power technology holds the promise of
eliminating the messy tangles of power cords and allowingalmost any device to begin charging without first plugging
in. The technology is enabling plug-free and, in many
cases, contactless charging for a wide range of devices
and machinery from military and medical devices to
electric vehicles (EVs) to unmanned aircraft. Originatingwith simple inductive charging mechanisms that require a
direct point of contact between charger (transmitter) and
device (receiver), these systems have evolved to the point
of providing an intelligence that will see devices
becoming connected to the wider power infrastructure.
9 http://www.qualcommhalo.com/
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Battery Powered Homes
Homegrown renewable energy has a problem; sources
such as wind and solar are inconsistent since the sundoesn't shine all the time, and the wind doesn't always
blow. To tackle this, researchers have been looking for a
small, safe and compact in-home battery capable ofstoring excess power for use during the renewable
doldrums. Moreover, battery capacity is a primaryconcern in home power systems. The storage battery bank
must have enough storage capacity to meet power
needs between charging cycles. Making sure the battery
storage capacity is about double the power that would
be used in a normal use day is a good minimum. Homepower (deep cycle) batteries are generally measured in
"amp-hour" capacity. One amp-hour is equal to one amp
of current drawn for one hour of time. Amp-hour capacityis generally given as the "20 hour rate" of the battery.
Key Players
Toshiba (eneGoon and other battery systems) Panasonic Ceramatec, Inc. SolarCity
Key Projects
Tesla and SolarCity have submitted at least 70applications for projects to attempt to receiverebates from the California Public Utility
Commissions Self-Generation Incentive Program(SGIP), which provides incentives for distributed
energy generation.
A startup called Seeo, backed by Vinod Khosla andGoogle.org, has created a safer lithium ion battery
thats being trialled with a solar panel system
developed by SunEdison.
S&C Electric, based out of Chicago, launched apilot project in 2012 to store solar energy using
lithium-ion batteries. The projects is valued at
200,000.
In 2010, PowerHub Systems' Community EnergyStorage (CES) technology was selected to provide
renewable energy storage for a Department of
Energy funded pilot program with the Sacramento
Municipal Utility District (SMUD). SMUD was awarded
$4.3 million from the U.S. Department of Energy(DOE) to conduct the two-year pilot project.
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities
Local storage of energy at home takes a lot of thepressure off power companies to continue to produce all
the power required. Instead the current energy grid would
eventually become the backup power source rather than
the primary one. In the long run that saves a lot of money
for governments who would need to invest very heavily tokeep pushing up energy production as populations grow.
The other benefit of local battery storage is that individual
households can choose the level of green energy
investment they make. As is usually the case it all comesdown to cost and solar energy especially is still too
expensive for a lot of people to consider. However,
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according to industry experts, if a cheap battery solution
exists then the price of the other required components willcome down too.
Ultra-fast EV Charging
The Ultra-fast EV charging technology reduces the typical8 hour charging time of EV vehicles connected to a
home's energy system to as little as 30 minutes currently,with goals of completely charging a car in 5 minutes.
Key Players
Hydro-Quebec Proterra GE
Key Projects
Gateshead College Honolulu, Hawaii Ko Olina Resort O'hau Hawaii Hungary
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities
One of the main obstacles into widespread EVdeployment has been the extensive charging times
needed to fully charge the vehicle. Ultra-high EV chargingtechnology will speed the integration of EVs, and create
new opportunities in the smart grid, even in other areas
where EV can assist in supporting the grid, such as energy
storage, load shifting, and providing emergency cycling
support.
Utility-Telco-cable-internet integration
Integration of all utility services, including utility,
telecommunications, cable, and internet services, throughone provider. For the utility, this allows the integration of
different types of communication abilities, creating a
customized energy platform. Because all assets areconsolidated, the firm is able to create new efficiencies
based on the strengths of each individual division andstreamline operations.
Key Players
Nine Star Connect Nushagek Cooperative Arrowhead Electric Cooperative
Key Projects
MLMW Smart Grid Demonstration TM Forum
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities
The integration of utility, telecommunications, cable andinternet into one provider will provide consolidation of
services for consumers. Since the smart grid utilizes these
services (wireless communication, cable based
communication, and IP based communication) it will
expand its communication choices. The collaboration ofassets and resources will result in a more robust firm and
will build on the strengths of the industries.
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Digital Power Conversion
Digital power conversion is a power system that is
controlled by digital circuits, in much the same way aswould be with analog circuits, to monitor, supervise,
communicate and control looping. A fully digitally
controlled power system includes both digital control anddigital power management. Control loops provide the
mechanism by which to regulate the output of the powersupply, usually through pulse width modulation of a power
switch. Power management techniques provide the ability
to monitor temperature, provide overcurrent protection,
and supply sequencing.
Key Players
Texas Instruments Incorporated Infineon Technologies AG Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Microchip Technology Inc. Cirasys Microchip Intersil Maxim Integrated Analog Devices Linear Technology Envitech Others include Accent, NXP, Cirrus Logic
Key Projects
The Southeastern Pennsylvania TransportationAuthority (SEPTA) in 2012 unveiled its recycled
energy and optimization project. The pilot project
captures the braking energy of its trains on the
Market-Frankford Line and will integrate that powerinto the regional electric grid.
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities
Digital power supplies are more efficient over a widerrange of loads. This increase in efficiency reduces system
cost and complexity. The reduction in discreet
components not only reduces cost but also reduces
environmental impact at the end-of-life cycle of the
product by reducing waste. Increased system efficiencylowers system energy loss which is converted into heat. This
translates into smaller heat sinks and fans. Higher system
efficiency reduces operational costs of the end product
and its applications. For example, server farms with high
efficiency digital power supplies require less cooling andlower operational costs.
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Disruptive Technology to Watch
Drones
Unmanned Aircraft Systems come in a variety of shapesand sizes, and serve diverse purposes. They may have a
wingspan as large as a Boeing 737 or smaller than a radio-controlled model airplane. UAS operations always have apilot in command who is flying the aircraft.
Can be used effectively to assess storm damage on utility
distribution systems and help utilities shorten their outage
response times. Technologies like ""Gorgon Stare"" (GorgonStare is a video capture technology developed by the
United States military) could be used to manage the
physical security of critical infrastructure such as power
plants and transformers without the need for deployment
of physical smart grid assets "on site".
Augmented Reality
Augmented reality (AR) is a live, direct or indirect, view of
a physical, real-world environment whose elements areaugmented by computer-generated sensory input such as
sound, video, graphics or GPS data. Augmentation is
conventionally in real-time and in semantic context withenvironmental elements, such as sports scores on TV during
a match. With the help of advanced AR technology (e.g.adding computer vision and object recognition) the
information about the surrounding real world of the user
becomes interactive and digitally manipulative. Artificial
information about the environment and its objects can be
overlaid on the real world.
A Field Force Data Visualization application for mobile
devices allows utility field technicians to use augmentedreality to detect information on power systems they are
viewing through their tablet or smart phone. The app
combines the functionality of geospatial information
systems, outage management systems, work
management systems, and asset management.
Robotics
Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the
design, construction, operation, and application of robots,as well as computer systems for their control, sensory
feedback, and information processing. These technologies
deal with automated machines that can take the place
of humans in dangerous environments or manufacturing
processes, or resemble humans in appearance, behavior,and/or cognition. Many of today's robots are inspired by
nature contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics.
In the future, robotics may be used to make smart meters,
inspect and assess street light efficiency, patrol energizedtransmission lines, and spot broken strands. Further, robots
could install compression splices where needed, replacing
the costly three-person team of a high wire lineman, a
helicopter pilot, and a ground coordinator. Other
applications might include underwater robots to swagetubes and splice cables.
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Artificial Intelligence
The term "Artificial Intelligence" is used to describe
research into human-made systems that possess some of
the essential properties of life. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is
the intelligence of machines or software, and is also a
branch of computer science that studies and developsintelligent machines and software. Major AI researchers
and textbooks define the field as "the study and design of
intelligent agents", where an intelligent agent is a system
that perceives its environment and takes actions that
maximize its chances of success.
AI techniques play an important role in system modeling,
control, fault analysis and operation scheduling of power
and energy systems. These techniques comprise areas
such as artificial neural network, genetic algorithms,particle swarm optimizations, fuzzy logic, and various
hybrid systems.
3D Printing
Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is a process of
making a three-dimensional solid object of virtually any
shape from a digital model. 3D printing is achieved using
an additive process, where successive layers of material
are laid down in different shapes. 3D printing is considereddistinct from traditional machining techniques, which
mostly rely on the removal of material by methods such as
cutting or drilling (subtractive processes).
The Department of Energy estimated that 3-D printing canreduce energy costs by 50 percent and cut material costs
by 90 percent. According to Skip Laitner, an economist
who focuses on energy efficiency, "This has the potential
to revolutionize the way we make everything -- and theimplications for energy use are large." Indeed, that shift in
from traditional manufacturing could also have a positive
impact on emissions of carbon dioxide and other
greenhouse gases.
Wearable Tech
Wearable technology, tech togs, or fashion electronics
are clothing and accessories incorporating computer and
advanced electronic technologies. The designs oftenincorporate practical functions and features, but may also
have a purely critical or aesthetic agenda.
For utilities, the applications of wearble technology such as
Google Glass could extend from field workers to executivemanagement. For example, a field worker could use the
technology to diagnose, repair, and test advanced
substation equipment without the need to bring in or wait
on third party engineers to address major equipment
issues. Or, executives could use such technology toconduct high-level meetings while they travel, whether
they are at the beach, an airport, or in a cab.
RFIDs
Certain smart grid system applications can be supported
by radio frequency identification devices (RFID) tags. RFID
tags are already in use in most retail purchases to track the
identification, location, and product specifics, such as
price, date of purchase, etc. In an RFID system, an objectis equipped with a tag which contains a digital memory
chip that is given a unique electronic code. The RFID
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reader can read and write data to the RFID tag by
emitting a signal to activate the RFID tag. There is noglobal body governing the use of frequencies for RFID.
Low frequency systems (30 kHz 500 kHz) have short
transmission ranges, less than 6 feet. High frequency
systems (850 MHz-950 MHz and 2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz) have
longer transmission ranges, more than 90 feet.
In the smart grid environment, RFID can be used to track
smart meters for asset management, as well as track
distributed energy resources' or appliances' identifiable
information. For example, to track battery charginginformation, i.e. amount of life remaining, date, time,
location of last recharge, etc; and to track PHEV charging
information, i.e. location the PHEV was recharged as well
as how long it was connected to the power source.
LTE AdvancedBeyond LTE
"LTE Advanced is a mobile communication standard. It is
standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project
(3GPP) as a major enhancement of the Long TermEvolution (LTE) standard. The technology received its first
commercial implementation in October 2012 by Russian
network Yota. The LTE Advanced is targeted to fulfill or
even surpass all the requirements of International Mobile
Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-Advanced), which isan official definition of 4G made by International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 2008. These requirements
include peak data rates, peak spectral efficiency, cell
spectral efficiency, and scalable bandwidth. The key
features of the LTE Advanced differentiated from the LTEinclude support for wider bandwidth, improved uplink
performance, better energy efficiency, advanced multi-
antenna technology, advanced interference
management, and self-organizing network.
A massive growth of Machine to Machine (M2M)
communication, devices and traffic is expected to
support smart grid, transport, logistics, ehealth, energy,
safety applications etc. Therefore, the LTE radio interfaceshall be prepared to efficiently support the massive
transfer of small, infrequent packets using very low cost,
low complexity and low power devices. Furthermore,
smart meters, gather utility usage information from
electrical appliances and send the information to theM2M server at the utility provider for analysis by
communicating directly through LTE-Advanced.
Gamification
The application of game and game design elements, such
as goals, achievements, and statuses, to non-game
situations, such as businesses or to the smart grid.
The largest benefit to utilities will be found in consumer
engagement. Gamification will encourage conservation
efforts, through giving incentives in settings such as social
media. Few projects have evaluated the potential of
gamification to the smart grid market, but the onescompleted have reduced consumption over 30%. As more
results like this are observed, gamification is likely to take
off in the smart grid marketplace.
3D Holographic Projection/Computing
Technology that enables three-dimensional images using
lasers, diffraction, light intensity recording, suitable
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illumination, and interference. The image changes
position and illumination as if the actual object werepresent. Recent improvements have enabled 3D
holographic data storage.
There are a few different potential applications of 3-d
holograms in smart grid tech. The first advancements arein data storage and security. Holographic technology can
increase security protocols and offer a more compact
way to store information. In addition, as GE's holographic
demonstration proves, customer engagement and
education can also be improved, as can modeling toshow problem areas and potentials, especially with proper
planning and cameras added to key locations. This can
enable remote diagnosis of problems.
Lasers
Light Amplification by the Simulated Emission of Radiation-
creates a focused beam of light. Lasers can either be
focused on key areas of the smart grid that need
monitoring (ex: temperature sensors) or transmitted alongfiber optic lines.
There are many potential applications for lasers in the
Smart Grid. Lasers provide the ability to create precision
equipment. In addition, lasers enable fiber opticcommunication. Lasers also provide an additional layer of
security, safeguarding confidential and privileged
information. As the lasers become more specialized
throughout the market, new solutions for incorporating
them into the Smart Grid will be seen.
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology
conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100
nanometers. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the
study and application of extremely small things and can
be used across all the other science fields, such aschemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and
engineering.10 Listed below are just four potential
applications that nanotechnology is already being
harnessed to build a cleaner and more energy efficient
electric grid.
Prototype solar panels incorporatingnanotechnology are more efficient than standard
designs in converting sunlight to electricity,
promising inexpensive solar power in the future.Nanostructured solar cells already are cheaper to
manufacture and easier to install, since they can
use print-like manufacturing processes and can be
made in flexible rolls rather than discrete panels.
Newer research suggests that future solar convertersmight even be paintable.
Researchers are developing wires containingcarbon nanotubes that have much lower resistance
than the high-tension wires currently used in the gridand thus reduce transmission power loss.
Energy efficiency products are increasing in numberand kinds of application. In addition to those noted
above, they include more efficient lighting systemsfor vastly reduced energy consumption for
10 http://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/definition
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illumination; lighter and stronger vehicle chassis
materials for the transportation sector; lower energyconsumption in advanced electronics; low-friction
nano-engineered lubricants for all kinds of higher-
efficiency machine gears, pumps, and fans; light-
responsive smart coatings for glass to complement
alternative heating/cooling schemes; and high-light-
intensity, fast-recharging lanterns for emergencycrews.11
Superconductivity
Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to
conduct electric current with practically zero resistance.
This produces interesting and potentially useful effects. For
a material to behave as a superconductor, low
temperatures are required.12 Superconductors have beenemployed in, or proposed for use in, an enormous variety
of applications. Examples include high-speed magnetic-
levitation trains, magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI)
equipment, ultra-high-speed computer chips, high-
capacity digital memory chips, alternative energy storagesystems, radio-frequency ( RF ) filters, radio-frequency
amplifiers, sensitive visible-light and infrared detectors,
miniaturized wireless transmitting antennas, systems to
detect submarines and underwater mines, and
gyroscopes for earth-orbiting satellites.13
High-temperature superconductors offer many
advantages over conventional copper wires. They can
carry five to twenty times more current in the same unit
area while reducing the amount of energy lost as heat by
11 http://www.nano.gov/you/nanotechnology-benefits12 http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/superconductivity13 http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/superconductivity
75-97%, even after accounting for all the nitrogen-cooling
paraphernalia.
In the long term many in the industry are looking to the
renewable-energy sector as a source of demand for
superconducting wires. Most wind and solar power will be
generated in remote places far from where it is consumed.
As these sources of power spread, which they are likely togiven global commitments to cutting carbon emissions,
electricity losses will need to be minimized as they are
carried over vast distances.
Quantum Computing
Quantum computing is the area of study focused on
developing computer technology based on the principles
of quantum theory, which explains the nature andbehavior of energy and matter on the quantum (atomic
and subatomic) level. Development of a quantumcomputer, if practical, would mark a leap forward in
computing capability far greater than that from the
abacus to a modern day supercomputer, with
performance gains in the billion-fold realm and beyond.
The quantum computer, following the laws of quantum
physics, would gain enormous processing power through
the ability to be in multiple states, and to perform tasks
using all possible permutations simultaneously.14 In turn,
such processing power could potentially be used todynamically optimize millions of grid connected devices,
in real-time, to reduce peak demand and ensure the
successful integration of significant quantities of
renewable energy sources.
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Zprymes Market Outlook
The disruptive technologies mentioned in this report are all
at different stages of development with respect to theiradoption among utilities. However, some of them,
especially those that ranked among the top 10 by
executives, have the potential to dynamically change theentire electric industry as we know it today.
Between 2013 and 2020, the smart grid and utility
landscape will see significant changes, but most
importantly, by 2020, the industry will be primed to deploy
many of the technologies mentioned in this report. Many
players will enter and exit the market by 2020, but the freemarket will eventually yield cutting edge solutions and
technology that is best fit to advance our electrical
systems and society beyond 2020.
In conclusion, billions of private investment, governmentinvestment, and corporate R&D dollars will be needed to
decouple the centralized electric grids that exist today. In
addition, a coordinated vision and coalition of likeminded
entrepreneurs, engineers, scientists, governments and
consumers must also take the lead in building a more
sustainable, agile, and eco-friendly grid. Companies and
stakeholders who can seize and prepare for this momenttoday will be able to yield the spoils of the grid of the
future.
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we dont produce tables and charts; we deliver opportunity-focused,
actionable insight that is both engaging and easy-to-digest. For moreinformation regarding our custom research, visit:www.zpryme.com.
Zpryme Smart Grid Insights Contact:
[email protected]| +1 888.ZPRYME.1 (+1 888.977.9631)
www.smartgridresearch.org(Zpryme Smart Grid Insights)
Zpryme Credits:
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Jon Arnold*Sr. Research Analysts
Paula SmithResearch Lead
Stefan Trifonov
Megan Dean
*Jon Arnold is also a member of Zprymes Smart Grid Advisory Board.
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