Premium Quality Rice
SAILILA E. ABDULA, PhDAssistant Secretary for BARMM andDirector of PhilRice Midsayap
September 20, 2019Grand Regal Hotel, Lanang, Davao City
RiceAn extremely important crop in the world Foundation of diet for a large segment of the populationGrown in more than 100 countries
cutcaster.com
RiceMajor crop in the Philippines Staple foodSource of incomePart of culture
Breeding
Institutions PhilRiceIRRIUniversity of the Philippines Los BañosPrivate Companies
Process Selection of parentalsCrossing (F1, F2, F3, etc.)Elite lines
National Cooperative Test
Breeding Institutions
NCT (1954)
test entries
Implemented by the Rice Technical Working Group (RTWG) of the National Seed Industry Council (NSIC) of Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI)
ScreeningBreeding Institutions
NCT
test entries
Yield Performance
Grain Quality
Insect/DiseaseResistance
Rice Chemistry and Food Science Division,
PhilRice
Days from sowing to maturityResponse to lodgingNumber of productive tillersPlant heightGrain yield
BPH blaststemborer sheath blightGLH bacterial blightblack bug tungro
Staple Food
Utilization of Rice
Table Rice
*Fitzgerald, 2007
*
Per Capita Daily Intake
7th National Nutrition Survey, FNRI-DOST 2008
Rice, 307 g (35.6%)
Cereals and products, 361g (41.9%)
Vegetables, 110g (12.8%)
Fruits, 54g (6.3%)
Milk & Prods, 42g (4.9%)Fish & Prods,
110g (12.8%)
Meat &products,
83g (9.5%)
Egg, 14g(1.6%)
Fats and oils,15g (1.7%)
Miscellaneous,29g (3.4%)
Sugar & Syrup17g (1.9%)
Dried beans, nuts and seeds,
9g (1.0%)
Starchy rootsand tubers, 17g (2.0%)
861 g
Per Capita Rice Consumption
106
119114
109.5*
95
100
105
110
115
120
1999-2000 2008-2009 2012 2015
kg/year
Year
4.1 cups per day
* Note: based on the 8th National Nutrition Survey of Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI)Source: Philippine Statistics Authority and FNRI
Rice Industry
Typical Rice Market Chain
INSTITUTIONAL BUYERS
INDIVIDUAL
CONSUMER
RETAILERWHOLESALER
MILLER/ PROCESSO
R
TRADER/AGENT
FARMER
Palay Production: All Ecosystems
2016 Production by EcosystemIrrigated: 13.9 M mt (77%)Rainfed: 4.2 M mt (23%)
Area Harvested: All Ecosystems
2016 Area Harvested by Ecosystem
Irrigated: 3.2 M ha (70%)Rainfed: 1.4 M ha (30%)
Palay Yield: All Ecosystems
2016 Yield by EcosystemIrrigated: 4.26 mt/haRainfed: 2.97 mt/ha
Local Rice Production & Utilization
DA’s Initiative for Exporting Quality RiceRationale
•Also known as fancy, premium, high quality, or special rice
•With high market value (P50-100/kg)•Includes aromatic, glutinous, low-amylose, and pigmented rice
•Aromatic – with distinct pandan-like aroma
•Low-amylose – with soft texture•Glutinous – glossy, very soft texture, sticky, with little or no amylose
•Pigmented – with the anthocyanin pigment that gives black and red color; contains antioxidants with health-promoting properties
Rice with Premium Quality
High Quality Rice Varieties
•Modern rice varieties with premium quality
•Aromatic – NSIC Rc 218•Low-amylose – NSIC Rc 160•Glutinous – Malagkit series•Pigmented – NSIC Rc 19
High Quality Rice Varieties
•Contrary to the belief that high quality traditional rice varieties (TRVs) have vanished, they continue to be cultivated and are very much still intertwined with local culture and tradition. They also remain as a major source of income to many farmers.
•TRVs possess many valuable traits for farmers and consumers alike - excellent grain quality, health-promoting properties, agro-morphological traits, and stress resistance. Thus, they are already valuable as they are, while for breeders they are a crucial genetic resource for crop improvement. Hence, they continue to be useful for the present and the future.
High Quality Rice Varieties
•The unique and special traits of TRVs are such in high demand in the domestic and international market and thus command premium price - a boon to our farmers and traders.
High Quality Rice Varieties
•The initiative of the Department of Agriculture (DA) to export high quality TRVs boosted the interest to plant and market these rices. With scant information about them, there was a need to have a deeper and closer look at our diverse collections of these treasures, which leads to the comprehensive phenotypic and genotypic profiling of economically-important TRVs.
DA’s Initiative for Exporting Quality Rice
CollectionRationale
179 TRVs (62 from Luzon, 49 from Visayas, 68 from Mindanao) were properly conserved at the PhilRice Genebank and profiled comprehensively
72 new collections
Establishment of Genetic Identity Through Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and/or Microsatellite DNA analysis
Rationale31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41
21
15
9
STR allele ladderrepeats
rice allele genotype
Sample number of selected traditional rice genotype
DNA fingerprinting using 16 validated highly polymorphic microsatellite/SSR markers across 7 chromosome locations
Similarity Coefficient of TRVs
Coefficient0.08 0.31 0.54 0.77 1.00
BINERNALRED12677MW
DINORADO12798A KASAGPI12700 KASAGPI12811A DUMUDAO12780A MALAY212808 BINERNALRED12677 SPEAKER12796 DURYAT14278 ISMAGOLPUTI14081 DINORADO12801B KATIBOS13915 INUMAY13919 INUMAY13921 INUMAYORIG13916 DINORADO12798B BATIOKAN15251 DINORADO12801A DENORADO14277 DINORADO14072 DINORADOPUTI1391 PALAWAN14262 PALAWAN12731 PALAWAN12850 KINAMUROS12846A KABUNDULAN12848A PALAWANRED14246 TIPAK14267 GOBYERNO14248 GOBYERNO14252 KANTING14254 PALAWANWHITE1424 MILAGROSA14276 MILAGROSA14279 PALAWAN14240 GALO12746 MALIDO12655 PINILIK15469 INIPOTININGKANTO GALO15602 PINILISA14764 PINILISA14774 PINILISA14773 PINILISA15260 BINISAYA15258 LIBOLIBO15382 KALINGKITBLACK15 3BUWAN14258 ISMAGOL14077 ISMAGOLPULA14079 ISMAGOLPUTI14082 PEKITAN15647 PINILI14253 RENOMERO15249 BULAW15610 DUKOT15617 PALAWANRED14762 PALAWANWHITE1476 KINANDAWHITE1523 PINALAWAN15241 BULAW15255 MALAGKIT15245 MALANDI15522 JARNANG15460 RODELRODEL15526 KALANAY15613 PINDINGA15524 AMAYAN15603 KATORSA15612 KALIBO15601 KABANGALAN15648 DINOLORES15246 DUMALENGAN14250 MALIDORED12849A MALIDORED12849B TAYAKPULA15488 SULIG15529 KAWOT15645 HINOMAY15381 REMOLITIS15383 HINUMAY12799A GALO12744A GALO12745A PUTANPIKPIKAN154 K.BULAWANON12382 K.MONOS12383 BAISAN15384 DINORADO14760 KANUKOT15380 KANUKOT15509 ITUM15611 BUTWAWHITE15247 KALIBO15250 AZUCENA14759 BINUSAGSAG15244 DUMALENGAN14761 BUTWAWHITE15248 SINAMAO15385 MADYA15615 RATAN15483 MALAGKITKAPA1548 TIBBAK15484 PUTANKAPA15493 KAUWAK15492 BINARAO15523 JAPANESE15619 CANADA15646 MUDBOD15511 KIRABAN15618 KABOYO15614 ASUCENA12812A GUYOD12803 AZUCENA14259 BINERHEN12838 INABAKA15510 MAKIRAGA15225 HINUMAY12799B HINUMAY12804A MIMIS12703A ININGKANTONGPUTI MALAY312810A TUMINDOG15491 TOMINDOG15643 TOMINDOG14261 ZAMBALES15461 MARIAGAKIT12795 GABAYALOAL15231 KINANDARED15239 KINANDARED15240 BRILLANTE12678 ALONGALONG15649 BINERNALWHITE126 AWOT12802A AWOT12800A LUBANG15252 LUBANG15261 SAMPUKOY15530 BINUNDOK15598 BINUNDOK15259 KABUDIT15253 KABUDIT15262 WALASTIK15256 BILIBUD15257 MERFUL15608 75DAYS14257 TANGILING15620 BULAW15254 BULAW15263 KAMAHALAN15482 KAMAHALAN15494 REDLUBANG15644 MALAGKIT15516 REDBLONDE15609 RV8DB12837A RV8DB12837B BOTOLINAW15600 BLACKRICE12699 BLACKRICEDB12836 REDRICEDB12835A
Genetic similarity and the probability of identity were established• The higher the similarity
coefficient (max of 1.0), the higher the genetic similarity of TRVs
• Each variety was clustered according to the value of their similarity coefficient
Agro-morphological CharacterizationRationale
Vegetative: 15 traits
Reproductive: 25 traits
Post harvest: 16 traits
56 Standard Rice Descriptors
TRVs with Desirable Attributes
RationaleTRAITS VALUE VARIETIESShort Culm <100cm 75 Days, Butwa_white , Malay2 , Tipak, Tomindog
Long Panicle >32 cm Sto.Nino, Speaker 15404, Speaker 12796, Sampukoy, Salumanay, Putan_kapa , Palaweña , Palawan 14240, Palawan 112731, Malagkit_Kapa, Madya, Ilon-ilon, Gobierno, Galo 112744-A, Canadal
Dense Panicle >300 grains Domapong ,Mindoro, Tumindog (Mabinay)
Heavy Grain (1000g wt) 35 g Tulloy, Salumanay, Pah-nga, Malagkit Kapa, Malagkit Black, Malagkit_black , Kayasakas, Diko , Bulgar
Long grains <10mm Agoo, Asucena, Bulgar, Canada, Gos, Guyod, Mako Odyam, Malagkit_Black, Malay2, Palaweña, Putan_Kapa, Tapul /Alik-Ik
Descriptor Descriptor State Varieties
Leaf Pubescence Glabrous 3 Buwan, Batiokan, Binarao, Binerhen, Binernal_Red, Butwa_White, Dinorado, Diko, Gabay(Alo-Al), Gininto, Hinumay, Inamper, Japanese, Kalanay, Kalinayan_Bulawanon, Kalinayan_Monos, Kanukot, Kawitan, Kawot, Makiraga, Malagkit, Malay2, Malido, Mindoro, Palaweña, Samuel, Tapukoy, Tayak_Pula, Tumindog (Mabinay)
Culm Lodging Resistance Very Strong Amayan, Bilibud(Puti),Domapong, Inamper, Kaboyo, Pah-Nga, Tipono,
Reaction Towards Major Diseases and Pests
Rationale92 TRVs (51.4%)
identified as resistant to rice blast and 69 showed intermediate reaction to the BLB pathogen
26 TRVs were found resistant to white heads and 1 to BPH
Most of the TRVs exhibited intermediate reaction to the test insects
Grain Quality
Rationale
Gelatinization Temperature
Amylose Content
Rationale
DINORADOAZUCENA PIRURUTONG
unpolished
polished
Health-Promoting Properties
Top Most Preferred TRVs with High Market PotentialRegion TRVs
CAR Dumalengan, Mimis, Tilin, Upping, Dekot, Palawan Red, Palawan White, Gobierno, Pinili, Galo, Galadoc, Batinaw, Sariping
I Palawan, Maliket, Sinumay, Red Rice, Azucena
II Pinilisa, Red Rice, Fancy Rice, Aringay, Ssidingan, Tangtang, Maratng-tangGalo, Kenyo, Neri, Camelo, Mindanao, Kintoman, Magasalay, Palawan
III Galo, Black Rice, Binernal White/Ininbornal, Red Rice, Pinalawan, Tionarlac/Pinagong, Pinilisa, Azuzena, Pan-ai, Palawan, Kalibo, Binundok
IV-A Binerhen, Kinanda, C1, Pinalawan, Black Rice, Inipot-ibon, Dagi, Kinanda Red, Kinanda White, Buluhan, Dumali, Kinamuros, Inipot-ibon, Iningkanto, Binernal, Sinamar, Ginarapon, Pinilik, Tininta,
Pirurutong
IV-B Milagrosa, Tipak, Duriat, Sibudong, Pindinga
V Green Rice, Katorsa, Rautong, Bulaw, Gininto, Maligaya, Sinanggalya, Walastik, Kabagbag, Sapadsapad, Sintanganod, Talutap, Tapul, Guininto, Kalubid,Kabuyok, Kapukaw, Magkarato, Merpol, Sto. Niño/Palay Niño
VI Malido Red, Malido White, Palawan, Azucena, Kaporkas, Manumbalay, Magsanaya, Dinorado, Tatlong Buwan, Tapol Na Pilit, Dinolores, Kaporkas, Sulig
VII Lubang Red, Magsanaya, Palawan, Azucena, Tatlong Buwan, Tapol Na Pilit,Canada, Dinorado, Malido Red
VIII Kalinayan, Baysilanon, Kanukot, Lubang, Kanukot, Kalumpit, Pinili, Katin-aw, Pilit, Daraog, Misteryosa, Kalumpit, Dinorado, Azucena, Palawan, Lubang Red
IX
X Speaker, Dinorado, Asucena, Remulites, Peria
XI Dinorado, Hinumay, Lubang, Peria, Azucena, Remulites
XII Kasagpi, Dinorado, Azucena, Hinumay, Awot, Kasagpi
XIII San Pablo Red, San Pablo White, Manumbalay, Dinorado, Hinumay
ARMM Kalingkit (Black), Gabay
Other Varieties
Red Rice, Kalibo, Binundok, 75 days, Gobyerno, Kanting, Pinili, Duriat, Hinumay, Inabaka, Katibos, Bulaw, Black Rice
Premium Quality Rice
Glutinous rice with good sensory properties
Aromatic rice with pandan scent
Black rice with high anthocyanin content
Red rice with high antioxidant activity
Premium Quality Rice
Yield and Price of Premium Quality Rice
Premium Quality
RiceArea Fresh yield
(kg/ha)Dry yield at 14%
MC (kg/ha)Fresh paddy price
(PhP/kg)
Aromatic Oriental Mindoro
4,754
4,422
19
Apayao
2,114
1,942
18
Black Negros Occidental
3,358
3,085
19
Glutinous
Camarines Sur
3,671
3,415
15
Iloilo
3,967
3,644
15
Abra
2,367
2,174
22
Red
North Cotabato
1,848
1,697
21
Samar
1,813
1,665
21
Bukidnon
3,574
3,283
20
Premium Quality Rice
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