Date post: | 21-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
View: | 217 times |
Download: | 2 times |
Prentice Hall, 2003 1
ELC 200
Day 17
Prentice Hall, 2003 2
Agenda
Questions from last Class?Assignment 4 Not corrected
Still waiting for all to submitLate policy is -20 for every day that it is late
Assignment 5 will be posted as soon as I figure out the assignment. Quiz two Corrected
5 A’s, 5 B’s, A C’s and 1 non-takeTodays’ discussion is on Intrabusiness,E-Government, C2C, E-Learning, and More
Prentice Hall, 2003 3
Chapter 7
Intrabusiness,E-Government, C2C, E-Learning, and More
Prentice Hall, 2003 4
Learning Objectives
Define intrabusiness e-commerce and describe its major activitiesDescribe the intranet and its use in organizationsUnderstand the relationship between corporate portals and the intranetsDescribe e-government to citizens (G2C) and to business (G2B)
Prentice Hall, 2003 5
Learning Objectives (cont.)
Describe various e-government initiativesUnderstand how peer-to-peer technology works in intrabusiness, B2B, and in C2C e-commerce
Discuss online publishing and e-books.Describe e-learning and virtual universitiesDescribe knowledge management and dissemination
Prentice Hall, 2003 6
E-Learning at Cisco
The ProblemCisco Systems sells devices that connect computers and databases to the Internet and other networks
Products continuously being upgraded or replaced
Extensive training is needed for:EmployeesBusiness partnersIndependent students
In-house training 6 to 10 times a year was expensive and ineffective
Prentice Hall, 2003 7
E-Learning at Cisco (cont.)
The SolutionImplemented e-learning programs allow students distance-learning of new software, hardware, procedures
Encourages its employees to use e-learning, by:“Nonthreatening”anonymous testing and scoringAdditional incentives and rewards for e-learnersMakes e-learning a mandatory for employeesOffers easy access to e-learning tools
Prentice Hall, 2003 8
E-Learning at Cisco (cont.)
The ResultsReturn on investment:
Saves $1,200 per SEfirst offering—recovered development costs and saved $8,000
By 2002, Cisco developed 75 e-learning courses and was planning to develop more
Prentice Hall, 2003 9
Intrabusiness and Business-to-Employee E-Commerce
Intrabusiness EC—e-commerce activities conducted within an organization
Between a business and its employeesBetween units within the businessAmong employees in the same business
Business-to-employees (B2E)—intrabusiness in which an organization delivers products or services to its employees
Prentice Hall, 2003 10
Intrabusiness and B2E EC (cont.)
Training and education provided over intranetsElectronically order supplies and material needed for workBuy discounted insurance, travel packages, etc., on corporate intranetCorporate stores sell company’s products at a discountBusinesses disseminate information on the intranetEmployees manage fringe benefits take classes and more
Prentice Hall, 2003 11
Activities Between Units Within a Business
Large corporations consist of independent units that “sell” or “buy” materials, products, and services from each otherThese transactions can easily be accomplished over the intranetNetwork constructed to link dealerships owned by the corporation
Support communicationCollaborationExecution of transactions
Prentice Hall, 2003 12
Intrabusiness E-Commerceat Toshiba America
At Toshiba:300 dealers needed parts quicklyOrders placed by phone or fax by 2:00 in order to have next-day deliveryShipping fees expensiveCumbersome order-entry system created in 1993 with no significant improvement
Prentice Hall, 2003 13
Toshiba America (cont.)
1997, Toshiba created a Web-based order-entry system using extranet/intranetDealers place orders for parts until 5:00 for next-day delivery—matter of hours to shippingPhysical warehouse in Memphis, TN near FedEx headquarters ensures quick deliveryDealers also:
Check accounts receivable balancesPricing arrangementsRead service bulletins, etc.
Prentice Hall, 2003 14
Activities AmongCorporate Employees
Large organizations have classified ads on the intranet where employees can buy and sell products and services from each otherEspecially popular in universitiesInterconnect their intranets to increase exposureEmployees collaborate and communicate using EC technologies
Prentice Hall, 2003 15
Intranets
Intranet—a corporate LAN or wide area network (WAN) that uses Internet technology and is secured behind a company’s firewalls; designed to serve the internal informational needs of a companyProvides Internet capabilities, search engines, tools for communication and collaborationCost of converting an existing network system to internal Web is relatively low
Prentice Hall, 2003 16
Intranets (cont.)
Fairly safe within company firewallsEmployees can get out on the Web easilyOutsiders cannot get into the intranet
Change organizational structures and procedures, help reengineer corporations More intranet examples:
Business intelligencePublic servicesCorporate informationCustomer service
Prentice Hall, 2003 17
Wireless LANs Speed Hospital Insurance Payments
Bridgeton—a holding company operating four hospitals in New Jersey
Uses wireless LANs:To process insurance documentationTo reduce the number of denied claims
Via notebook computers, nurses aggregate all the documents needed by the insurance company and submit them electronically
Prentice Hall, 2003 18
Wireless LANs Speed Hospital Insurance Payments (cont.)
Network environment :Supports an intranetBroadcasts data 120 feet from nursing workstationsEnable nurses to maintain a connection in patient rooms Radio card in the notebook computer goes into a roaming mode similar to a cellular phone
Wireless environment enabled changes in business processes
FasterFewer errors
Prentice Hall, 2003 19
Wireless LANs Speed Hospital Insurance Payments (cont.)
Good return on investmentSavings in six-figure dollar amountsModerate cost of setting up the network
$200 for each notebook computer radio card$750 for each of 28 wireless access points
Prentice Hall, 2003 20
Building Intranets
To build an intranet, a company needs:Web servers
Browsers
Web publishing tools
Back-end databases
TCP/IP networks (LAN or WAN)
Firewalls
Prentice Hall, 2003 21
Exhibit 7.1Architecture of an Intranet
Prentice Hall, 2003 22
Intranet Functionalities
Intranet functionalitiesWeb-based database access for ease of useSearch engines, indexing engines, directories assisted by keyword searchInteractive communication—chatting, audio support, videoconferencingDocument distribution and workflowGroupwareConduit for computer-based telephony system
Prentice Hall, 2003 23
Intranet Application Areas
Search and access to documentsPersonalized informationEnhanced knowledge sharingIndividual decision makingSoftware distribution
Document managementProject managementTrainingEnhanced transaction processingPaperless information deliveryEmployees control their own information
Intranet application areas
Prentice Hall, 2003 24
Benefits of an Extranet
When intranets are combined with an external connection to create an extranet, benefits occur:
Much cheaperElectronic commerceCustomer serviceEnhanced group decision making and business processesVirtual organizationsImproved administrative processes
Prentice Hall, 2003 25
Industry-Specific Intranet Solutions
Classified by industry instead of technologyTop 100 intranet/extranet solutions classifications
Financial servicesInformation technologyManufacturingRetail
Services
Prentice Hall, 2003 26
Enterprise (Corporate) Portals
Corporate (enterprise) portal—a gateway for entering a corporate Web site, enabling communication, collaboration, and access to company information
Provide single-point access to specific enterprise information and applications available on:
InternetIntranetsExtranets
Companies may have separate portals for outsiders and for insiders
Prentice Hall, 2003 27
Exhibit 7.2Corporate Portal as a Gateway to
Information
Prentice Hall, 2003 28
Prentice Hall, 2003 29
Prentice Hall, 2003 30
Corporate Portals Applications
Knowledge bases and learning toolsBusiness process supportCustomer facing sales, marketing, servicesCollaboration and project support Access to data from disparate corporate systemsPersonalized pages for users
Effective search and indexing toolsSecurity applicationsBest practices and lessons learnedDirectories and bulletin boardsIdentification of expertsNewsInternet access
Prentice Hall, 2003 31
Exhibit 7.3Corporate Portal Framework
Prentice Hall, 2003 32
Intranet/Portal Example: Cadence Design Systems
Business challengeSupport customer’s entire product development cycle
SalesDelivery
Needed a real understanding of organization’s issues while interacting with customers
CoordinationCommunication
Prentice Hall, 2003 33
Cadence Design Systems (cont.)
The solution: intranet and portal technologyCorporate portal—Web-based single point of information supporting sales process
OnTrack uses home page with links to other pagesUnified tool provides all information and data needed
All creators of information are responsible for maintaining information in OnTrackCustom tools make it easy to add a message to the daily newsletter, modify a step in sales process, or update a customer presentation
Prentice Hall, 2003 34
Cadence Design Systems (cont.)
Lessons learnedDifficult task to balance cost of training against returnKey to success—unifying technology with processDesign structure to satisfy 80% instead of 100% of processOutsourced creation of applicationShortened training time for new sales reps
Prentice Hall, 2003 35
E-Government: An Overview
E-government—the use of IT and e-commerce to provide access to government information and delivery of public services to citizens and business partners
Efficient and effective method of conducting business transactionsOpportunity to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the functions of governmentMake government more transparent to citizens
Prentice Hall, 2003 36
Government-to-Citizens (G2C)
Government-to-citizens (G2C)—e-government category that includes all the interactions between a government and its citizensCitizens can:
Find all the information they need on the WebAsk questions and receive answersPay tax and billsReceive payments and documentsElectronic benefits transfer (EBT) is an example of G2C applications
Prentice Hall, 2003 37
Government-to-Business (G2B)
Government-to-business (G2B)—e-government category that includes interactions between governments and businesses (government selling to businesses and providing them with services, and businesses selling products and services to government)
Prentice Hall, 2003 38
Government-to-Business (cont.)
E-procurementLarge amounts of MROs and materials direct from many suppliersUses basically a reverse auction system
E-auctionsAuction surpluses from vehicles to real estateMay use 3rd-party site
http://gsaauctions.gov/gsaauctions/aucitdsc/
Prentice Hall, 2003 39
Contract Management in Australia
Western Australian (WA) government agency CAMS Online focus is to develop online contract management solutions for the public sector
Government agencies can search existing contracts to access the commonly used contracts Government suppliers can view the current tenders (bids)
Prentice Hall, 2003 40
Contract Management in Australia (cont.)
Provides government departments with expert advice on:
E-commerceInternetSatellite servicesHow-to’s on building a bridge between the technological needs of the public sector and the expertise of the private sector
Offers various types of support for government procurement activities
Prentice Hall, 2003 41
Contract Management in Australia (cont.)
Support of e-commerce activitiesGovernment electronic market providesProcureLinkSalesNet
Training onlineWestlink delivers adult training and educational programs to remote areas and schoolsVideoconferencing service offers two-way video and audio links
Prentice Hall, 2003 42
Government-to-Government (G2G)
Government-to-government (G2G)—e-government category that includes activities within government units and those between governmentsGovernment-to-employees (G2E)—e-government category that includes activities and services between government units and their employees
Prentice Hall, 2003 43
G2E in the U.S. Navy
The U.S. Navy uses G2E to improve the flow of information to sailors and their familiesQuality-of-life information includes:
Self-helpDeployment supportStress managementParenting adviceRelocation assistance
Prentice Hall, 2003 44
G2E in the U.S. Navy (cont.)
Lifelines2000.org reaches overseas personnel using:
InternetSimulcastingTeleconferencingCable televisionSatellite broadcasting
Other e-services to navy personnel:
Online bankingPersonal finance servicesInsuranceEducationTraining
Prentice Hall, 2003 45
Implementing E-Government:Transformation Process
Stage 1: information publishing/dissemination
Individual government departments set up their own Web sites that provide:
Information about themRange of services availableContacts for further assistance
Prentice Hall, 2003 46
Transformation Process (cont.)
Stage 2: official two-way transactionsUsing legally valid digital signatures and secure Web sites, customers:
Submit personal informationConduct monetary transactions
Customers must be convinced that:System keeps their information privateSystem is free of piracy
Prentice Hall, 2003 47
Transformation Process (cont.)
Stage 3: multipurpose portalsCustomer-centric governments enhance service deliveryCustomer needs can cut across department boundaries, portal allows customers to use single point-of-entry to:
Send and receive informationProcess monetary transactions across multiple departments
Prentice Hall, 2003 48
Transformation Process (cont.)
Stage 4: portal personalizationCustomers can access a variety of services at a single Web site
Customers can customize portals with their desired featuresRequires sophisticated Web programming allowing interfacesAdded benefit is that governments get a more accurate read on customer preference
Electronic servicesNon-electronic services
Prentice Hall, 2003 49
Transformation Process (cont.)
Stage 5: clustering of common servicesAll real transformation of government structure takes shape hereCustomers see a unified package instead of once-disparate servicesDistinction between departments begins to blurRecognize groups of transactions instead of groups of agencies
Prentice Hall, 2003 50
Transformation Process (cont.)
Stage 6: full integration and enterprise transformation (see next slide)
Digital encyclopedia is now:Full-service centerPersonalized to each customer’s needs and preferences
Old walls defining services are torn downTechnology integrated across new government structure bridging gap between front and back offices
Prentice Hall, 2003 51
Exhibit 7.4The Stages of E-Government
Prentice Hall, 2003 52
E-Government in the State of Victoria, Australia
Maxi (Maxi.com.au) is Victoria’s e-government initiative with more than 30 government-related services
Register vehiclesObtain drivers licensesOrder birth certificatesNotify government of changes of addressPay utility bills and fines
Prentice Hall, 2003 53
Victoria, Australia (cont.)
Internet portal features four service areas:
1. General information about Maxi2. Bill payment and services by agencies3. Life events (change of address, getting
married, turning 18)4. A business channel
Prentice Hall, 2003 54
Victoria, Australia (cont.)
Maxi kiosks are located in:Shopping centersLibrariesGovernment officesOther public locations around Victoria
SecureNet Certificates provide:Digital certificates of authenticityPublic keys for digital signatures
Prentice Hall, 2003 55
Victoria, Australia (cont.)
To encourage greater use, Maxi offered a lucky draw to usersCustomer adoption of Maxi has exceeded the government’s expectations
First year—24,000 transactions/month40% of transactions occur outside normal 9-to-5 business hours
Prentice Hall, 2003 56
Implementation Issues
Transformation—change is very slowImplementing G2B
Build customer trust by increasing:PrivacySecurityConfidentiality
Plan technology for growth and customer friendlinessManage access channels to optimize valueWeigh in-sourcing vs. outsourcingInclude strong change management program
Prentice Hall, 2003 57
Implementing E-Government (cont.)
Security issues—concerns include:Data about citizens stays securePrivacy of individuals is maintained
Non-Internet e-governmentEmergency situations like the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) paperless help for California earthquake victimsAuctions conducted over private, secured lines
Prentice Hall, 2003 58
Customer-to-Customer Applications
Customer-to-customer e-commerce (C2C)—e-commerce in which both the buyer and the seller are individuals (not businesses);involves activities such as auctions and classified ads
Classified adsPersonal servicesExchanges
http://maine.craigslist.org/
Prentice Hall, 2003 59
Peer-to-Peer Networks & Applications
Peer-to-peer (P2P)—a network architecture in which each workstation (or PC) has similar capabilities; the networked peers share data and processing with each other directly rather than through a central server
Each workstation (PC) has similar capabilitiesBenefit of P2P expands the universe of information accessible
Prentice Hall, 2003 60
Peer-to-Peer Networks (cont.)
Characteristics of P2P systemsUser interface loaded outside the Web browser
User computers act both as clients or as servers
Overall system is easy to use
System includes tools to support users wishing to create content or add functionality
System provides connection with other uses
System does something new or exciting
Supports “cross-networking” protocols
Prentice Hall, 2003 61
Exhibit 7.5Peer-to-Peer Networks
Prentice Hall, 2003 62
Peer-to-Peer Applications
P2P applications in C2CC2C—users sell digital goods directly from their computers rather than go through centralized serversComputer resources and data file sharing—in modern office setting disk drives and printers are shared
Intranet business applications—P2P facilitates internal collaboration
File sharing and swapping
Prentice Hall, 2003 63
Peer-to-Peer Applications (cont.)
Business-to businessPeople can share information but are not required to send it to an unknown serverCompanies use P2P architecture as a base for speeding up business transactions
Companies can deliver two-way collaborative interactions that are:
DynamicIn real-timeCollaborativeCost-effectiveClient-focused
Prentice Hall, 2003 64
Peer-to-Peer Applications (cont.)
Business-to-consumer—combining P2P with collaborative filtering for product searches
1. User enters search keyword2. Keyword is sent to 100 peers, which search
local indices of Web pages3. Those computers also relay query to 100 to
100 to 100 of their peers until 1,000,000 computers are queried
4. Resulting URLs are returned to the user, weighted in favor of most recently visited pages and peers with similar interests
Prentice Hall, 2003 65
Online Publishing
Online publishing—the electronic delivery of newspapers, magazines, news, music, videos, and other digitizable information over the Internet
Mainly used for disseminating information and for conducting sales transactions interactivelyIncludes customized material that the reader will receive free, or for a fee
Prentice Hall, 2003 66
Online Publishing (cont.)
Publishing ModesNewspapers
MagazinesNewsTextbooksMusicArtworkVideo clipsMovies
Publishing MethodsOnline archiveNew mediumPublishing intermediationDynamic or just-in-time
Prentice Hall, 2003 67
Online Publishing (cont.)
Content providers and distributorsChallenges moving into areas with less-developed infrastructuresIssues of intellectual property is a consideration
Akamai.comDigisle.comEdgix.com
Digimarc.com provides a tool for linking print publications with the Web
Prentice Hall, 2003 68
Online Publishing (cont.)
Publishing music, videos, and gamesMajor issue is payment of intellectual property feesPeer-to-peer (P2P) model—people swap files 3rd-party organizer are in violation of copyright laws (Napster)
Prentice Hall, 2003 69
Online Publishing (cont.)
Edutainment—combination of education and entertainment, often through games
Goal: encourage students to become active learnersManagerial issues
Educational games delivered as CD-ROMsDistance-learning format
Prentice Hall, 2003 70
Exhibit 7.6A New Content Delivery Model
Prentice Hall, 2003 71
Electronic Books
E-book—a book in digital form that can be read on a computer screen
Human readers must have an e-book reader:
Adobe Acrobat eBook ReaderMicrosoft Reader
Portable and convenient to carry—70 e-books on one CD-ROM Can be updated frequentlyContain up-to-the-minute informationAre easy to search
Prentice Hall, 2003 72
E-Learning
E-learning—the online delivery of information for purposes of education, training, knowledge management, or performance management
Challenges of e-learningLearner’s challenge is to change the mindset of how learning typically takes placeContent provider’s challenge is to make learning more interactive and engaging
Prentice Hall, 2003 73
E-Learning (cont.)
Benefits of e-learning—the great equalizerEliminates barriers of time, distance, socioeconomic status Individuals take charge of their own lifelong learning experience
E-learning provides a new set of tools that add value to traditional learning modesDoes not replace the classroom setting, but enhances it
Prentice Hall, 2003 74
E-Learning (cont.)
E-learning also used in the business environment
Provides a superior learning and communication model that:
Increases access to learningProvides clear accountability for all participantsReduces costs
Equips employees with the knowledge and information needed to help increase customer satisfaction
Prentice Hall, 2003 75
E-Learning (cont.)
Drawbacks of e-learningNeed for instructor retrainingEquipment needs and support servicesLack of face-to-face interaction and campus lifeAssessmentMaintenance and updatingProtection of intellectual propertyComputer literacy
Prentice Hall, 2003 76
E-Learning (cont.)
Distance learning—formal education that takes place off campus, usually, but not always, through online resourcesVirtual university—an online university from which students take classes from home or other off-site location via the Internet
Prentice Hall, 2003 77
E-Learning (cont.)
Virtual universities offer classes worldwideMay soon see integrated degrees, where students can customize a degree that will best fit their needs and take courses at different universities
Online TrainingA large number of organizations are using online training on a large scale
digitalthink.comclick2learn.comsmartplanet.com
Prentice Hall, 2003 78
Exhibit 7.7Effects of E-Commerce Forces on
Education
Prentice Hall, 2003 79
Question
Define the followingDataInformationKnowledgeUnderstandingWisdom
Where does learning (and teaching) fit??
Prentice Hall, 2003 80
Knowledge Management
Knowledge management (KM)—the process of capturing or creating knowledge, storing it, updating it constantly, and interpreting and using it whenever necessary
Knowledge base—the repository for an enterprise’s accumulated knowledgePromotes an integrated approach to the process of identifying, capturing, retrieving, sharing, evaluating enterprise information assets:
Documented Tacit expertise stored in individuals’ heads
Prentice Hall, 2003 81
Online Advice and Consulting
Medical adviceManagement consultingLegal adviceGurusFinancial advice
Prentice Hall, 2003 82
Portal Speed R&D at Amway
For effective R&D, Amway must develop new products in a streamlined and cost-efficient mannerTo support design activity the need fast and easy access to:
Product specificationsFormulasDesign criteria Production schedulesCosts Sales trends
Prentice Hall, 2003 83
Amway (cont.)
Artemis—a business intelligence and knowledge management portal
Easier access to corporate knowledgeBrowser-based intranet application that enables R&D to:
Quickly find the information and knowledge they requireCollaboration toolsDatabase for locating company experts
Prentice Hall, 2003 84
Amway (cont.)
Lotus Notes/Domino search agent enables employees to:
Pull data from disparate corporate sources Generate dynamic reports Work in a highly secured environment
Time required to access information:Dropped from days to minutes or secondsEnabling fast “what-if” investigations
Prentice Hall, 2003 85
Summary
Intrabusiness EC defined—all EC initiatives conducted within one organizationThe intranet and its use in organizations—used for internal communication, collaboration, and discovery of information in various internal databasesThe relationship between the corporate portal and the intranet—gateway through which users access the various applications conducted over the intranet, E-government to citizens—governments providing a large variety of services to citizens over the Internet
Prentice Hall, 2003 86
Summary (cont.)
Other e-government activities—using EC applications for great savings (e.g., e-procurement using reverse auctions)Applications of peer-to-peer technology—allows direct communication for sharing files and for collaborationOnline publishing and e-books is growing rapidlyE-learning, virtual universities, and knowledge management and dissemination—is the delivery of educational content via electronic media