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Mkhulu Mathe, PhD
EV Infrastructure, JHB, November 2012
eMobility Value Chain for South Africa
Agenda
© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
2
eMobility R&D
1
CSIR/MSM
3
Value Chain
4
IBA key points
6
Summary
5
On-going R&D
Reflections
• Will lithium-ion batteries deliver on the promises of the power, energy, cost
and safety in commercially available energy storage systems?
• Batteries set to become $60 billion industry by '13 – Lux prediction ’09
• Is the electric car industry doomed?
The dismiss of A123 and the shaky position of Tesla seem to indicate the
electric car industry is not doing well. Will the electric car industry survive for
the next 5 years? How much more taxpayers money needs to be pumped to
prop up the industry? What are your thoughts? - 9 days ago
• Battery pack at present $7500 is targeted/ envisaged to drop down to
$1000/pack
© CSIR 2009 www.csir.co.za
National System of Innovation
BASIC RESEARCH DIRECTED RESEARCH IMPLEMENTATIONDEVELOPMENT
[Advancement of knowledge]
[New understanding of research domains]
[New technologies,Products or services]
[Impact on economy and society]
Universities and national facilities
The CSIR reports to the Minister of Science and Technology
CSIR and other science councils
Industry/public sector
Who we are
Multidisciplinary research - multisector
Human Sciences
Research Council
Human sciences
Agricultural Research
Council
Agriculture
Health and medicine
Mining and mineral processing
Funding agency
NationalResearch
Foundation
Geosciences
Water Research
Commission
Public research
institutions and funding
agencies
Funding agency
Council forScientific and
IndustrialResearch
Mintek
Council for Geosciences
Medical Research
Council
Selected public research institutions and funding agenciesWho we are
Research Impact Areas
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
INDUSTRY
BUILT ENVIRONMENT
DEFENCE & SECURITY
HEALTH
ENERGY
Enabling technologies & facilities
ICT
Sensors
Photonics
Robotics
Modelling
Materials
Research facilities
What we do
MSM research areas
Applications
Technologies
Energy
Health
Bio-based buildingmaterials
IndustryAutomotive
Industry Aerospace
IndustryMicro
manufacturing
M a t e r i a l s
Energy Materials
• Electrochemical Energy
Technologies
- Advanced Batteries and
Supercapacitors
- Fuel Cells
- Dye Solar Cells
© CSIR 2009 www.csir.co.za
• Clean Energy Technologies
- Gasification
- Fluidisation
- Combustion
- Hydrogen Storage
Andreas Rechel, MD P3 South Africa (PTY) LTD, eMobility @ Automotive Week 2011
Introducing eMobility Value ChainBattery Recycling Energy Generation
Charging Infrastructure
Smart Grids
Standards Connectivity
Second Life Battery
Battery Technology
Apps
Mobility Options Components
Service
Electric Vehicles
Connectivity
Opportunities along the value chain
• Battery Recycling
• Energy Generation
• Smart Grids
• Charging Infrastructure
• Standards Connectivity
• Battery Technology
• Electric Vehicles
• Components
• Battery Second Life
© CSIR 2009 www.csir.co.za
Advanced Battery Technologies Value Chain
© CSIR 2009 www.csir.co.za
Advanced Battery Technologies Development Programme Value Proposition,Consortium and Stakeholder Workshop, 12 April 2012
Market view – Key drives
© CSIR 2009 www.csir.co.za
Li-ion Battery Demand for Portable Devices
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Year
Ba
tte
ry D
em
an
d (
MW
h/y
ea
r)
Cellular Notebook Power Tools Other
Ave. annual growth rate 6%
Li-ion battery demand for portable devices [based on IIT, 2009]
© CSIR 2010 Slide 15
SA Opportunity – A New Industry
Industrialise batteryprecursor production
Pilot cell development and production
Pack development and industrialisation
Opportunity:• Battery materials production leveraging mineral resources and local expertise• On this platform, forward integration into cells & packs
Industrialise cathode / anode materials:License, develop
Advanced Battery Technologies Development Programme Value Proposition, Consortium and Stakeholder Workshop, 12 April 2012
Key points from the IBA meeting• Cape Town’s One & Only Hotel, played host to the IBA Conference 2011 (International
Battery Association)
• “This is the third occasion that an IBA Conference has been held in South Africa. If the success of the past two meetings is anything to go by, we can expect that the third Meeting, here in Cape Town, will be equally successful.” Zempachi Ogumi, IBA President.
• A success it was, as over 100 scientists, engineers, government officials, students, IP Practitioners, legal professionals and media from Australia; Bulgaria; Canada; China; France; Germany; Japan; Korea; Russia; South Africa; Switzerland; Taiwan and the USA attended the event. www.
• Workshop held with Industry players at Kruger National Park, July 2012 – How does South Africa start a lithium battery industry
© CSIR 2009 www.csir.co.za
The People
• 1974 - Johan Coetzer - initiates structural studies of battery materials, AgI
solid electrolytes, high-T Na/Zeolite-S cells, Na/MCl2 cells
• 1975 - Michael Thackeray joins Coetzer - AgI solid electrolytes, high-
temperature Li/iron oxide cells
• 1978 - Roy Galloway joins CSIR team
• Roger Bones (Harwell, UK), Jim Sudworth (Beta R&D, UK)
• 1981 Thackeray joins Professor John Goodenough at Oxford armed with
spinel samples including Fe3O4 and Mn3O4
© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
Lithium Batteries • Late 1970’s - Thackeray studies high temperature LiAl/LiCl, KCl/iron oxide cells to
evaluate them against Argonne’s more corrosive LiAl/LiCl, KCl/FeSx system.
• Thackeray demonstrates Li insertion into Fe3O4 and Mn3O4 at room temperature
leading to a study of LiMn2O4
• Thackeray, Gummow and de Kock - demonstrate Li-rich spinels Li1+xMn2-xO4 suppress
solubility as well as structural distortions, thereby significantly enhancing
performance
• Thackeray, Ferg, Gummow and de Kock demonstrate that safe lithium-ion cells can be constructed by coupling a Li4Ti5O12 spinel anode with a Li1+xMn2-xO4 spinel cathode
• The introduction of the first commercial lithium-ion batteries by Sony Corporation
triggered a series of visits between 1992 and 1993 to companies in Japan, Europe
and the United States to market CSIR’s patent portfolio.
• CSIR’s first Li battery license executed in 1995.
© CSIR 2009 www.csir.co.za
Li4Ti5O12
+ +
Li1+x-yMn2-xO4 Li1+xMn2-xO4Li7Ti5O12
Li
2.5 V
Li4Ti5O12
+ +
Li1+x-yMn2-xO4 Li1+xMn2-xO4Li7Ti5O12
Li
2.5 V
Li
2.5 V
On-going R&D strategy
© CSIR 2009 www.csir.co.za
On-going R&D strategy
© CSIR 2009 www.csir.co.za
Overview of SA battery research activities
• University of Limpopo
• Wits University
• Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
• University of Western Cape
• IDC
• Sasol
• Eskom
© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
Research Focus
• Synthesis of lithium battery electrode materials that will provide:
• High Energy Storage
• High Power
• Improved Safety
• Cost (initial cost, cycle rates, refresh times, degradation, etc)
• Thin film/ smart structures batteries
• Battery characterization, testing and diagnostics – Defense Peace
Safety and Security (DPSS)
• Battery electronics - DPSS
© CSIR 2010 www.csir.co.za
© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
Summary
• CSIR and MSM were introduced with the relevant activities for this
conference
• Opportunities were identified for the South African participation along
the eMobility value chain
• Advanced Batteries Value Proposition was discussed with a huge
opportunity for South Africa to start new industry acknowledged
• R&D activities on-going in the country were contextualised to the global
trends
Acknowledgements
© CSIR 2011 www.csir.co.za
• Energy Materials Group
• MSM
Thank You
For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope.
Ecclesiastes 9:4
© CSIR 2009 www.csir.co.za