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PRESENT PROGRAMSPRESENT PROGRAMS
AND FUTURE PLANSAND FUTURE PLANSPRESENT PROGRAMSPRESENT PROGRAMS
AND FUTURE PLANSAND FUTURE PLANS
SUGARCANE RESEARCH &
EXTENSION BY UF/IFAS
SUGARCANE RESEARCH &
EXTENSION BY UF/IFAS
SUGARCANE AGRONOMYSUGARCANE AGRONOMYDr. Robert GilbertDr. Robert Gilbert
Stage III CP Breeding ProgramStage III CP Breeding Program• Collaborators: USDA, FSCLCollaborators: USDA, FSCL
Cultivar Maturity TrialsCultivar Maturity Trials• Collaborators: SCGC, USDACollaborators: SCGC, USDA
Transgenic Sugarcane EvaluationTransgenic Sugarcane Evaluation• Collaborators: Agron. Dept., TREC, USDACollaborators: Agron. Dept., TREC, USDA
Organic Amendments for Sandland NutritionOrganic Amendments for Sandland Nutrition• Collaborators: FL Crystals, USDACollaborators: FL Crystals, USDA
Sugarcane Response to FloodingSugarcane Response to Flooding• Collaborators: USDACollaborators: USDA
Green Cane HarvestGreen Cane Harvest• Collaborators: SCGC, SWFREC, FL Crystals, Collaborators: SCGC, SWFREC, FL Crystals,
USDA, USSCUSDA, USSC
SUGARCANE AGRONOMYSUGARCANE AGRONOMY
SCMV field dayMill mud strip
No mill mud
Somaclonal variation CP Cultivar field day
SUGARCANE AGRONOMYSUGARCANE AGRONOMY
Low water table
Flooded cane
Adventitious roots
Raking residue
Trash weight
Burnt vs. green
SUGARCANE AGRONOMYSUGARCANE AGRONOMYRESULTSRESULTS
Stage III CP Breeding ProgramStage III CP Breeding Program• CP clones grown on > 80% of FL acreageCP clones grown on > 80% of FL acreage
Cultivar Maturity TrialsCultivar Maturity Trials• Harvest schedule recommendations on EDISHarvest schedule recommendations on EDIS
Transgenic SugarcaneTransgenic Sugarcane• SCMV-resistant high-yielding clones identifiedSCMV-resistant high-yielding clones identified
Organic Amendments for Sandland NutritionOrganic Amendments for Sandland Nutrition• Mill mud > soybean rotation = inorganic fertilizerMill mud > soybean rotation = inorganic fertilizer
Flooded CaneFlooded Cane• 3-month flood reduced sucrose yield 30% in plant 3-month flood reduced sucrose yield 30% in plant
canecane Green CaneGreen Cane
• Significant differences in soil temp., LAI and TCA on Significant differences in soil temp., LAI and TCA on muckmuck
Fig. 4
Days after Oct. 14
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SP
T (
lbs
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ose
/ton
)
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88-150888-176288-183489-214389-2377
SCMV-resistant VR18-54
SANDLAND ORGANIC AMENDMENTS STUDYPlant Cane Yield
0.0
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uc
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Fertilizer
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Tim e (15-m in avg)
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il T
em
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re °
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Soil Temperature (11 - 17 March 2005)
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So
il T
em
pera
ture
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EREC Green Cane TCA
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SUGARCANE AGRONOMYSUGARCANE AGRONOMYFUTURE RESEARCH PLANSFUTURE RESEARCH PLANS
Continuing:Continuing:• Stage IIIStage III• Crop ModelingCrop Modeling• Sandland NutritionSandland Nutrition• Transgenic SugarcaneTransgenic Sugarcane• Green CaneGreen Cane
New:New:• Green Cane Green Cane
Management on SandManagement on Sand• Sugarcane for Ethanol Sugarcane for Ethanol
proposalproposal
Multi-disciplinary Projects:Agronomy: Gilbert, Kingston & EzenwaWeeds: RainboltInsects: Nuessly & CherryDiseases: RaidWater Quality: Daroub & MorganCrop Nutrition: McCray & MorganExtension: Rice & Baucum
SUGARCANE AGRONOMYSUGARCANE AGRONOMYGreen cane production systemGreen cane production system
Drs. Kingston Drs. Kingston et al.et al. Field trials for agro-ecology Field trials for agro-ecology
and management of green caneand management of green cane• Experiments on muck and sandy Experiments on muck and sandy
soils.soils.• Collaborators – Collaborators – Gilbert, Kingston, Gilbert, Kingston,
Ezenwa, Eiland, Rice, Shine, Luo, Raid, Ezenwa, Eiland, Rice, Shine, Luo, Raid, Rainbolt, Roka, Rainbolt, Roka,
Applications for more precise Applications for more precise agricultureagriculture
Muck soil expt. Muck soil expt. established 2004-established 2004-05 05
Compares burnt, Compares burnt, trash rake & trash trash rake & trash blanketblanket
Sandland expt. Sandland expt. Established 2005-06Established 2005-06
Compares burnt, Compares burnt, trash rake, trash trash rake, trash blanket & trash blanket & trash blanket with diskingblanket with disking
SUGARCANE AGRONOMYSUGARCANE AGRONOMYAgro-ecology of green cane systemAgro-ecology of green cane system
Assessing utility of earth conductivity Assessing utility of earth conductivity for applications of precision for applications of precision agriculture on EAA Histosols.agriculture on EAA Histosols.• CollaboratorsCollaborators – – Kingston, Luo, Shine, RiceKingston, Luo, Shine, Rice
Cost benefit analysis of land levelling Cost benefit analysis of land levelling for sugarcane production on sandland for sugarcane production on sandland soils.soils.• Collaborators – Collaborators – Ezenwa, KingstonEzenwa, Kingston
SUGARCANE AGRONOMYSUGARCANE AGRONOMYApplications for more precise agricultureApplications for more precise agriculture
Dr. G. Kingston Dr. G. Kingston et al.et al.
ObjectiveObjective• Is bulk electrical cond. Is bulk electrical cond.
of muck a function of of muck a function of soil depth?soil depth?
• Is soil depth related to Is soil depth related to properties that affect properties that affect cane yield? cane yield? eg. pH and eg. pH and sulfur applicationsulfur application
Commenced summer Commenced summer 20052005
Initial results show good Initial results show good correlation of ECa with correlation of ECa with depth to ~3ft.depth to ~3ft.
Chemical data to be Chemical data to be interpreted.interpreted.
SUGARCANE AGRONOMYSUGARCANE AGRONOMYEarth conductivity and precision Earth conductivity and precision
agricultureagricultureEarth conductivity & Depth of Pahokee Muck soil
y = 1.08x + 7.81
r2 = 0.93
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 50 100 150 200
Emv (mS/m)
De
pth
(c
m)
Depth_pahokee
Depth_USSC
ObjectiveObjective Determine yield Determine yield
response & cost response & cost benefit of land benefit of land levelingleveling on sandland on sandland
Commenced summer Commenced summer 20052005
Ditch cleaning & Ditch cleaning & cultivation causes cultivation causes “dished” surface profile “dished” surface profile between beds.between beds.
Potential for effect on Potential for effect on drainage & soil fertility.drainage & soil fertility.
SUGARCANE AGRONOMYSUGARCANE AGRONOMYCost benefit of land levelingCost benefit of land leveling
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Easting (m)
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Earth conductivity (EMh) for blocks 41-AE, BF & CH-21 at ALICO
SUGARCANE AGRONOMY ON SUGARCANE AGRONOMY ON MINERAL SOILSMINERAL SOILSDr. Ike V. EzenwaDr. Ike V. Ezenwa
N fertilization of sugarcane on N fertilization of sugarcane on organic- and non-amended mineral organic- and non-amended mineral soilsoil
Rate and method of P application on Rate and method of P application on mineral soilsmineral soils
Current studies
Main Focus of ProgramMain Focus of Program
Improved agronomic management practicesImproved agronomic management practices• N, P, K fertilizationN, P, K fertilization• Soil organic matter ImprovementSoil organic matter Improvement• No-till production systemsNo-till production systems• Weed managementWeed management
Sustainable harvesting methodsSustainable harvesting methods• Green cane harvestingGreen cane harvesting
No compost- 0 N With Compost- 0 N
No compost- 234 kg N/ha With compost- 234 kg N/ha
N fertilization of sugarcane on organic- and non-amended mineral soil
N fertilization of sugarcane on organic- and non-amended mineral soil
Sugarcane heights in 15 June - 7 September 2005.
Date
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
Sta
lk h
eig
ht
(in
ches
)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 lb/A N70 lb/A N 140 lb/A N210 lb/A N
N fertilization of sugarcane on organic- N fertilization of sugarcane on organic- and non-amended mineral soiland non-amended mineral soil
Future research plansFuture research plans
Obtain and analyze data on effects of Obtain and analyze data on effects of green cane harvestinggreen cane harvesting
Help industry determine potential Help industry determine potential impact of the practiceimpact of the practice
Green cane harvesting:Green cane harvesting: Positive vs. Negative effects? Positive vs. Negative effects?
SUGARCANE AGRONOMY ON SUGARCANE AGRONOMY ON MINERAL SOILSMINERAL SOILS
SOIL and WATER SCIENCESOIL and WATER SCIENCEDr. K.T. MorganDr. K.T. Morgan
• Program EmphasisProgram Emphasis Improved nutrient use efficiencyImproved nutrient use efficiencyContribution of crop residue to N, P, and K Contribution of crop residue to N, P, and K
cyclingcyclingSoil nutrient modelingSoil nutrient modeling
• StudiesStudiesDemonstration of CRF use on sugarcaneDemonstration of CRF use on sugarcaneDocumentation of N reductions using CRFDocumentation of N reductions using CRFN, P, and K availability from crop residues N, P, and K availability from crop residues
(Green Cane Harvest)(Green Cane Harvest)
SOIL and WATER SCIENCESOIL and WATER SCIENCECRF DEMONSTRATIONCRF DEMONSTRATION
SOIL and WATER SCIENCESOIL and WATER SCIENCECRF DEMONSTRATIONCRF DEMONSTRATION
Sugarcane Leaf Nitrogen
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
2.20
2.40
5/8/05 5/18/05 5/28/05 6/7/05 6/17/05 6/27/05 7/7/05 7/17/05 7/27/05
Sampling Date
Lea
f N
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
%)
Standard 100%
CRF 75% rate
CRF 50% rate
SOIL and WATER SCIENCESOIL and WATER SCIENCE CRF RATE STUDY
SOIL and WATER SCIENCESOIL and WATER SCIENCE CRF RATE STUDY
• Experimental DesignExperimental DesignRandomized complete blockRandomized complete block3 replications per treatment3 replications per treatmentRepeated sampling over timeRepeated sampling over time
• TreatmentsTreatmentsSoluble fertilizer 5 X per yearSoluble fertilizer 5 X per yearComplete CRF at plantingComplete CRF at plantingSlow release N / soluble P and K at plantingSlow release N / soluble P and K at plantingSoluble N, P, and K at planting/ slow release Soluble N, P, and K at planting/ slow release
N at 60 days after plantingN at 60 days after plantingN rates from 100% to 50% of 265 lb/acN rates from 100% to 50% of 265 lb/ac
SOIL and WATER SCIENCESOIL and WATER SCIENCE GREENCANE HARVEST
SOIL and WATER SCIENCESOIL and WATER SCIENCE GREENCANE HARVEST
• Measurements - Measurements - Stalk heights and weightsStalk heights and weights Leaf N concentrationLeaf N concentration Soil N concentrationSoil N concentration Estimated sugar yieldEstimated sugar yield
• Crop Residue - MineralizationCrop Residue - Mineralization Burned cane - ashBurned cane - ash No-till - surface residueNo-till - surface residue Till – incorporated residueTill – incorporated residue
• Soil TransformationsSoil Transformations Nitrification ratesNitrification rates Denitrification ratesDenitrification rates Phosphorus solubilityPhosphorus solubility
SOIL and WATER SCIENCESOIL and WATER SCIENCEFUTURE RESEARCH PLANSFUTURE RESEARCH PLANS
• Use of soil test Use of soil test for phosphorus for phosphorus fertilization.fertilization.
• Soil variability Soil variability effects on effects on nutrition.nutrition.
Water Quality and BMP Water Quality and BMP ResearchResearch
Samira Daroub*, Ming Chen,Samira Daroub*, Ming Chen, Orlando Diaz, and Timothy Lang Orlando Diaz, and Timothy Lang
Highlights of Research ResultsHighlights of Research Resultsandand
Overview of New Scope of WorkOverview of New Scope of Work
Specific Conductance in EAA Specific Conductance in EAA CanalsCanals
Specific conductance research on farm canal Specific conductance research on farm canal water completed. Report issued by IFAS water completed. Report issued by IFAS accepted by SFWMD and FDEP, March 2005accepted by SFWMD and FDEP, March 2005
No BMPs needed for specific conductance in EAANo BMPs needed for specific conductance in EAA
Control of Particulate PControl of Particulate P
Final Report submitted to SFWMD Final Report submitted to SFWMD and FDEP:and FDEP:
Control floating aquatic weedsControl floating aquatic weedsLimit main canal drainage velocityLimit main canal drainage velocityRegularly remove canal sedimentsRegularly remove canal sediments
New Scope of WorkNew Scope of Work
Particulate P Demonstration Particulate P Demonstration FarmFarm
Analysis of Existing BMP DataAnalysis of Existing BMP Data BMP Training WorkshopsBMP Training Workshops BMP Consultation ProgramBMP Consultation Program Extension PublicationsExtension Publications
BMP Demonstration FarmBMP Demonstration FarmObjective:Objective: evaluate the impact of improved evaluate the impact of improved
particulate P control practices compared to particulate P control practices compared to conventional practices on drainage water qualityconventional practices on drainage water quality
Overview:Overview:• two similar sugarcane blocks at ERECtwo similar sugarcane blocks at EREC• each block isolated w/ pump and monitoring each block isolated w/ pump and monitoring
equipequip• agronomics: sugarcane production w/ fallow, agronomics: sugarcane production w/ fallow,
rotational cropsrotational crops
Improved BMP BlockImproved BMP Block
200 acres sugarcane200 acres sugarcaneWeed boom upstream of pumpWeed boom upstream of pumpAggressive FAW controlAggressive FAW controlVelocity controlVelocity controlCanal level controlCanal level control
Control BlockControl Block
150 acres sugarcane150 acres sugarcaneWeed boom near pumpWeed boom near pumpMinimal aq weed controlMinimal aq weed controlDrainage manager controlledDrainage manager controlled
Flow-Weighted P Species Concentrations
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160
180
Control IMP Control IMP
2003 2003 2004 2004
Ph
osp
ho
rus
(pp
b)
TP TDP PPSpecies 2003 2004TP 46% 49%TDP 41% 56%PP 50% 35%
Percent Reduction
BMP Training WorkshopsBMP Training Workshops
Half-day training workshops offered at Half-day training workshops offered at Everglades RECEverglades REC
Topics include BMPs related to:Topics include BMPs related to:
• Soil testingSoil testing• Fertilizer applicationFertilizer application• Water table managementWater table management• Particulate P controlParticulate P control• Sediment controlSediment control• Pesticide SafetyPesticide Safety• CEUs offeredCEUs offered
Analysis of Existing BMP Analysis of Existing BMP DataData
Compile IFAS conducted BMP research into Compile IFAS conducted BMP research into one comprehensive accessible databaseone comprehensive accessible database
Determine questions of interestDetermine questions of interest Conduct initial low level analyses Conduct initial low level analyses Follow up with higher order geo-statistical Follow up with higher order geo-statistical
and modeling analysesand modeling analyses Produce and extend recommendationsProduce and extend recommendations
BMP Consultation ProgramBMP Consultation Program
Purpose:Purpose:• Optimize BMP implementation throughout EAAOptimize BMP implementation throughout EAA
MethodsMethods::• Individual consultations between IFAS and growersIndividual consultations between IFAS and growers• Utilize knowledge base of IFAS and grower communityUtilize knowledge base of IFAS and grower community• Develop recommendations for individual farmsDevelop recommendations for individual farms• Impact measured by tracking changes in farm loadsImpact measured by tracking changes in farm loads
Personnel:Personnel: • Samira Daroub, Orlando Diaz, Tim LangSamira Daroub, Orlando Diaz, Tim Lang
Extension PublicationsExtension Publications
Sediment ControlSediment Control Soil TestingSoil Testing Fertilizer Spill PreventionFertilizer Spill Prevention Fertilizer Application ControlFertilizer Application Control
ACKNOWLEDGMENTSACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Landowners’ support of this project Landowners’ support of this project thru EAA-EPD funding is greatly thru EAA-EPD funding is greatly
appreciatedappreciated
Sugarcane NutritionSugarcane NutritionDr. Mabry McCrayDr. Mabry McCray
Current StudiesCurrent Studies
DRIS Fertilizer Supplement Study DRIS Fertilizer Supplement Study Cooperators: Florida Crystals, Stitt Ranch, Lykes Bros.Cooperators: Florida Crystals, Stitt Ranch, Lykes Bros. 25 paired comparisons in plant cane fields in 2004/05, 25 paired comparisons in plant cane fields in 2004/05,
29 comparisons in plant and 129 comparisons in plant and 1stst stubble fields in 2005/06 stubble fields in 2005/06 Tests the effect of a fertilizer supplement based on DRIS Tests the effect of a fertilizer supplement based on DRIS
leaf nutrient indices in April/Mayleaf nutrient indices in April/May Develop guidelines for economic use of DRIS-based Develop guidelines for economic use of DRIS-based
supplements and for incorporation of leaf analysis into supplements and for incorporation of leaf analysis into an overall programan overall program
Sugarcane NutritionSugarcane Nutrition
DRIS Study Harvest Data – All Fields DRIS Study Harvest Data – All Fields (2004/05)(2004/05)
TCATCA TSA TSA % Yld% Yld
Control 47.84 5.69 11.89Control 47.84 5.69 11.89
DRIS 47.82 5.55 11.60DRIS 47.82 5.55 11.60
# Comparisons 19 16 16# Comparisons 19 16 16
p > t .9945 .7812 .4830p > t .9945 .7812 .4830
Sugarcane NutritionSugarcane Nutrition
Current StudiesCurrent Studies
Leaf and Soil SurveyLeaf and Soil Survey
Cooperators: Florida Crystals, Duda, King Ranch, R. C. Cooperators: Florida Crystals, Duda, King Ranch, R. C. Hatton, Hilliard Bros., Lykes Bros., Alico, Stitt RanchHatton, Hilliard Bros., Lykes Bros., Alico, Stitt Ranch
162 plant cane fields sampled in 2004, 63 additional 162 plant cane fields sampled in 2004, 63 additional fields in 2005fields in 2005
Look for trends in deficiencies or imbalancesLook for trends in deficiencies or imbalances Examine nutrition in relation to productionExamine nutrition in relation to production First year results indicated that Si, Mg, and Mn were the First year results indicated that Si, Mg, and Mn were the
nutrients most limiting production in fields surveyednutrients most limiting production in fields surveyed
Sugarcane NutritionSugarcane Nutrition
Current Studies Current Studies
Phosphorus Rate Study Phosphorus Rate Study
2 locations planted in fall 2004 2 locations planted in fall 2004 (Okeelanta and EREC), (Okeelanta and EREC),
6 P rates, band and broadcast6 P rates, band and broadcast Ike Ezenwa planted a similar test on a Ike Ezenwa planted a similar test on a
mineral soil in 2004/05mineral soil in 2004/05 IFAS/SCGC rate tests are ongoingIFAS/SCGC rate tests are ongoing All available data will be used to update All available data will be used to update
IFAS recommendationsIFAS recommendations
Sugarcane NutritionSugarcane Nutrition
Current StudiesCurrent Studies
Silicon/Magnesium StudySilicon/Magnesium Study 2 locations planted in fall 2004, Sugar Farms 2 locations planted in fall 2004, Sugar Farms
Cooperative (muck) and Hilliard Bros (sand)Cooperative (muck) and Hilliard Bros (sand) Designed to compare sources, rates, and Designed to compare sources, rates, and
placement of silica and magnesium amendment placement of silica and magnesium amendment materialsmaterials
Found significant increases in tons sugar/acre Found significant increases in tons sugar/acre with Ca silicate application in first year (05/06) at with Ca silicate application in first year (05/06) at each locationeach location
Application of magnesium increased percent Application of magnesium increased percent sugar yield but did not significantly increase tons sugar yield but did not significantly increase tons sugar/acre (05/06)sugar/acre (05/06)
Sugarcane NutritionSugarcane Nutrition
New ResearchNew Research
Nutritional Impact of Green Harvest – EREC Nutritional Impact of Green Harvest – EREC location started in 2004/05, Hilliard location location started in 2004/05, Hilliard location started fall 2005started fall 2005
Comparison of sugarcane on organic soil Comparison of sugarcane on organic soil with and without added N fertilizer (EREC) – with and without added N fertilizer (EREC) – fall 2005fall 2005
Furrow application of mill mud and compost Furrow application of mill mud and compost on a mineral soil (Hilliard Bros) – fall 2005on a mineral soil (Hilliard Bros) – fall 2005
Silicon rate study (EREC) – fall 2005Silicon rate study (EREC) – fall 2005
Economic Thresholds for Economic Thresholds for Wireworm Control in Plant Wireworm Control in Plant Cane on Sand and MuckCane on Sand and Muck
Economic Thresholds for Economic Thresholds for Wireworm Control in Plant Wireworm Control in Plant Cane on Sand and MuckCane on Sand and Muck
Dr. Phil StanslyDr. Phil StanslySouthwest Florida Research and Education CenterSouthwest Florida Research and Education Center
Dr. Ron CherryDr. Ron CherryEverglades Research and Education CenterEverglades Research and Education Center
Dr. Phil StanslyDr. Phil StanslySouthwest Florida Research and Education CenterSouthwest Florida Research and Education Center
Dr. Ron CherryDr. Ron CherryEverglades Research and Education CenterEverglades Research and Education Center
ObjectiveObjective
To determine when it is really To determine when it is really necessary to use soil insecticides for necessary to use soil insecticides for wireworm control when planting wireworm control when planting sugarcanesugarcane
MethodsMethods
Determine if wireworms can be Determine if wireworms can be sampled at planting to decide if soil sampled at planting to decide if soil insecticides are required.insecticides are required.
Determine if soil type affects Determine if soil type affects wireworm populations.wireworm populations.
Determine if season affects Determine if season affects wireworm populationswireworm populations
BenefitsBenefits
Economic savingsEconomic savings Reduced handling toxic substances = Reduced handling toxic substances =
safety issuesafety issue Reduce environmental contaminationReduce environmental contamination Good public relationsGood public relations Reduce possibility of insecticide Reduce possibility of insecticide
resistanceresistance
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Thanks to Florida Sugar Cane League Thanks to Florida Sugar Cane League for substantial fundingfor substantial funding
Thanks to Paul Grose and King Ranch Thanks to Paul Grose and King Ranch for cooperation and land usefor cooperation and land use
Sugarcane Insect Pest Sugarcane Insect Pest ManagementManagement
Yellow Sugarcane Aphid
Lesser Cornstalk BorerLesser Cornstalk BorerWireworms
Dr. Gregg NuesslyDr. Gregg Nuessly
Early season YSA feeding reducesinternode width/length and leaf length with season long effect of reduced sugar at harvest
YellowSugarcaneAphid
Leaves with <50% green color at timeof treatment for aphids:
50% of leaves = 12% yield loss90% of leaves = 19% yield loss
Sugarcane Insect Pest ManagementSugarcane Insect Pest Management
YellowSugarcaneAphid
Sugarcane Insect Pest ManagementSugarcane Insect Pest Management
Susceptible CP98-1569 Resistant CP98-1497
Evaluated all CP98 and CP99 Stage IV clones for susceptibility to YSA
Evaluated biology and efficacy of natural enemies to control YSA
Graduate student Fall 2006
LesserCornstalkBorer
Early season damage tosugarcane, corn & beans
Sugarcane Insect Pest ManagementSugarcane Insect Pest Management
Shotholes
Deadshoots
Worse in warm, dry Springfollowing similar Winter
Graduate student beginsJanuary 2006
Evaluating seed treatment insecticides for wireworm control in vegetables
Then examine technology transfer to sugarcane
Sugarcane Insect Pest ManagementSugarcane Insect Pest Management
Wireworms
FUTURE RESEARCH FUTURE RESEARCH PLANSPLANS
1. Continue to evaluate effects of green 1. Continue to evaluate effects of green harvest sugarcane production systems on harvest sugarcane production systems on insect populations and sugarcane damageinsect populations and sugarcane damage
Sugarcane Insect Pest ManagementSugarcane Insect Pest Management
2. Examine the biology and control of lesser cornstalk borer in sugarcane
3. Examine the ecology of yellow and white sugarcane aphids
SUGARCANE WEED SCIENCESUGARCANE WEED SCIENCEDr. C.R. RainboltDr. C.R. Rainbolt
K4 herbicide evaluation for plant cane K4 herbicide evaluation for plant cane and sandland caneand sandland cane• Collaborators: DuPont, ALICO, USSC, Duda, Collaborators: DuPont, ALICO, USSC, Duda,
Paige Farms, Les Baucum, Ike EzenwaPaige Farms, Les Baucum, Ike Ezenwa Palisade ripener and seedcane Palisade ripener and seedcane
evaluationevaluation• Collaborators: Syngenta, King Ranch, USSC, Collaborators: Syngenta, King Ranch, USSC,
SCGC, FL CrystalsSCGC, FL Crystals Experimental herbicide evaluationExperimental herbicide evaluation
• Collaborators: Syngenta, FMC, ISK Collaborators: Syngenta, FMC, ISK Biosciences, Bayer Crop ScienceBiosciences, Bayer Crop Science
SUGARCANE WEED SUGARCANE WEED CONTROLCONTROL
Sandea for nutsedge control
Palisade seed piece trialK4 on sandland cane
Experimental herbicides
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
CP80-
1743
CP88-
1762
CP89-
2143
CP78-
1628
CP84-
1198
CL77-797
Palisade Untreated
Palisade pre-plant seed treatment 2005 -
Count Date 12/28/2005 - First Count
Planted 11/17-19/2005
WEED SCIENCEWEED SCIENCE
Palisade ripener and seedcane Palisade ripener and seedcane evaluationevaluation• Increased number of nodes per linear foot Increased number of nodes per linear foot
of stalk and increased stand counts in field of stalk and increased stand counts in field trialtrial
Experimental herbicide evaluationExperimental herbicide evaluation• Initial trials are encouraging with some Initial trials are encouraging with some
herbicidesherbicides K4 herbicide evaluation for plant cane K4 herbicide evaluation for plant cane
and sandland caneand sandland cane• Establishing rate guidelines for weed Establishing rate guidelines for weed
control efficacy and crop safetycontrol efficacy and crop safety
SUGARCANE WEED SUGARCANE WEED CONTROLCONTROL
Envoke + Asulox applied to 4-5 inch tall crabgrass and fall panicum
applied 13 days later applied 20 days later
WEED SCIENCEWEED SCIENCEFUTURE RESEARCHFUTURE RESEARCH
Nutsedge Nutsedge interference with interference with sugarcanesugarcane
Biology of sorghum Biology of sorghum almumalmum
Green cane residue Green cane residue weed suppressionweed suppression
Examining the potential of Examining the potential of Barn Owls as rodent Barn Owls as rodent
controllerscontrollers
Dr. Richard Raid Dr. Richard Raid Jason MartinGraduate Student Jason Martin
Graduate Student
UF Barn Owl ProjectUF Barn Owl ProjectAreas of ActivityAreas of Activity
Barn owl behavior and population Barn owl behavior and population studies studies
Rodent population dynamicsRodent population dynamics
Examining the effectiveness of Examining the effectiveness of barn owls as rodent controllers barn owls as rodent controllers
Public education and agricultural Public education and agricultural outreach outreach
Barn Owl Population StudiesBarn Owl Population Studies
282 barn owls banded 282 barn owls banded since June 2004 since June 2004 (89 (89 adults and 193 nestlings)adults and 193 nestlings)
Spring 2005: nests in Spring 2005: nests in 52% of 233 nest 52% of 233 nest boxes in Palm Beach boxes in Palm Beach CountyCounty
Fall 2005: nests in Fall 2005: nests in 71% of 233 boxes, 71% of 233 boxes, but most destroyed but most destroyed by hurricane Wilmaby hurricane Wilma
Spring 2006: nests in Spring 2006: nests in 78% of 85 boxes 78% of 85 boxes
Rodent Population StudiesRodent Population Studies Trapping surveys conducted Trapping surveys conducted
Jan. 2005 – Dec. 2006Jan. 2005 – Dec. 2006
Surveys conducted 3 times Surveys conducted 3 times during growing season during growing season (post-(post-harvest, mid-way, pre-harvest) harvest, mid-way, pre-harvest) along 16 field ditches in EAAalong 16 field ditches in EAA
Collecting data on community Collecting data on community structure and abundancestructure and abundance
Preliminary results indicate very Preliminary results indicate very low populations after harvest, low populations after harvest, but gradual increases through but gradual increases through growing seasongrowing season
Results will be useful in regards Results will be useful in regards to optimizing rodent control to optimizing rodent control strategiesstrategies
Owl/Rodent RelationshipsOwl/Rodent Relationships 6 sites selected to examine 6 sites selected to examine
the impact of owl predation the impact of owl predation on rodent abundance (3 on rodent abundance (3 experimental, 3 control)experimental, 3 control)
25 nest boxes placed in 25 nest boxes placed in each experimental site to each experimental site to establish high predator establish high predator density, while very low owl density, while very low owl density maintained in density maintained in controlscontrols
At least 60% nesting At least 60% nesting occupancy in experimental occupancy in experimental sites in spring 2006sites in spring 2006
Rodent populations and Rodent populations and sugarcane damage are sugarcane damage are being periodically monitoredbeing periodically monitored
Education and OutreachEducation and Outreach Educational booths and Educational booths and
displays during special displays during special events events
Distribution of owl pellets Distribution of owl pellets to schools and community to schools and community groups groups
Nest box construction with Nest box construction with Boy Scouts, Audubon, Boy Scouts, Audubon, schools, and other groupsschools, and other groups
Conducting field trips and Conducting field trips and owl prowls owl prowls
Creation of barn owl Creation of barn owl website with live nest website with live nest cameras cameras
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS UF/IFAS sugarcane research now encompasses many UF/IFAS sugarcane research now encompasses many
disciplines.disciplines.• AgronomyAgronomy Crop Nutrition Soil Science Crop Nutrition Soil Science• Weed ScienceWeed Science Entomology Entomology Water Water
QualityQuality
New faculty at SWFREC: Ike Ezenwa & Kelly MorganNew faculty at SWFREC: Ike Ezenwa & Kelly Morgan
New extension agents: Ron Rice & Les BaucumNew extension agents: Ron Rice & Les Baucum
Thanks to sugarcane industry for their financial Thanks to sugarcane industry for their financial support.support.
Thanks to collaborators for their effort in the field.Thanks to collaborators for their effort in the field.
Look forward to grower input on future research Look forward to grower input on future research projects.projects.