1

DKP

BAPPENAS

ITBTNIBAKOSURTANALBPPT LAPAN LIPI

BMG ESDM KOMINFODEPLU BAKORNAS PBPDEPDAGRI

POLRI

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2 - 6 April 2007

WMO Regional Seminar on Enhancing Service Deliveryby National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs)

In Regional Association V (South-West Pacific)

Present Status of thePresent Status of theIndonesia Tsunami Early Warning SystemIndonesia Tsunami Early Warning System

((InaTEWSInaTEWS))

Presented by :Prof. Dr. Mezak A. Ratag

Director for Research & Development

INDONESIA METEOROLOGICAL & GEOPHYSICAL AGENCY (BMG) BMGBMG

SEISMICITY MAP OF INDONESIA (1973 – 2005)

2

Updated global data set Engdahl et al. (1998)

BMGBMG

BMGBMG

DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS1991 - 2006

LiwaLiwa 9494

BengkuluBengkulu 0000

BanggaiBanggai 0000

MataramMataram 0404

SimeulueSimeulue 0202

KerinciKerinci 9595

MajalengkaMajalengka 0101 AlorAlor 9191

ManokwariManokwari 0303

NabireNabire 04, 0404, 04

TSUNAMIGENIC EQTSUNAMIGENIC EQ

EARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKE

MentawaiMentawai 0505

Earthquakes : 22 x Tsunami : 10 x

> 1 / yr∼ 1/ 2yr

YogyakartaYogyakarta 0606

P. P. BuruBuru 0606

AlorAlor, 04, 04Flores 92Flores 92

BiakBiak, 96, 96

MoluccaMolucca 9898

BanyuwangiBanyuwangi 9494

AcehAceh 0404

PangandaranPangandaran 0606

NiasNias 0505

Timor 95Timor 95

MadinaMadina 0606

BimaBima 0606

Ternate 06Ternate 06

3

KERUSAKAN AKIBAT GEMPA & TSUNAMI ACEH 26-12-04

KERUSAKAN AKIBAT GEMPA & TSUNAMI ACEH 26-12-04

4

KERUSAKAN AKIBAT GEMPA & TSUNAMI ACEH 26-12-04

KERUSAKAN AKIBAT GEMPA & TSUNAMI BIAK 1996

5

KERUSAKAN AKIBAT GEMPA & TSUNAMI BIAK 1996

KERUSAKAN AKIBAT GEMPA & TSUNAMI BIAK 1996

6

KERUSAKAN AKIBAT GEMPA & TSUNAMI BIAK 1996

PRIMARY SYSTEM OF BMG

BMG

Telecommunication

Instrumentation andCalibration

Database

R & D

Dissemination

Training & Education Facilities

PRIMARY SYSTEM

SUBSTANTIVE PROGRAM

TECHNICAL PROGRAM

InaTWS MC EWS(Ex. TCWC, FDRS)

Inspectorate

7

ORGANIZATION OF NATIONAL COORDINATING AGENCY FOR DISASTER MITIGATION(Pres. Decree 83/2005)BMGBMG

National Coordinating Agency For Disaster Mitigation (BAKORNAS PB)

CHAIRMANVICE CHAIRMAN

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

REGIONAL EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

DAILY REGIONAL EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

SUB REGIONAL EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

MEMBER

HEADQUARTER

PROVINCIAL OFFICE

MUNICIPAL OFFICE

SUB REGIONAL DAILY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

DEPUTY OF PREVENTION &

PREPAREDNESS

DEPUTY OF EMERGENCY

MANAGEMENT

DEPUTY OF RECOVERY

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY

Local Emergency Management Unit - SATKORLAK

Local Emergency Management Sub Unit - SATKORLAK

MEMBER

MEMBER

TECHNICAL WORKSBMG, BAKOSURTANAL, BPPT, DJGSM

LIPI, KOMINFO

–CAPACITY BUILDINGKEM. RISTEKKEM. RISTEK, LIPI,LIPI,BPPT, ITB, BMGBPPT, ITB, BMG

GLOBALGLOBALREGIONALREGIONALNATIONALNATIONAL

War

ning

Mitigation

Hazard Assesment

Sumber: Int’l Tsunami Information Center; Maret 2005

I

II

BAPPENAS

END TO END DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENTEND TO END DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT( HIGH COMPLEXITY )( HIGH COMPLEXITY )

EMERGENCYRESPONSE

KEM. KESRA, TNI, POLRI, KEM. KESRA, TNI, POLRI, DEPDIKNAS, DEPKES, DEPDIKNAS, DEPKES,

BAKORNAS PB,BAKORNAS PB, DEPSOS,DEPSOS,PEMDAPEMDA

III

LOCAL GOVTLOCAL GOVT

2

8

END TO END DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

SEISMOGRAPHPlanned : 160; Installed : 70 (to 2006)

ACCELEROGRAPHPlanned : 500; Installed: 51 (to 2006)

REQUIREMENTSoil layer

Noise disturbanceelectricity

Access RoadSecurity

Land Use (Local Gov’t)

1. AUTOMATIC PROCESSING

- Epicenter location, - Time, - Magnitude - depth

3. DATA BASE- Historical of

Tsunami- Pre-calculation - Tsunami

Simulation

2. CROSS-CHECK- Magnitude?- Location ?- Tsunami ?

Min. of RT, Universities, Research Institution)-Modelling-Database

-Research & Development

• Transportation(Dept. of Transportation)

• Communication(Dept. of Comm.)

• Road, Tent(Dep. Of Public Work)

• Food & Water(Min. of Public Welfare; Dept. of Social)

• Health, Sanitary(Dept. of Health)

• Risk Management(Dept. of Defense )

• Others(Nat’l CoordAgency for Disaster Mitigation)

(Min. of RT, Dept. of Education, Indonesia Agency for Science)-Awareness- Tsunami Evacuation Drill-

DATA PROCESSING MITIGATION & REHABILITATION

INFORMATIONDISSEMINATION

Capacity Building Public Education

2. SEA WAVE MONITORING- Tide Gauge (Natl Agency

for Survey & Mapping)- GPS – Buoys (BPPT)

2. CRUST DEFORMATION - GPS (Natl Agency

for Survey & Mapping)

SENSOR INSTALATION AND SEISMIC MONITORING

Earthquake Information

Tsunami Warning

3

- POLRI HEADQUARTER - ARMY HEADQUARTER- LOCAL GOV’T- DEPT. OF SOCIAL- DEPT. OF HEALTH- NAT’L COORD

AGENCY FOR DISASTER MITIGATION

- TV – RADIO STA.- PORT RADIO- PORT ADMT. OFFICE- PROVIDER GSM/ CDMA

RSC 1

RSC 6

RSC 4

RSC 2

RSC 9

RSC 7RSC 3

RSC 10

RSC 8

RSC 5

NSCNSC

Installed Sensor Locations - 2006(total 70 locations)BMGBMG

Japan (10) Regional Centre (10) RSC = Regional Seismic Center

NSC = National Seismic Center

Germany (10) CTBTO (3)APBN (44) China (4)

9

NATIONAL & DONOR COUNTRIES CONTRIBUTIONS

BMGBMG

StockOn Line

500 accelero160 seismoT O T A L

20072006COUNTRIES

OK

OK

OK

3 ( T )

1 (S)15 (S)

6 (S)15 (A)

---

44 (S)44 (A)

---

3 (S)15 (A)

6 (S)15 (A)

10 (S)

6 (S)---

---

2 (S)

9 (S)21 (A)

10 (A)

---

ExpertIOC

TrainingUNESCO

Technical Assistance

USA

upgrade3 TREMORSFrance

---6 seismoCTBTO15 accelero15 seismoJapan

21 accelero21 seismoGermany

10 accelero10 seismoChina

454 accelero108 seismoIndonesia

Bottom pressure

gauge

Buoy

Plate Tectonic Indian Ocean

Satellite

Satellite

Seismograph

Tide gauge GPS

BMG Jakarta

BMGBMG

?

Source : LIPI - Mod

InaTWS MONITORING SYSTEM

1. Seismograph Data

2. Sea Level Data / Confirmation

3. Sea Level Data

Siren Signal

• Location : ocean floor..? • Mag : > 6.3 RS..?• Depth : < 70km…?• Potential for tsunami !

TSUNAMI

??

6

10

DISSEMINATION SYSTEM FOR EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION AND TSUNAMI WARNING VIA INTERNET

INFORMATION

POLICE HEADQUARTER

33 PROV. GOVERNOR

11 TV Stations

NATIONAL RADIOSERVICE /RRI

DEPT. OF SOCIAL

7 PROVIDER GSM/CDMA

DEPT. OF HEALTH

COORD. AGENCY FOR DISASTER

MITIGATION

REG’L. POLICE OFFICEPOLDA/POLRES

COORD. COMM.DEPT

DISTRICT LEVEL/BUPATI / CAMAT

SUB REG’L POLICE OFFICE/ POLSEK

INDONESIAINTERNET

EXCHANGE

IP VPN MPLSCSM

IP VPN MPLSTELKOM

INTERFACE INSTITUTION

CSM = Citra Sari Makmur

BMGBMG

Radio Communication

PRIVATE RADIO BROADCASTORARI & RAPI

VSAT SCPCDEPDAGRI

REG’L ARMY OFFICE/KODAM/KODIM/KORAMIL

ARMY HEADQUARTER

IM2 INTERNET

S.O.P POLRI

S.O.P TNI

S.O.P

WLAN BMGLOCAL EMERGENCY

MNGMT UNITSATKORLAK / SATLAK

•SENSOR INSTALATION•MONITORING•PROCESSSING•ANALYSIS

BMGS.O.P

S.O.P

S.O.P

S.O.P

S.O.P GUB.

S.O.P BAKORNAS.

S.O.P BMG

COMMUNITY

BMGBMG

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION FOR DISSEMINATION TO REMOTE ISLANDS

Earthquake Information/

Tsunami Warning Local Gov’t

BMG

NGO-USAranetsystem.net

AUSTRALIAbom.gov.au

GTS

Lin

e

Inte

rnet

USAnooa.gov

FO = Fibre OpticsRF = Radio Frequency

SERVER ( AS BMG’S INFORMATION RECEIVER)

AsiaStar(WorldSpace)

BMGBMG

11

EQInfo

- Time- Locationi- Depth- Magnitude

AUTOMATIC PROCESSING SYSTEM AT BMG HQ

Banda Aceh

END TO END OF TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM

Denpasar

Padang

BMG PusatJakarta

MONITORING SYSTEM

OCEAN MONITORING SYSTEM

INTERACTIVELY

Tsunami Information

DEPKOMINFO

INTERFACINGINSTITUTIONS

JAKARTA

• Tide Gauge

• DART Buoy

1

2

EMAIL (BMG)

SMS 2303(BMG)

EMAIL (AEIC)

SMS (AEIC)

TV & RADIO

BAKORNAS PBP

LOCAL GOVTS

WARNINGS !!

P

U

B

L

I

C

Epicenter

SERVER

POLICE

ARMY

1-in-5 BMG INFO

TXT & XML Filesms

faxwebvoicealarm

INTERFACEINSTITUTION

BMG

12

REG. CENTER 7

REG. CENTER 8

REG. CENTER 9

REG. CENTER 4

REG. CENTER 10

REG. CENTER 6

REG. CENTER 1

REG. CENTER 3

REG. CENTER 5

NATNAT’’L. L. CENTERCENTER

- 24 Seismic real time Sensor - Distance between sensors ± 400 km - 3 RC and 1 NC- Processing Time ± 15 minutes

Indonesia Earthquake Information and Tsunami Warning Center (InaTWS -2008)

- 160 Seismic Sensors–500 Accelerograph- Distance between sensors +/- 100 km - 10 RC and 1 NC- Processing Time ± 5 minutes

REG. CENTER 2

SIRENES, TRAININGS, SIRENES, TRAININGS, ANANDD SERVERSERVERS (until 2006)S (until 2006)BMG

Padang

Jakarta

Aceh

DI Jogjakarta

Denpasar

Banten

Ket.

Kuta alam, Meuraksa, Peukan Bada, Lamkruet, Ktr. Gub –

Baitussalam, Banda Aceh kota

Rimbo Kaluang, SasakRanah DatarPasaman Barat, Tiku SelatanTanjung Mutiara, AlaiGelombangPariaman Tengah, Painan/ IV Jurai

Penprov Padang

Pantai Seminyak(Kuta), Kedonganan (Kuta), Sanur,

Tj. Benoa, Nusa Dua

PemKot Denpasar

PenProv Banten

PenProv Gorontalo

Kec. Imogiri:(Nogosari, Wukirsari)Kec. Pijungan (Jolosutro, srimulyo)Kec.Prambanan:( Kebondalam)Kec. Jetis:(Sewon)Kec Plered:(Nogosar)i

Pangandaran, Labuhan, Pandeglang

PenProv Jakarta

Server location Sirene site Training location

Gorontalo

AL-azhar, UIN, SD annisa

13

ENHANCING THE CAPACITY OF LOCAL GOVT OFFICIALS ENHANCING THE CAPACITY OF LOCAL GOVT OFFICIALS IN IN ““DISASTER MANAGEMENTDISASTER MANAGEMENT””

Dokumentasi LIPI

BMGBMG

PUBLIC AWARENESS & PREPAREDNESS

ADOPTING THE COMMUNITY BASED CONCEPT:

TRAINING OF THE INTERMEDIARIESINTERMEDIARIES

Dokumentasi LIPI

BMGBMG

PUBLIC AWARENESS & PREPAREDNESS

14

EDUCATING THE PUBLICthrough popular readings

BMGBMG

PUBLIC AWARENESS & PREPAREDNESS

MAKING AND DISSEMINATING MAP AND EVACUATION ROUTE

BMGBMG

PUBLIC AWARENESS & PREPAREDNESS

15

Dokumentasi LIPI

• PEOPLE MOVE TOWARDS A SAFE SITE(BUKIT PANGILUN)

ACTIVITIES IN THE SHELTER AREA

• WARNING SENT FROM BMG HQ TO THE MAYOR OF PADANG VIA SMS →THE MAYOR ORDER THE EVACUATION

Training simulation on the use of Tsunami WarningSystem: From warning issuance to Evacuation

BMGBMG

PUBLIC AWARENESS & PREPAREDNESS

26 DEC 2005

CAMPAIGN THROUGH THE MASS MEDIA: TELEVISION,

RADIO, NEWSPAPERS

BMGBMG

PUBLIC AWARENESS & PREPAREDNESS

16

TRAINING FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN

Dokumentasi LIPI

PUBLIC AWARENESS & PREPAREDNESS BMGBMG

BMG R&D : From Experimental Design to Production BMGBMG

BMG AWSBMG AWS--MGAMGA--0505

DIGITAL SEISMOGRAPHDIGITAL SEISMOGRAPH(Since 2006)(Since 2006)

AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATIONAUTOMATIC WEATHER STATION(Since 2005)(Since 2005)

17

SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY:a powerful tool to produce 3Dimages of the Earth’s structure

Nature (1997)

Science (1996)

Research & Development :

Imaging the Imaging the TsunamigenicTsunamigenic EQEQRegionsRegions

BMGBMG

The seismic signature of subduction zones

Subduction zones contain the largest earthquakes on Earth. Knowledge of there structural details not only is important for hazard assessment but also to understand the dynamics of subductionand mantle convection. In this project a 3D algorithm in spherical coordinates was implemented and earthquakes in subduction zones simulated. We were able to simulate particular wave effects observed in nature which – in the future – can be used to further constrain the structure of subduction zones.

18

Primary & Secondary WavesPrimary & Secondary Waves

http://www.thetech.org/

P-wave

S-wave

Simulated AnnealingBMGBMG

19

P-wave tomogram across North Sumatra (red dots mark the

location of the M 9 earthquake)

BMGBMG

Seismic Tomography of Northern Sumatra

(b) untuk gelombang S di bawah Sumatera Utara

(a) untuk gelombang P di bawah Sumatera Utara

20

(a)(a)

(b)(b)

ak135 (%)ak135 (%)

Vertical sections from the Earth’s surface down to the depth of 705 km. (a) P-wave speed relative to ak135. (b) S-wave speed relative to ak135.

Elastic parameters extracted from seismic tomograms

Aceh M=9.3

Nias M=8.7

21

S-wave anomaly map : 35 – 70 km

ak135 (%)

Precursors of Large EarthquakesPrecursors of Large EarthquakesBMGBMG

22

TECHNICAL WORKSBMG, BAKOSURTANAL, BPPT, DJGSM

LIPI, KOMINFO

–CAPACITY BUILDINGKEM. RISTEKKEM. RISTEK, LIPI,LIPI,BPPT, ITB, BMGBPPT, ITB, BMG

GLOBALGLOBALREGIONALREGIONALNATIONALNATIONAL

War

ning

Mitigation

Hazard Assesment

Sumber: Int’l Tsunami Information Center; Maret 2005

I

II

BAPPENAS

END TO END DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENTEND TO END DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT( HIGH COMPLEXITY )( HIGH COMPLEXITY )

EMERGENCYRESPONSE

KEM. KESRA, TNI, POLRI, KEM. KESRA, TNI, POLRI, DEPDIKNAS, DEPKES, DEPDIKNAS, DEPKES,

BAKORNAS PB,BAKORNAS PB, DEPSOS,DEPSOS,PEMDAPEMDA

III

LOCAL GOVTLOCAL GOVT

2

END TO END DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

SEISMOGRAPHPlanned : 160; Installed : 70 (to 2006)

ACCELEROGRAPHPlanned : 500; Installed: 51 (to 2006)

REQUIREMENTSoil layer

Noise disturbanceelectricity

Access RoadSecurity

Land Use (Local Gov’t)

1. AUTOMATIC PROCESSING

- Epicenter location, - Time, - Magnitude - depth

3. DATA BASE- Historical of

Tsunami- Pre-calculation - Tsunami

Simulation

2. CROSS-CHECK- Magnitude?- Location ?- Tsunami ?

Min. of RT, Universities, Research Institution)-Modelling-Database

-Research & Development

• Transportation(Dept. of Transportation)

• Communication(Dept. of Comm.)

• Road, Tent(Dep. Of Public Work)

• Food & Water(Min. of Public Welfare; Dept. of Social)

• Health, Sanitary(Dept. of Health)

• Risk Management(Dept. of Defense )

• Others(Nat’l CoordAgency for Disaster Mitigation)

(Min. of RT, Dept. of Education, Indonesia Agency for Science)-Awareness- Tsunami Evacuation Drill-

DATA PROCESSING MITIGATION & REHABILITATION

INFORMATIONDISSEMINATION

Capacity Building Public Education

2. SEA WAVE MONITORING- Tide Gauge (Natl Agency

for Survey & Mapping)- GPS – Buoys (BPPT)

2. CRUST DEFORMATION - GPS (Natl Agency

for Survey & Mapping)

SENSOR INSTALATION AND SEISMIC MONITORING

Earthquake Information

Tsunami Warning

3

- POLRI HEADQUARTER - ARMY HEADQUARTER- LOCAL GOV’T- DEPT. OF SOCIAL- DEPT. OF HEALTH- NAT’L COORD

AGENCY FOR DISASTER MITIGATION

- TV – RADIO STA.- PORT RADIO- PORT ADMT. OFFICE- PROVIDER GSM/ CDMA

23

EQInfo

- Time- Locationi- Depth- Magnitude

AUTOMATIC PROCESSING SYSTEM AT BMG HQ

Banda Aceh

END TO END OF TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM

Denpasar

Padang

BMG PusatJakarta

MONITORING SYSTEM

OCEAN MONITORING SYSTEM

INTERACTIVELY

Tsunami Information

DEPKOMINFO

INTERFACINGINSTITUTIONS

JAKARTA

• Tide Gauge

• DART Buoy

1

2

EMAIL (BMG)

SMS 2303(BMG)

EMAIL (AEIC)

SMS (AEIC)

TV & RADIO

BAKORNAS PBP

LOCAL GOVTS

WARNINGS !!

P

U

B

L

I

C

Epicenter

SERVER

POLICE

ARMY

BADAN METEOROLOGI & GEOFISIKAJL. ANGKASA I NO. 2 KEMAYORAN

JAKARTA PUSAT – INDONESIATEL/ FAX. 62 21 6542983

http://www.bmg.go.id

BMG