1. Environmental and Energy Potential of ATS Algal Systems

2. Algal Turf Scrubber basal algal mesh ready for harvest C:Documents and.jpgSettingsadeywDesktop3689 3. Florida ATS on Farm Canal (Fresh Water Algal Turf)22 abundant species of:Green AlgaeRed AlgaeBrown Algae (diatoms)Blue Green Algae (Cyanobacteria)Keystone SpeciesCladophora crispataEnteromorpha micrococcaCompsopogon coeruleusSpirogyra rivularisMelosira spp.Eunotia pectinalis 4. Algal Turf Scrubbers (ATS) Attached algae/ Many species/ Several algal groups Applied biomimicry Multiple benefits: environment/energy/materials Mature Technology:Operating to 10acre systems today Designed to 1440 acre systems for tomorrow Modular: any size possible next year 5. S-154 System: ATS test system of 2.5 acres, for processing 10-20 Mgpd of farm stream water 6. ATS Biomass Potential 35g (dry)/m2/day 3-6g (dry)/m2/day 7. Some diatoms are composed of 60% triglycerides by mass and grow in 3 days 8. Professor Steven Bertman Dept. of Chemistry Western Michigan University No more BTUs down the drain 9. Lower N & P, Nutrient-rich Elevated DOCwater in waterATS triglycerides Algae biomass biodiesel Starches and celluloseButanol 10. Biofuels: Investigation of Algal Turf atTaylor Creek as Biodiesel feedstockGas chromatograph of algal turf oils (fatty acid methyl esters) FID1 A, (E07423.660A0035730.D) 1.691 10.793pA18 13.953 7.53416 Analysis of algal turf oil 10.21514composition1210.486 Fatty-acids are examined10 13.822 8using FAME analysis; Gas16.90210.041 10.10013.70011.574 10.428 13.285 614.141 16.768 11.221Chromatograph (FID)11.072 4.46320.289 10.966 10.32613.085 19.848 4.945 14.69910.63910.7168.513 12.791 13.5699.768 8.227 7.279 7.013 4 Results: 51015 20 Major oil components in Temporal Dynamics of Fatty Acid Composition of Algal Turf (componentsalgal turf relatively stable> 5.0%)over the three months35 Most fatty acids in C14-C1830 FA composition percentagerange25 Often correspond to20 March Aprilcommon animal and15 May vegetable oils 10 Need to further 5 characterize several peaks014:0-Myristic acidUnknown (C1216:1 w7c 16:0 (palmitic acid, 18:2 w6c (linoleic 18:1 w8c/18:3 w3calcohol?) palm oil) acid)(oleic, linolenicacids) Small scale oil extraction performed Initial, small scale extractionmethods successful at oilisolation targeted oils were recoveredbased on GC- FAMEanalysis 11. Climate Benefits of ATS Uptake of atmospheric CO2 at 16-30 tons of C /ac/yr, or 60-110 tons of CO2 ac/yr Can be engineered to sequester smokestack CO2 emissions Doesnt require agro-industrial fertilizers, and thus side-steps the atmospheric/water pollution consequences of oil production from traditional agriculture 12. Water Quality Benefits of ATS Strips N & P from lakes, rivers and other waterbodies from eutrophic to ppb levels Removes heavy metals Breaks-down toxic organic compounds Supersaturates water with O2 Creates conditions to increase biodiversity 13. ATS: Biofuel Potential 1 acre produces 140kg of dry biomass / day 10 - 50% diatoms Of this, 15-20gpd biofuel can be produced per acre Volatile solids average 45-55% 40% conversion, biodiesel plus butanol