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1 June 21, 2006 Michael Tosca Sr. Product Manager
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June 21, 2006Michael Tosca
Sr. Product Manager
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Research CenterResearch Center
Hamilton SundstrandHamilton Sundstrand
Pratt & Pratt & WhitneyWhitney
SikorskySikorsky
UTC PowerUTC Power
OtisOtis
CarrierCarrier
UTC UTC Fire & SecurityFire & Security
United Technologies Corporation
$42.7 B annual revenue
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Automotive Public transportation
Transportation Fuel Cell Experience
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FUEL CELL BUS BENEFITS
• Air quality
• CO2 emission reductions
• Low noise
• Energy security
• Lower operating costs
• Exportable power
Replacing a fleet of 4000 diesel buses with fuel cell hybrids buses avoids…
51,00070308,0005,900378,000378,000492,000492,000
# carstons# carstonsacresTons
PMNOx + NMHCCO2
Notes:On an annual basis. Using Fleet of 4000 buses and 50,000 miles per bus per year. Diesel emission data based on that reported in DART’s LNG Bus Fleet Final Results (produced for D.O.E. by N.R.E.L., in October 2000). Each car is assumed to emit 38 lbm/year of NOx [EPA]. Each car is assumed to emit 0.06 g/mile of PM per year [EPA]. “Nox” above includes NOX, NMOG/NMOC’s and CH4 emissions… all ozone precursors. Ave. car assumed to run 21,000 mi/yr.
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EMT Madrid, ATM Torino
12 m Irisbus
60 kW S300 PEM
Hydrogen
FC/battery hybrid
California transit agencies
9 m Thor “Thunder Power“ Bus
60 kW S300 PEM
Hydrogen
FC/battery hybrid
Georgetown University
12 m NOVA Bus
100 kW Phosphoric Acid
Methanol
FC/battery hybrid
1998
2002
2004
2005Prior Bus Learnings
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• Hybrid electric configuration
• High efficiency (2-3x diesel bus)
• Near-ambient pressure fuel cell system
• Regenerative braking
• Quiet operation
• >480 km range
• Zero emissions
Advanced Fuel Cell Bus Program
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Advanced Fuel Cell Bus Configuration
Photo credit VanHool, Dynetek, ISE
Batteries
PureMotion™120Fuel Cell Power System
Hydrogen tanks
Electric drive motor
Auxilliaries (lights, HVAC,
etc.)Inverter
ISE ThunderVolt® Fuel Cell Hybrid Drive System
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PureMotionTM 120 Fuel Cell System
• 120 kW• Compressor-free design• Modular• Self-contained• Simplified interfaces• Ease of maintenance• Durable
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PureMotionTM 120 Fuel Cell SystemFleet Status
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
power plant net efficiency (%)
frequency of power demand while in service (%)
Available power output (kW)
%
PureMotionTM 120 Fuel Cell SystemEfficiency
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Transit Bus Comparison
* Preliminary Data from AC Transit/Sunline Transit
16.98.2Fuel consumption (kg/100 km)7869Interior noise (dB @ 80 km/h)7256Interior noise (dB stopped)
13,14016,300Weight (kg)3136Acceleration (sec to 80 km/h)2015Acceleration (sec to 48 km/h)
Diesel busVanHool A330 fuel cell bus *PARAMETER
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PureMotion™120 fuel cell system
Bus/Fleet Technology Roadmap
PureMotionTM120 PureMotionTM120a PureMotionTM120 Gen II
Technology developmentDURABILITY
BALANCE of PLANT COST REDUCTION
RELIABILITY DEVELOPMENT
VALIDATION
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014
40,000 hrs
California Zero Emission Bus
requirements start
2011 2012 2013 2015
15% of new buses in California must be
zero emissions
20,000 hrs
U.S. Federal Transit Administration goal -
10% of new U.S. buses are fuel cell buses
4,000 hrs
AC Transit Bus unveiling and start of revenue service
Durability
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BUS/FLEET MARKETS
$0
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
$2,500
$3,000
$3,500
$4,000
H2 Fuel CellBus
Dual ModeBus
Trolley Bus Diesel HybridBus
CNG Bus Diesel Bus
Ann
ual W
orld
Mar
ket
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
Bus
Pric
e ($
k)
Annual World Market
Price ($k)
>190,000
~15 ~10 ~250
Fuel Cell Bus Market Entry Point
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• Zero emission fuel cell hybrid buses lower operational life cycle costs
• Efficiency = lower fuel costs• Fewer parts = lower maintenance costs
• Commercial business case with competitive capital cost
• Zero emission standards needed to drive larger orders resulting in lower capital cost
ZERO EMISSION COMMERCIAL BUS FLEETS
Aggregate orders will drive capital cost to competitive levels
100 + buses will drive bus cost to $1M
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COMPARISON OF CALIFORNIA INCENTIVES
$- $1.00 $2.00 $3.00 $4.00 $5.00
Incentive, $/Watt
Renewable Fuel Cells
Nat Gas Fuel Cells
Fuel Cell Bus
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SUMMARY
• The PureMotion™ 120 fuel cell system is on the road to commercialization
• We are leveraging our stationary fuel cell durability expertise
• ZEB rule:
• 40 foot transit buses
• Specify operating time and hours
• Zero NOx
• Aggregate bus orders
• Incentives
