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Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved PC Fundamentals Presentation 35 Presentation 35 – – Buses Buses
Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved
PC Fundamentals
Presentation 35 Presentation 35 –– Buses Buses
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ObjectivesObjectives
At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:
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Define computer bus and explain its purpose.
Define the following terms: ISA, MCA, EISA, VL-Bus, PCI, PCI Express, and AGP.
Discuss the characteristics of the PCI, PCI Express, and AGP buses.
Recognize the connector (or slot) of an ISA, PCI, PCI Express, and VGA bus.
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CPUCPU
MemoryMemoryKeyboard ControllerKeyboard Controller
Parallel PortParallel Port
System ControllerSystem Controller
Video AdapterVideo
Adapter The Data BusThe Data Bus
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Keyboard ControllerKeyboard Controller
System ControllerSystem Controller
Video AdapterVideo
Adapter
CPUCPU
MemoryMemory
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MemoryMemory
Video AdapterVideo
Adapter
CPUCPU
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CPU Socket (Slot 1)
CPU Socket (Slot 1)
System Controller
System Controller
Bus Wires
Bus Wires
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What is a Bus?What is a Bus?
Signal Pathways
A way of passing information between components inside and outside the computer.
A modular way of expanding the functions or capabilities of the computer.
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PC Bus ArchitecturesPC Bus ArchitecturesISAMCAEISAVL-BusPCIAGPPCI Express
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The Original IBM PC BusThe Original IBM PC Bus
Introduced on the original IBM PC
8- bit data path
4.77-MHz clock
8 Interrupts - Only one of which was available for expansion boards.
4 DMA Channels - Only one of which was available for expansion boards.
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8-Bit Card8-Bit Card
8-Bit Slot8-Bit Slot
The Original IBM PC BusThe Original IBM PC Bus
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Industry Standard Architecture Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) Bus(ISA) Bus
Introduced on the IBM AT Computer16-bit data pathBackward compatible with IBM-PC Bus8-MHz clock15 Interrupts7 DMA Channels
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16-Bit Card16-Bit Card
16-Bit Slot16-Bit Slot
Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) Bus
8-Bit Section Added Pins
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16-Bit Slot16-Bit Slot
Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) Bus
8-Bit Card8-Bit Card
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Micro-Channel Architecture (MCA) Micro-Channel Architecture (MCA) Bus Bus
Introduced on the IBM PS/216-bit or 32-bit data path10-MHz clockConfigured by software rather than by
jumpers or switchesNot compatible with the ISA busBus Mastering
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Bus MasteringBus Mastering
Allows data to be passed from one device to another without CPU intervention.
Allows a controller card to take control of the bus, leaving the CPU free to concentrate on other tasks.
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Bus Mastering vs. DMABus Mastering vs. DMA
DMA can send data from peripheral to RAM or from RAM to peripheral, without the intervention of the CPU.
Bus Mastering can send data from peripheral to peripheral, without the intervention of the CPU.
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Extended ISA Bus (EISA)Extended ISA Bus (EISA)
The industry’s answer to the MCA bus
Backward compatible with ISA
16-bit or 32-bit data path
8-MHz Clock
Configured by software, not jumpers or switches
Bus Mastering
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CPUCPU
BUSController
BUSController
ISA BusSlots
ISA BusSlots
High SpeedCPU Bus
High SpeedCPU Bus
Low SpeedI/O BusLow SpeedI/O Bus
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CPUCPU
BUSController
BUSController
ISA BusSlots
ISA BusSlots
Local BusSlots
Local BusSlots
High SpeedCPU Bus
High SpeedCPU Bus
Low SpeedI/O Bus
Low SpeedI/O Bus
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VESA Local Bus (VL-Bus)VESA Local Bus (VL-Bus)
Clock speed same as the processor
32-bit data path
Regular ISA slot with local bus connector added
Bus Mastering
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Peripheral Component Interconnect Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)(PCI)
Developed for Pentium-class processors
32-bit and 64-bit data path versions
33-MHz Clock
Processor Independent
Plug and Play with Bus Mastering
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Peripheral Component InterconnectPeripheral Component Interconnect(PCI) Bus(PCI) Bus
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PCI EvolutionPCI Evolution
32-bit, 33 MHz64-bit, 33 MHz32-bit, 66 MHz64-bit, 66 MHz
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PCI-X PCI-X
PCI-X 66 64-bit 66 MHzPCI-X 133 64-bit 133 MHzPCI-X 266 64-bit 266 MHzPCI-X 533 64-bit 533 MHz
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PCI ExpressPCI Express
The next generation of PCI.Serial data paths.Very high speed (2500 MHz)Scales easily as additional serial data
paths are added.X1 has one serial path, X4 four serial
paths, etc.
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PCI-Express @ 2500 MHzPCI-Express @ 2500 MHz
PCI Express x1 1 250 MbpsPCI Express x4 4 1000 MbpsPCI Express x8 8 2000 MbpsPCI Express x1616 4000 MbpsPCI Express x3232 8000 Mbps
Lanes Bandwidth
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PCI and PCI Express Slots PCI and PCI Express Slots
Conventional PCIConventional PCI
Conventional PCIConventional PCI
PCI Express X 16PCI Express X 16
PCI Express X 1PCI Express X 1
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Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)
Developed for high speed graphics cards
Frees the PCI bus from making video transfers
Used only for video cards
Considered a port rather than a bus
66 MHz, 32-Bit
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Accelerated Graphics Port Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)(AGP)
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AGP ModesAGP Modes32-bits @ 66 MHz32-bits @ 66 MHz
AGP 1 266 MbpsAGP 2X 2 533 MbpsAGP 4X 4 1066 MbpsAGP 8X 8 2133 Mbps
BandwidthData CyclesPer Clock
Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved
PC Fundamentals
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