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INFRARED BASED DIGITALCOUNTER APPLICATION
Presented by :
-HABUMUGISHA Didace
-GUMYUSENGE Florien-NIYIGENA Diogene
-NZEYIMANA Janvier
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Problematic
Nowadays the quality and the rapidity on the daily work is
more requested in order to sort out well many activities.
This will allow us to be more involved in the currenttechnology of ICT
From this issue, the use of the products of high
technology are more practical in different areas we haveto face everyday, such as ;
Super market for facilities of payment
Bank for facilities of withdraw and deposit money
Library for facilities of borrows of books and recording amount of
visits ; etc
The project Infrared Based Digital Counter Application is
welcome in Rwanda society for its universal application.
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Objectives
The main objectives of this project are :
Reliability of recording people enteringin given place (Library, Bank , )
Saving money to some institutions by
reducing the number of employees in
charge of recording
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Methodology and scheme of the project
The entire project is built on the sub-systems
highlighted below:
Binary Coded Decimal Counter ( BCD-C)
Infrared Beam transmitter (IRBT)
Infrared Beam Receiver (IRBR) Signal Conditioning Circuit (SCC)
Seven segment Displays (7-SD)
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A. Design of the realized system
The description of the whole system is operated
in accordance with different included sub
systems
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1. Binary Coded Decimal Counter (BCD-C)
The logic design of BCD
Counter is based on the
four JK Flip-Flops (or four
T-Flip-Flops ) where the
both inputs are connected
together to high level. The entire design with the
four flip-Flops is behaved
as the sequential circuit. Binary structure of outputs
of the circuit is produced
according to the following
binary string Q3Q2Q1Q0
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2. Counting operation interpretationThe first Flip-Flop is clocked by an external clock
pulses generated by a clock generator circuit.
The following flip-flops are respectively clocked by
the output from its preceding flip-flop.
The nature of the clock signal is the positive edge
trigger when the UP-COUNT is expected
And the negative edge trigger when the DOWN-
COUNT is expected.
A clock generator circuit is implemented with the
timer 555IC or Schmidt trigger.
The entire circuit of the clock generator is given at the
next slide
11
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3. Design of the Clock generatorThe circuit of the clock generator is a monostable
with the Timer 555 (IC).
111.1
1
CRf
111.1
1
CRf
Hz
CR
f 33.0
1.1
1
11
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4. Infrared Beam Transmitter
descriptionThe design of IRBT is made by two Timers 555
whose role is to generate the stable square signal at the
frequency fixed by the following electrical passive
elements shown at the next slide
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Capacitors
C1,C2,C3 and C4
combined with
the resistors
R1,R2,R3 and P1.
Transistor BD140is for
amplification of
the square signal
obtained TLC 555 (square
Signal)
The capacitor C5 is for the stability of power supply
LD 274 is infrared beam transmitter
Infrared Beam Transmitter description cont
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6.Infrared Beam Receiver description SFH5110 is a
Detector
Bz1 for sound
TLC 555
produces square
signal
BAT 85 is a
demodulatordiode
B I l i d F i li
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B. Implementation and Functionality
As it is stated before the system is located in two different
position beside the passing way. One side of the passing way,
it is located the IR transmitter. In that case the IR transmitter
is oscillating at the fixed frequency and produces the squaresignal which is directed to the conditioning circuit on the
other side of the passing way through the Infrared beam.
According to the design of the IR transmitter, it is noticed that
the circuit contains two timers, the first one generates thesquare signal at the low frequency of 300Hz which will be
modulated by the high frequency of 36KHz generated by the
second timer in order to increase the radiating power of the
beam.
1.The function of IR Transmitter
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2. The function of IR Receiver
The conditioning circuit, IR detector and the counter
are gathered in the other system located at the other
side of passing way.
The Conditioning circuit is also a monostable circuit
(timer) which is triggered by interruption of infraredbeam from IR transmitter.
The interruption of the beam occurs when the person
passes through the beam.
a. The conditioning circuit
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b. IR detector
The infrared detector consists of an IR sensor and a555 timer. The interruption of the beam causes to the
sensor to output the high level voltage and the latter is
put on the reset pin of the timer in order to activatethe output of the timer.
The output of the timer(pin 3) is a square wave signal
which is fed to the trigger pin (pin 2) of theconditioning circuit.
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c. Counter
As it has been detailed before, the countercounts the number of events and for our case it
counts the number of IR beam interruptions
which imply the number of people who cross
the passing way.
The counter is composed by 4510IC(counter),
4511 IC(7 segment decoder)
The digital information from the decoder is
applied to 7 -segment displays through digital
inverter 4049IC because the 7 segment displays
are high level common anode.
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A decoder driving 7-segment displays
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Challenges and drawbacks
Even if the target of our project is to count number of
people accommodated to the institution like NUR, we
implemented the system able to count only 100 people
because of lack of material.
The system can not distinguish human being from anything else.
When the crossing of beam is not well controlled, the
system can carry out double counts or more
The short people (children) can not be counted while
the taller people can be counted twice.
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Conclusion & RecommendationThe project Infrared Based Digital Counter
Application has been implemented successfully andsatisfied our expected results even if we encountered
some drawbacks during its implementation.
This project is an academic experimentation but itcan be improved for further applications and we need
any idea or support for the extension and its
improvement even if for the moment there might besome other well designed and implemented systems
which perform the same task than this.
The system can be easily extended throughdu lication of the desi n made as well as the material